Papers by Ashok Godavarthi
The Journal of Phytopharmacology
Objective: To establish a set of standardized parameters this will assist in identification of ra... more Objective: To establish a set of standardized parameters this will assist in identification of raw material of Caralluma species. Materials: The present study reports, detailed set of parameters from four species, Caralluma lasiantha, Caralluma umbellata, Caralluma attenuata and Caralluma diffusa, for powder characteristics, physicochemical evaluation, HPTLC fingerprint profile, and quantitative estimation of phytoconstituents that would contribute in the correct identity of the raw materials. Results: Various prominent cellular components were observed under the microscopic study, extractive values showed the presence of more water soluble compounds and phytochemical analysis revealed the presence nearly eight classes of phytoconstituents. HPTLC analysis showed the marked differences among species. Conclusion: The results of the present study serve as valuable information for correct identification of plant and determine its genuinity.
Nutrients
Paraxanthine is a natural dietary ingredient and the main metabolite of caffeine in humans. Compa... more Paraxanthine is a natural dietary ingredient and the main metabolite of caffeine in humans. Compared to caffeine, paraxanthine exhibits lower toxicity, lesser anxiogenic properties, stronger locomotor activating effects, greater wake promoting properties, and stronger dopaminergic effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of paraxanthine supplementation on muscle mass, strength, and endurance performance in comparison to the control and other ingredients commonly used by athletes: L-theanine, alpha-GPC, and taurine. Male Swiss Albino mice from five groups (n = 8 per group) were orally administered paraxanthine (20.5 mg/kg/day, human equivalence dose (HED) 100 mg), L-theanine (10.28 mg/kg/day, HED 50 mg), alpha-GPC (41.09 mg/kg/day, HED 200 mg), taurine (102.75 mg/kg/day, HED 500 mg), or control (carboxy methyl cellulose) for 4 weeks. Exercise performance was evaluated using forelimb grip strength and treadmill endurance exercise. All animals...
Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2003
... Year : 2003 | Volume : 35 | Issue : 4 | Page : 250-251. In vitro cytotoxic properties of Grew... more ... Year : 2003 | Volume : 35 | Issue : 4 | Page : 250-251. In vitro cytotoxic properties of Grewia Tiliaefolia bark and lupeol S Badami, P Vijayan, N Mathew, R Chandrashekhar, A Godavarthi, SA Dhanaraj, B Suresh ,. Correspondence Address: S Badami Login to access the Email id ...
Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2018
Background: Human eye is constantly exposed to different wavelengths and intensities of light. Ox... more Background: Human eye is constantly exposed to different wavelengths and intensities of light. Oxidative stress results in distinct changes to retinal organs and tissues. Macular pigments (lutein and zeaxanthin), present in the central macular region, provide protection from photodamages by absorption of high energy blue light and also by virtue of their anti-oxidant activity. Ocular phototoxicity is thus prevented by our efficient anti-oxidant system, in both young and old. One of the best commercial sources of pure lutein and zeaxanthin is Marigold flowers. Objective: In the present study, oil-soluble dietary carotenoid supplement constituting lutein and zeaxanthin in the ratio of 10:1 was evaluated for its modulatory effect on anti-oxidant enzymes and macular pigments in the serum and macula of the Swiss albino rats. Materials and Methods: Male Swiss albino rats were treated with carotenoid supplement constituting lutein and trans-Zeaxanthin (10:1) at two different doses daily, under standard experimental conditions for 42 days. End of the treatment, serum and macula were collected and used for measurement of lutein and zeaxanthin levels along with anti-oxidant parameters. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical differences were assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnet's test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All the results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Results: The supplement exhibited significant elevation of anti-oxidant enzyme levels in treated animals in dose-dependent manner. Concomitantly, the total antioxidant capacity has also been found to show similar increment at the end of the study period. This study revealed significant expression of the two macular pigments investigated. Conclusions: Our study, therefore, provides a strong claim for the anti-oxidant effect of the oil-soluble dietary carotenoid supplement, and thus substantiates its use in the prevention of phototoxic damage to the eye on long-term supplementation.
