The heart rate and electrocardiographic responses were documented in 40 subjects undergoing hyper... more The heart rate and electrocardiographic responses were documented in 40 subjects undergoing hyperventilation provocation tests. Forced overbreathing produced a similar mean heart rate increase in all subjects, regardless of whether the result of the provocation tests suggested the hyperventilation syndrome. In contrast subjects i19] diagnosed as hyperventilators by virtue of prolonged hypocapnia in response to psychological provocation showed significant increased heart rate responses compared to the remaining subjects (p < 0.001). Significant electrocardiographic abnormalities were also produced. The view is presented that the hypocapnia may allow persistance of the cardiovascular responses in the presence of emotional challenge.
Introduction: Mammalian spermatogenesis is regulated through paracrine and endocrine activity, ce... more Introduction: Mammalian spermatogenesis is regulated through paracrine and endocrine activity, cell signaling, and local control mechanisms. These highly specific signaling interactions are effectively absent upon placing testicular cells into two-dimensional primary culture. The specific changes that occur between key cell types and involved spermatogenesis signaling pathways during primary culture remain to be elucidated. However, current protocols to produce mature germ cells in vitro are inefficient and are limited in supporting post−meiotic cells. In order to address these limitations we have developed a 3-dimensional (3D) testis organoid in vitro by combining stem cell and tissue engineering approaches. This model can be utilized as a means to evaluate gonadotoxic agents, and as a means to address critical deficiencies in our understanding of basic human spermatogenesis. The overall goal of this study is to establish, characterize, and culture a multicellular, 3D, human testis organoid and to assess its functionality and spermatogenic capacity over time. Methods: Development of our model system consisted of (1) Identification and analysis of specific cellular components necessary for use in our 3D culture method, (2) Establishment of basic design parameters, culture conditions, and (3) Characterization of human testicular organoids using live cell imaging, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, cell type and stage−specific gene expression, and viability assays. Results: Human Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), Sertoli, and Leydig cells were isolated, characterized, and expanded from tissue obtained through the National Disease Research Interchange (Philadelphia, PA, USA). These cell types were integrated successfully into 3D organoids and maintained viability as determined by ATP and Live/Dead assays for over 4 weeks in culture. Gene expression within these multicellular human testis organoids was measured over time for cell and stagespecific markers including UCHL1,
ABSTRACT This paper describes the alignment between the goals of the British False Memory Society... more ABSTRACT This paper describes the alignment between the goals of the British False Memory Society (BFMS) and a group of sympathetic academics within the British Psychological Society (BPS). Since the 1990s, the policy formation process of the BPS has excluded critical colleagues concerned with child protection and the demonstration of the link between childhood adversity and adult mental health problems. Those involved in the nexus between the BPS and BFMS have focused singularly on the experimental evidence for false-positive outcomes and have systematically excluded a consideration of false negatives. We describe how this biased policy development emerged and was maintained. We discuss this skewed policy formation with reference to social network formation in professional life, as well as the wider context of child abuse in society.
Phenomenological evidence describing life history patterns frequently occurring in cancer patient... more Phenomenological evidence describing life history patterns frequently occurring in cancer patients, typically involving bereavement or other separation, may be explicable in terms of behavioural conditioning. Emotional loss has been demonstrated to produce biochemical changes which have an adverse effect on immune function. The emotional loss may become a conditioned stimulus so that further loss will produce immunosuppression, possibly greater than in the first instance, as a result of a process of sensitization. The model proposes a number of testable hypotheses, and implies that behavioural and psychological techniques could become important factors in promoting an environment conducive to healthy immune function.
Psychophysiological differentiation between conditions of hypnosis and simulation were examined w... more Psychophysiological differentiation between conditions of hypnosis and simulation were examined with markers evolved from a series of experiments charting nemopsychophysiological accompaniments of hypnotic behaviour. Eighteen subjects participated in two sessions in which bilateral electrodermal activity was monitored to moderate intensity tones. Measurement in Session I, a Baseline-Control, of individual variation in rates of habituation of orienting responses, non-specific responses and tonic levels of skin conductance, enabled allocation of matched groups to Session II in which the same auditory stimuli were mixed with a taped hypnotic induction. Half the subjects were instructed to fake hypnosis and the others to comply. In session II the groups were differentiated as follows: (1) rate of habituation to the tones was retarded in the simulation condition and facilitated in the hypnosis condition compared with baseline; (2) the incidence of non-specific electrodermal responses was elevated in simulators after instructions to 'fake hypnosis'; (3) right-hand levels of skin conductance were elevated in simulators; (4) all but one subject in the hypnosis condition admitted to hearing the tones whereas all but one in the simulation condition claimed not to have heard them.
