The relationship between influential tweeters and highly cited articles in the field of informati... more The relationship between influential tweeters and highly cited articles in the field of information sciences was analysed using Twitter data gathered by Altmetric.com from July 2011 through February 2017. The dataset consists of more than 10,000 tweets, and these mentions, retweets and followers were used to generate a connected, undirected graph. This graph reveals the most influential tweeters by identifying the largest drop in the eigenvalue of adjacency or affinity matrix of a graph when certain nodes are removed; those which, when deleted, cause the greatest drop in the eigenvalue of the graph are considered to be the most influential. The machine-learning model applied in this work utilizes a feature vector containing the accumulated sum of the rank scores of those influential users who tweet a given article, along with known altmetric features such as the user type and post counts for various social media. Finally, the supervised-learning model was trained using Random Forest and Support Vector Machine classifiers with 11 features, including the sum of the ranks of influential users who tweet a given article in our dataset. The results were analysed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Precision Recall (PR) curves, which give the commendable outcomes compared to the baseline model. We found that, for the classification of highly cited articles, Twitter users' score for influence is the most important feature. Finally, we show that our model-which was trained by taking the score for influence into consideration-outperforms the baseline, at 79% for ROC and 90% for PR with the Random Forest Model, effectively identifying the highly cited articles.
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are polyphenolic, water-soluble pigments, and phytochemicals, which in recent... more Anthocyanins (ACNs) are polyphenolic, water-soluble pigments, and phytochemicals, which in recent years, have garnered the interest of consumers, researchers, and industries for their various potential preventative and/or therapeutic health benefits and applications in the food industry. ACN-based processed foods have emerged as functional foods with significant therapeutic potential against various health conditions. However, their wider application in food and pharmaceutical formulations is hindered by their inherent instability under different environmental conditions, such as pH, light, and temperature, rendering them non-functional due to loss of biological activity. The current review focuses on the frequently used bio-based encapsulation materials for ACN-based delivery systems and their formulation techniques. Various bio-based materials including pectin, gums, pectin, proteins, lipids, phospholipids, and their conjugates are being widely used for targeted delivery and contr...
Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences, Mar 3, 2023
The study was designed to estimate the quality of the frying oils used in northern areas of Pakis... more The study was designed to estimate the quality of the frying oils used in northern areas of Pakistan. A cross-sectional analysis was performed to investigate the behavior and common practices of street food vendors (SFVs) regarding oil selection, food preparation, and awareness of rancid oil on human health. Seventy-Eight (78) commercial fried oil samples were evaluated based on the free fatty acid (FFAs), peroxide value (PV), moisture contents (MC), total polar matter (TPM), color, and iodine value (IV). The analysis showed that FFAs, PV, TPM, color, and IV significantly deviated from standard values provided by Pakistan Standard Quality Control Authority, (PSQCA) Pakistan. The SFVs used low-quality oil because of low price and ease of availability over quality, frying oil was changed infrequently and blended with new oil. Furthermore, the majority of SFVs were unaware of the hazards of rancid oil to human health, food handling practices were unsanitary, and cleaning methods were ineffective. Quality control, legislation, and SFVs safety and hygiene training are the most critical requirements to improve the overall quality of fried street foods in Gilgit, Pakistan.
This research investigated the effect of reactant concentrations, reaction medium, urease enzyme ... more This research investigated the effect of reactant concentrations, reaction medium, urease enzyme source, and calcium source on the precipitation rate of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This project is aiming to develop a biochemical reaction by using Enzyme Induced Calcite Precipitation (EICP) technique. This new technique would help in replacing the traditional cementation for the dune sand stabilization and promise an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach in the field of construction materials. Jack beans and soybeans were employed as a substrate to catalyze the urea hydrolysis in the study. The sources of calcium used in the experiments were calcium chloride (CaCl2), eggshell and sesame. In addition, both seawater and distilled water were used as a reaction medium to distinguish the effect on calcium carbonate precipitation. The experiments showed that using sesame at a concentration of 4.5 g, 5 g of urea and 6 g of jack bean at 60 mL of distilled water, is the best reacti...