BioImpacts : BI, 2018
Paracetamol is a potent hepatotoxin and may cause severe acute hepatocellular injury. The present... more Paracetamol is a potent hepatotoxin and may cause severe acute hepatocellular injury. The present study was intended to assess the hepatoprotective potential of Haw. (Asclepiadaceae) ( ) against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and experimental models. Preliminary analysis for antioxidant and hepatoprotective property was evaluated for methanolic (MCU), aqueous (ACU) and hydro methanolic (HCU) extracts of using cell-free antioxidant such as DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation models and cell-based hepatoprotective study using BRL3A cells. , hepatoprotective activity was studied in paracetamol treated male Wistar albino rats. Furthermore, molecular mechanism behind the protective effect of MCU was explored by RT PCR technique by utilizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP2E1. extracts especially, MCU showed a better antioxidant property. MCU offered significant dose-dependent protection against paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in both and assays by improving all the biochemical ...
Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine, 2003
Medical Oncology, 2017
The aim of this study was to identify key genes associated with gliomas and glioblastoma and to e... more The aim of this study was to identify key genes associated with gliomas and glioblastoma and to explore the related signaling pathways. Gene expression profiles of three glioma stem cell line samples, three normal astrocyte samples, three astrocyte overexpressing 4 iPSC-inducing and oncogenic factors (myc(T58A), OCT-4, p53DD, and H-Ras(G12V)) samples, three astrocyte overexpressing 7 iPSC-inducing and oncogenic factors (OCT4, H-Ras(G12V), myc(T58A), p53DD, cyclin D1, CDK4(RC24) and hTERT) samples and three glioblastoma cell line samples were downloaded from the ArrayExpress database (accession: E-MTAB-4771). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in gliomas and glioblastoma were identified using FDR and t tests, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks for these DEGs were constructed using the protein interaction network analysis. The GeneTrail2 1.5 tool was used to identify potentially enriched biological processes among the DEGs using gene ontology (GO) terms and to identify the related pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Reactome and WikiPathways pathway database. In addition, crucial modules of the constructed PPI networks were identified using the PEWCC1 plug-in, and their topological properties were analyzed using NetworkAnalyzer, both available from Cytoscape. We also constructed microRNA-target gene regulatory network and transcription factor-target gene regulatory network for these DEGs were constructed using the miRNet and binding and expression target analysis. We identified 200 genes that could potentially be involved in the gliomas and glioblastoma. Among them, bioinformatics analysis identified 137 up-regulated and 63 down-regulated DEGs in gliomas and glioblastoma. The significant enriched pathway (PI3K-Akt) for up-regulated genes such as COL4A1, COL4A2, EGFR, FGFR1, LAPR6, MYC, PDGFA, SPP1 were selected as well as significant GO term (ear development) for up-regulated genes such as CELSR1, CHRNA9, DDR1, FGFR1, GLI2, LGR5, SOX2, TSHR were selected, while the significant enriched pathway (amebiasis) for down-regulated gene such as COL3A1, COL5A2, LAMA2 were selected as well as significant GO term (RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding (5) such as MEIS2, MEOX2, NR2E1, PITX2, TFAP2B, ZFPM2 were selected. Importantly, MYC and SOX2 were hub proteins in the up-regulated PPI network, while MET and CDKN2A were hub proteins in the down-regulated PPI network. After network module analysis, MYC, FGFR1 and HOXA10 were selected as the up-regulated coexpressed genes in the gliomas and glioblastoma, while SH3GL3 and SNRPN were selected as the down-regulated coexpressed genes in the gliomas and glioblastoma. MicroRNA hsa-mir-22-3p had a regulatory effect on the most up DEGs, including VSNL1, while hsa-mir-103a-3p had a regulatory effect on the most down DEGs, including DAPK1. Transcription factor EZH2 had a regulatory effect on the both up and down DEGs, including CD9, CHI3L1, MEIS2 and NR2E1. The DEGs, such as MYC, FGFR1, CDKN2A, HOXA10 and MET, may be used for targeted diagnosis and treatment of gliomas and glioblastoma.