This article briefly discusses capnography and the use of individually meaningful psychological s... more This article briefly discusses capnography and the use of individually meaningful psychological stressors (IMPS) to provoke episodes of acute hyperventilation. Guidelines are provided on history taking, and a strategy for using IMPS with ongoing capnographic monitoring is described, together with a proposal for diagnostic criteria. Diagnosis of hyperventilation using IMPS and capnography can help to demonstrate that feelings, breathing, and
The heart rate and electrocardiographic responses were documented in 40 subjects undergoing hyper... more The heart rate and electrocardiographic responses were documented in 40 subjects undergoing hyperventilation provocation tests. Forced overbreathing produced a similar mean heart rate increase in all subjects, regardless of whether the result of the provocation tests suggested the hyperventilation syndrome. In contrast subjects i19] diagnosed as hyperventilators by virtue of prolonged hypocapnia in response to psychological provocation showed significant increased heart rate responses compared to the remaining subjects (p < 0.001). Significant electrocardiographic abnormalities were also produced. The view is presented that the hypocapnia may allow persistance of the cardiovascular responses in the presence of emotional challenge.
Introduction: Mammalian spermatogenesis is regulated through paracrine and endocrine activity, ce... more Introduction: Mammalian spermatogenesis is regulated through paracrine and endocrine activity, cell signaling, and local control mechanisms. These highly specific signaling interactions are effectively absent upon placing testicular cells into two-dimensional primary culture. The specific changes that occur between key cell types and involved spermatogenesis signaling pathways during primary culture remain to be elucidated. However, current protocols to produce mature germ cells in vitro are inefficient and are limited in supporting post−meiotic cells. In order to address these limitations we have developed a 3-dimensional (3D) testis organoid in vitro by combining stem cell and tissue engineering approaches. This model can be utilized as a means to evaluate gonadotoxic agents, and as a means to address critical deficiencies in our understanding of basic human spermatogenesis. The overall goal of this study is to establish, characterize, and culture a multicellular, 3D, human testis organoid and to assess its functionality and spermatogenic capacity over time. Methods: Development of our model system consisted of (1) Identification and analysis of specific cellular components necessary for use in our 3D culture method, (2) Establishment of basic design parameters, culture conditions, and (3) Characterization of human testicular organoids using live cell imaging, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, cell type and stage−specific gene expression, and viability assays. Results: Human Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), Sertoli, and Leydig cells were isolated, characterized, and expanded from tissue obtained through the National Disease Research Interchange (Philadelphia, PA, USA). These cell types were integrated successfully into 3D organoids and maintained viability as determined by ATP and Live/Dead assays for over 4 weeks in culture. Gene expression within these multicellular human testis organoids was measured over time for cell and stagespecific markers including UCHL1,
ABSTRACT This paper describes the alignment between the goals of the British False Memory Society... more ABSTRACT This paper describes the alignment between the goals of the British False Memory Society (BFMS) and a group of sympathetic academics within the British Psychological Society (BPS). Since the 1990s, the policy formation process of the BPS has excluded critical colleagues concerned with child protection and the demonstration of the link between childhood adversity and adult mental health problems. Those involved in the nexus between the BPS and BFMS have focused singularly on the experimental evidence for false-positive outcomes and have systematically excluded a consideration of false negatives. We describe how this biased policy development emerged and was maintained. We discuss this skewed policy formation with reference to social network formation in professional life, as well as the wider context of child abuse in society.
Phenomenological evidence describing life history patterns frequently occurring in cancer patient... more Phenomenological evidence describing life history patterns frequently occurring in cancer patients, typically involving bereavement or other separation, may be explicable in terms of behavioural conditioning. Emotional loss has been demonstrated to produce biochemical changes which have an adverse effect on immune function. The emotional loss may become a conditioned stimulus so that further loss will produce immunosuppression, possibly greater than in the first instance, as a result of a process of sensitization. The model proposes a number of testable hypotheses, and implies that behavioural and psychological techniques could become important factors in promoting an environment conducive to healthy immune function.
Psychophysiological differentiation between conditions of hypnosis and simulation were examined w... more Psychophysiological differentiation between conditions of hypnosis and simulation were examined with markers evolved from a series of experiments charting nemopsychophysiological accompaniments of hypnotic behaviour. Eighteen subjects participated in two sessions in which bilateral electrodermal activity was monitored to moderate intensity tones. Measurement in Session I, a Baseline-Control, of individual variation in rates of habituation of orienting responses, non-specific responses and tonic levels of skin conductance, enabled allocation of matched groups to Session II in which the same auditory stimuli were mixed with a taped hypnotic induction. Half the subjects were instructed to fake hypnosis and the others to comply. In session II the groups were differentiated as follows: (1) rate of habituation to the tones was retarded in the simulation condition and facilitated in the hypnosis condition compared with baseline; (2) the incidence of non-specific electrodermal responses was elevated in simulators after instructions to 'fake hypnosis'; (3) right-hand levels of skin conductance were elevated in simulators; (4) all but one subject in the hypnosis condition admitted to hearing the tones whereas all but one in the simulation condition claimed not to have heard them.
This article briefly discusses capnography and the use of individually meaningful psychological s... more This article briefly discusses capnography and the use of individually meaningful psychological stressors (IMPS) to provoke episodes of acute hyperventilation. Guidelines are provided on history taking, and a strategy for using IMPS with ongoing capnographic monitoring is described, together with a proposal for diagnostic criteria. Diagnosis of hyperventilation using IMPS and capnography can help to demonstrate that feelings, breathing, and
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Papers by Ashley Conway