The relationship between influential tweeters and highly cited articles in the field of informati... more The relationship between influential tweeters and highly cited articles in the field of information sciences was analysed using Twitter data gathered by Altmetric.com from July 2011 through February 2017. The dataset consists of more than 10,000 tweets, and these mentions, retweets and followers were used to generate a connected, undirected graph. This graph reveals the most influential tweeters by identifying the largest drop in the eigenvalue of adjacency or affinity matrix of a graph when certain nodes are removed; those which, when deleted, cause the greatest drop in the eigenvalue of the graph are considered to be the most influential. The machine-learning model applied in this work utilizes a feature vector containing the accumulated sum of the rank scores of those influential users who tweet a given article, along with known altmetric features such as the user type and post counts for various social media. Finally, the supervised-learning model was trained using Random Forest and Support Vector Machine classifiers with 11 features, including the sum of the ranks of influential users who tweet a given article in our dataset. The results were analysed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Precision Recall (PR) curves, which give the commendable outcomes compared to the baseline model. We found that, for the classification of highly cited articles, Twitter users' score for influence is the most important feature. Finally, we show that our model-which was trained by taking the score for influence into consideration-outperforms the baseline, at 79% for ROC and 90% for PR with the Random Forest Model, effectively identifying the highly cited articles.
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are polyphenolic, water-soluble pigments, and phytochemicals, which in recent... more Anthocyanins (ACNs) are polyphenolic, water-soluble pigments, and phytochemicals, which in recent years, have garnered the interest of consumers, researchers, and industries for their various potential preventative and/or therapeutic health benefits and applications in the food industry. ACN-based processed foods have emerged as functional foods with significant therapeutic potential against various health conditions. However, their wider application in food and pharmaceutical formulations is hindered by their inherent instability under different environmental conditions, such as pH, light, and temperature, rendering them non-functional due to loss of biological activity. The current review focuses on the frequently used bio-based encapsulation materials for ACN-based delivery systems and their formulation techniques. Various bio-based materials including pectin, gums, pectin, proteins, lipids, phospholipids, and their conjugates are being widely used for targeted delivery and contr...
Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences, Mar 3, 2023
The study was designed to estimate the quality of the frying oils used in northern areas of Pakis... more The study was designed to estimate the quality of the frying oils used in northern areas of Pakistan. A cross-sectional analysis was performed to investigate the behavior and common practices of street food vendors (SFVs) regarding oil selection, food preparation, and awareness of rancid oil on human health. Seventy-Eight (78) commercial fried oil samples were evaluated based on the free fatty acid (FFAs), peroxide value (PV), moisture contents (MC), total polar matter (TPM), color, and iodine value (IV). The analysis showed that FFAs, PV, TPM, color, and IV significantly deviated from standard values provided by Pakistan Standard Quality Control Authority, (PSQCA) Pakistan. The SFVs used low-quality oil because of low price and ease of availability over quality, frying oil was changed infrequently and blended with new oil. Furthermore, the majority of SFVs were unaware of the hazards of rancid oil to human health, food handling practices were unsanitary, and cleaning methods were ineffective. Quality control, legislation, and SFVs safety and hygiene training are the most critical requirements to improve the overall quality of fried street foods in Gilgit, Pakistan.
This research investigated the effect of reactant concentrations, reaction medium, urease enzyme ... more This research investigated the effect of reactant concentrations, reaction medium, urease enzyme source, and calcium source on the precipitation rate of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This project is aiming to develop a biochemical reaction by using Enzyme Induced Calcite Precipitation (EICP) technique. This new technique would help in replacing the traditional cementation for the dune sand stabilization and promise an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach in the field of construction materials. Jack beans and soybeans were employed as a substrate to catalyze the urea hydrolysis in the study. The sources of calcium used in the experiments were calcium chloride (CaCl2), eggshell and sesame. In addition, both seawater and distilled water were used as a reaction medium to distinguish the effect on calcium carbonate precipitation. The experiments showed that using sesame at a concentration of 4.5 g, 5 g of urea and 6 g of jack bean at 60 mL of distilled water, is the best reacti...
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