Drug Delivery, 2017
(2017) Skin delivery of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and hyaluronic acid loaded nano-transfe... more (2017) Skin delivery of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and hyaluronic acid loaded nano-transfersomes for antioxidant and anti-aging effects in UV radiation induced skin damage,
Metabolic Brain Disease, 2017
The present study was aimed to examine the possible anticonvulsant property of aerial parts of Ac... more The present study was aimed to examine the possible anticonvulsant property of aerial parts of Achyranthes aspera using various experimental models of epilepsy in mice. Petroleum ether extract of aerial parts of A. aspera (PeAA), methanolic eAA (MeAA) and aqueous eAA (AeAA) was initially evaluated against six-hertz seizure model in mice, based on the outcomes the effective extract was further evaluated against maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) models in mice. In addition, the potent extract was evaluated against the PTZ model by co-administering with flumazenil (FMZ), and also evaluated for its effect on GABA levels in brain and NMDA-induced lethality in mice. Furthermore, the probable locomotor deficit-inducing property of the extract was evaluated by actophotometer test in mice. In results, only MeAA showed protection against sixhertz-induced seizures in mice, based on these outcomes only MeAA was evaluated in MES and PTZ models. Notably, the MeAA (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) has offered mild and dose dependent protection against MES and PTZ-induced seizures in mice. Alongside, the MeAA (400 mg/kg) showed a significant increase in GABA levels in the brain compared to control, and in line with these findings the anti-PTZ effect of MeAA (400 mg/kg, p.o.) was blocked when coadministered with flumazenil (5 mg/kg, i.p.). However, the MeAA has not shown significant protection against NMDAinduced mortality and also did not cause significant change in locomotor activity compared to before treatment. These findings suggest that MeAA possess mild anticonvulsant activity and the outcomes further confirmed the involvement of GABAergic mechanism behind the anticonvulsant activity of MeAA. Keywords Achyranthes aspera. Anticonvulsant. Epilepsy. Herbal medicine. Six-hertz seizures. MES-induced seizures. PTZ-induced seizures. Gamma-amino butyric acid. Diazepam Abbreviations PeAA Petroleum ether extract of Achyranthes aspera aerial parts MeAA Methanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera aerial parts AeAA Aqueous extract of Achyranthes aspera aerial parts MES Maximal Electroshock PTZ Pentylenetetrazole HLTE Hind limb Tonic extensor HLTF Hind limb Tonic flexion GABA Gamma amino butyric acid NMDA N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid LD lethal dose ED Effective dose Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article
Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine, 2008
The aim of the study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the methano... more The aim of the study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the methanolic extracts of leaves of Solanum sisymbrifolium, Solanum anguivi multiflora, Solanum barbisetum and Solanum jasminoides. In the in vitro antioxidant screening using ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6sulphonic acid) diammonium salt] method, the methanol extracts of Solanum jasminoides, Solanum barbisetum and Solanum anguivi multiflora exhibited potent antioxidant activity with IC 5 0 5 0 values in the range of 83.30-127.30 µg/ml. Solanum anguivi multiflora extract also showed moderate activity against Hep-2 cell line with IC 5 0 value of 80.13 µg/ml. Solanum barbisetum possessing both the activities requires further investigation.
Caralluma species have been reported for various traditional claims; the scientific data for poss... more Caralluma species have been reported for various traditional claims; the scientific data for possible activities have not yet been studied thoroughly. However the toxicity of a plant has to be studied for further exploration of various biological activities. Extracts were studied for their toxicity by MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion models against a panel of cancer, normal origin cell lines and EAC cells. The extracts found to be moderately toxic and showed dose dependent response.
Journal of Food Research, 2014
Curcuminoids is the mixture of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin obtained from... more Curcuminoids is the mixture of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin obtained from dried rhizomes of Curcuma longa, commonly used for its wide therapeutic value. However, the absorption efficacy of curcuminoids is too low to exhibit its proper therapeutic value. Thus, a new preparation named as BioTurmin-WD (water dispersible curcuminoids) was developed for improved bioavailability. By using human Caco-2 cell monolayer, the permeability efficacy of BioTurmin-WD was evaluated and compared with that of 95% pure curcuminoids. Caco-2 model predicts the in vivo absorption of drugs across the gut wall by measuring the rate of transport of a compound across the Caco-2 cell line. BioTurmin-WD was added to the apical layer and basolateral samples were collected over 120 min to examine the concentration diffusing across the cell monolayer. Permeable curcuminoids across the cell monolayer was analysed through reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Apparent permeabilities (P app) of BioTurmin-WD and 95% curcuminoids were found to be 5.89 × 10-6 and 2.65 × 10-6 cm/s respectively. The apparent permeability coefficient of BioTurmin-WD was 7.03-fold higher than 95% pure curcuminoids. Percentage permeability of BioTurmin-WD (0.2945) was much higher than 95% curcuminoids (0.0859). Results indicated that BioTurmin-WD have a much higher absorption capacity (bioavailability) compared to 95% pure curcuminoids. Thus, BioTurmin-WD may be useful as a dietary supplement with greater bioavailability to exert clinical benefits in humans at a lower dosage.
Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 2014
To evaluate the antioxidant and anti proliferative potential of different solvent extract of micr... more To evaluate the antioxidant and anti proliferative potential of different solvent extract of micropropagated and naturally grown plants of Leptadenia reticulata against various cancer cell lines. In this study different extract were tested for cytotoxicity against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7, human colon adenocarcinoma grade II cell line HT-29 and non cancer skeletal muscle cell line L6 through 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The total antioxidant potential was estimated by three different antioxidant model diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity, H2O2 scavenging activity and FeCl3 reducing activity. The ethyl acetate extract of both naturally grown plant and tissue cultured plant exhibited significant cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 21 µg/mL, 26 µg/mL and 22 µg/mL; 20 µg/mL, 30 µg/mL and 18 µg/mL respectively against three cell lines. The diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity was found to be hig...
BioImpacts : BI, 2014
Hyperglycemia is a serious health problem prevailing in diabetes patients. Treatment for hypergly... more Hyperglycemia is a serious health problem prevailing in diabetes patients. Treatment for hyperglycemia by various oral anti-hyperglycemic drugs have associated with side effects, hence there is growing awareness towards the use of herbal products due to their efficacy, minimal side effects and relatively low costs. This study is designed to evaluate anti-hyperglycemic activity of Caralluma umbellata Haw, which is used as a traditional medicinal plant all over India through in vitro studies. Methanolic, aqueous and hydro methanolic extracts of Caralluma umbellata were prepared and studied for their anti hyperglycemic activity. The extracts were evaluated for glucose uptake in L6 myotubes in vitro. In addition, the inhibitory activity against alpha amylase and pancreatic lipase was also measured. The methanolic extract (MCU) was found to have significant glucose uptake. Further, MCU was also found to have promising role in inhibiting alpha amylase and pancreatic lipase. The results of...
Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2016
Coleus forskohlii Briq. has been used traditionally for the treatment of several ailments since a... more Coleus forskohlii Briq. has been used traditionally for the treatment of several ailments since antiquity in Ayurveda. In the present study, an approach has been made to evaluate the effect of C. forskohlii and its major constituents on cytochrome P450 (CYP3A, CYP2B, and CYP2C) mRNA expression in rat hepatocytes. To gain better understanding of the herbedrug interaction potential of the chemical constituents present in C. forskohlii, the extract was subjected to column chromatography followed by standardization with respect to forskolin, 1-deoxyforskolin, and 1,9-dideoxyforskolin using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Hepatocytes were treated with extracts, fractions, and phytoconstituents, followed by extraction and purification of total mRNA. Study of mRNA expression was carried out through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results revealed that the test substances did not show any significant mRNA expression compared to the control against CYP3A, CYP2B, and CYP2C. Positive controls such as dexamethasone and rifampin showed significantly high (p < 0.001) induction potential compared to the control. It can be concluded that C. forskohlii and its major constituents may not be involved in CYP450 induction-based drug interaction.
Pharmacognosy Journal, 2013
Aim: To evaluate in vitro hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract from Corchorus depressus... more Aim: To evaluate in vitro hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract from Corchorus depressus (CDEE) against CCl 4 induced toxicity in HepG2 cell line. Methods: In vitro cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective potential of CDEE were evaluated using HepG2 cells. Based on the cytotoxicity assay, CDEE (50, 100, 200 mg/ml) was assessed for hepatoprotective potential against CCl 4 induced toxicity by monitoring cell viability, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione level (GSH). Results: The results indicated that CCl 4 treatment caused a significant decrease in cell viability. In addition, the toxin treatment initiated lipid peroxidation (LPO), caused leakage of enzymes like transaminase (AST & ALT) and LDH with a significant decrease in GSH levels in HepG2 cells. It was observed that CDEE effectively alleviated the changes induced by CCl 4 in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion: Our study revealed that CDEE has potent cytoprotective effect against CCl 4 induced toxicity in HepG2 cell line and which may be attributed to decrease in CCl 4 induced reactive oxygen species levels and resultant oxidative stress.
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2008
Liver is a prime target of alcohol-induced damage by inducing inflammatory cytokines especially t... more Liver is a prime target of alcohol-induced damage by inducing inflammatory cytokines especially tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa). Activator of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (PPARc) is protective against alcohol-induced liver injury in animals. Liv.52, one of the major herbal hepatoprotective drugs, is shown to protect the liver from toxicity and is considered to be an effective hepatoprotective agent. However, the signal pathway involved in the Liv.52-induced hepatoprotection is not understood well especially in the case of cultured liver cells treated with ethanol. Hence, the study was aimed at determining whether ethanol and Liv.52 could modulate PPARc and TNFa induction in human hepatoma cells, HepG2. The present study with RT-PCR and confocal microscopy experiments showed that ethanol (100 mM) induced suppression of PPARc expression in HepG2 cells. The ethanol-induced PPARc suppression was abrogated by Liv.52. Moreover, Liv.52 also induced upregulation of PPARc mRNA in liver cells as compared to the untreated cells. Further, 100 mM ethanol has also induced TNFa gene expression in HepG2 cells and interestingly Liv.52 abolished ethanol-induced TNFa. The study also shows that Liv.52 alone downregulated TNFa expression in HepG2 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that Liv.52 is capable of attenuating ethanol-induced expression of TNFa and abrogating ethanol-induced suppression of PPARc in liver cells. These results indicate that Liv.52induced PPARc expression and concomitant suppression of ethanol-induced elevation of TNFa in HepG2 cells suggest the immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective nature of Liv.52.
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 2007
Based on the ethnomedical use of Careya arborea Roxb bark in the treatment of tumors, the present... more Based on the ethnomedical use of Careya arborea Roxb bark in the treatment of tumors, the present study was carried out to evaluate the anticancer potentials against Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA)-induced ascitic and solid tumors. The methanol extract of its bark given orally to mice at the dose of 250 or 500 mg / kg body weight for 10 days caused significant reduction in percent increase in body weight, packed cell volume, and viable tumor cell count when compared to the mice of the DLA control group. Restoration of hematological and biochemical parameters towards normal was also observed. Histological observations of liver and kidney also indicated repair of tissue damage caused by tumor inoculation. The extract at the dose of 5 or 25 mg / kg body weight given i.p. daily for 14 days significantly reduced the solid tumor volume induced by DLA cells.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2010
... Negative regulation of glucose uptake by Costus pictus in L6 myotube cell line Anil Pareek 1 ... more ... Negative regulation of glucose uptake by Costus pictus in L6 myotube cell line Anil Pareek 1 , Manish Suthar 1 , Ashok Godavarthi 2 , Manoj Goyal 3 , Vijay Bansal ... After 18 hours, the medium was discarded and cells were washed with krebs ringer phosphate (KRP) buffer once. ...
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Papers by Ashok Godavarthi