Research Papers by Anusha Raj
Activated carbon containing nitrogen functionalities exhibits excellent electrochemical property ... more Activated carbon containing nitrogen functionalities exhibits excellent electrochemical property which is more
interesting for several renewable energy storage and catalytic applications. Here, we report the synthesis of
microporous oxygen and nitrogen doped activated carbon utilizing chitin from the gladius of squid fish. The
activated carbon has large surface area of 1129m2 g−1 with microporous network and possess ∼4.04% of
nitrogen content in the form of pyridinic/pyrrolic-N, graphitic-N and N-oxide groups along with oxygen and
carbon species. The microporous oxygen/nitrogen doped activated carbon is utilize for the fabrication of aqueous
and flexible supercapacitor electrodes, which presents excellent electrochemical performance with maximum
specific capacitance of 204 Fg−1 in 1MH2SO4 electrolyte and 197 Fg−1 as a flexible supercapacitor.
Moreover, the device displays 100% of specific capacitance retention after 25,000 subsequent charge/discharge
cycles in 1MH2SO4 electrolyte.
Amperometric glucose biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOx) onto chitosan... more Amperometric glucose biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOx) onto chitosannanoparticles (CSNPs) in gold electrode. The chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized from gladiusof squid, Uroteuthis duvauceli by ionic gelation process. The morphology and functional groups ofCSNPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR) respectively. The electrochemical glucose sensing properties of CSNPs based elec-trode (Au/CSNPs/GOx) was analyzed relatively with commercial chitosan particles utilized electrode(Au/CS/GOx). The surface morphology of bare Au, Au/CSNPs and Au/CS electrodes were observed usingscanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that both the elec-trodes exhibit high electrocatalytic ability towards glucose detection in the presence of oxygen. Thedeveloped biosensors possessed good amperometric response towards glucose with linear detectionrange from 0.001 to 1 mM with ≤2 s response time. The Au/CSNPs/GOx biosensor showed high sensitivityof 156.27 A mM−1cm−2with low detection limit of 1.1 M. The Michaelis–Menten kinetics evaluated forthe electrodes displayed low value (Kappm= 0.625 mM) representing an excellent substrate affinity towardsthe enzyme. Moreover, this biosensor demonstrated better repeatability, reproducibility and stability.
An effective enzymatic glucose biosensorwas developed by immobilizing glucose oxidase on chitosan... more An effective enzymatic glucose biosensorwas developed by immobilizing glucose oxidase on chitosan submicron
particles synthesized from the gladius of Todarodes pacificus (GCSP). The chemically synthesized chitosan from
gladius was pulverized to submicron particles by ball milling technique, which was further characterized and
compared with the standard chitosan (SCS). The degree of deacetylation of GCSP was determined using FTIR
spectroscopy which was comparable to the value of standard chitosan. The glucose oxidase (GOx) was
immobilized over GCSP on porous zinc oxide/platinum nanoparticle (ZnO/Pt) based electrode. The morphological
and structural properties of the electrodes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction
analysis. The glucose sensing behavior of electrode was estimated using electrochemical analysis and
showed an excellent analytical performance. The electrode ZnO/Pt/GCSP conjugated with GOx displayed high
sensitivity (88.76 μA mM−1 cm−2) with low detection limit in short response time. In addition, the very low
value ofMichaelis–Menten constant for GCSP based electrode contributes a better affinity of the electrode surface
towards glucose oxidase.
Enzymatic glucose biosensor was fabricated with the aid of zinc oxide (ZnO) porous nanostructure ... more Enzymatic glucose biosensor was fabricated with the aid of zinc oxide (ZnO) porous nanostructure on FTO glass substrate by simple drop casting technique. By introducing a small layer of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles and chitosan (CS) over the ZnO porous nanostructure have enhanced the glucose sensing property of the fabricated biosensor to a higher order. The morphological and structural properties of the electrodes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The glucose sensing properties of glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized electrodes were estimated using electrochemical analysis. The ZnO/Pt/CS heterostructure conjugated with GOx shows good analytical performances with high sensitivity (62.14 A mM −1 cm −2 ) in a wide linear range and low detection compared with the bare ZnO/CS/GOx biosensor. In addition, the catalytic properties of the electrodes in H 2 O 2 solution was studied and discussed in detail using cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopic techniques.
http://fisheriesjournal.com/vol1issue4/pdf/66.1.pdf
This short review summarizes the current status of the squid fisheries in Indian waters. It prima... more This short review summarizes the current status of the squid fisheries in Indian waters. It primarily considers
the historical classification and biological characteristics of squid within the context to Indian squid
varieties. Squid is an economically important cephalopod in India represented mainly by Loligo duvauceli,
Sepioteuthis lessoniana, and Doryteuthis species. Among the squids, the Indian squid (Loligo duvauceli) is
the dominant species, catching about 97% all over the country per year. The squid fish plays a major role in
balancing the marine ecosystem. Generally, the temperature changes, ocean acidification and climatic
changes are likely to affect marine ecosystems and their associated fisheries, adding to the challenges of
managing fisheries sustainably. The proposed changes responded quickly in the squids and act as ecosystem
indicators of environmental change by minimum growth rate and maximum production. Since, the increase
in ocean temperatures can cause faster growth and shorter life spans of squid. In addition, briefly reviews
the methods of exploitation of squid along with the current squid populations, fishing methods, export,
utilization and marketing. India’s squid fishing fleet accounted for 3% of the global squid production and
makes up approximately 5–7% of U.S. squid imports. The processed squid meat has been exported in global
level from the maritime states to Japan, US, EU, UAE, Italy and France through the major ports such as
Kochi, Kollam, Tuticorin, Mumbai and Visakhapatnam. A brief analysis of the current status of the Indian
squid fisheries and considers the potential for future development are provided in conclusion.
Papers by Anusha Raj
Objective: The present study was to investigate the phyllanthin present in Phyllanthus niruri whi... more Objective: The present study was to investigate the phyllanthin present in Phyllanthus niruri which belongs to the family, Euphorbiaceae. The vital aim was to evaluate the antioxidant and to determine the anticandidal efficacies against Candida albicans. Methods: Phyllanthin, is one of the active lignan which was isolated from Phyllanthus niruri by silica gel column chromatography employing gradient elution with hexane–ethyl acetate solvent mixture. The eluted samples were further identified and estimated using HPTLC. Free radical scavenging activity of phyllanthin was examined using DPPH assay. Anticandidal activity was studied by analysing the growth inhibition and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) rate. Results: The retention time of phyllanthin is 23.4 and its total run time was 45 min. Phyllanthin exhibited very high antioxidative property by its low IC50=7.5 µmol/mL. The isolated phyllanthin alters the growth of C. albicans and showed significant results in vitro. Among the various concentrations of phyllanthin, 250 µl/L concentration revealed the high rate of inhibition. Conclusion: The phyllanthin compound from the medicinal plant, Phyllanthus niruri confirmed as an effective antifungal agent to prevent the candidiasis and the secondary infections caused in various diseases.
We report the synthesis, characterization, and biological properties of chitosan nanoaggregates f... more We report the synthesis, characterization, and biological properties of chitosan nanoaggregates from gladius of squid, Uroteuthis duvauceli. í µí»½-Chitin extracted from gladius was deacetylated to chitosan and further reduced to nanosize using ionic gelation process. The morphology and occurrence of chitosan nanoaggregates (CSNA) were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The degree of deacetylation (DD%) calculated from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum showed high value (∼94 ± 1.25%) for chitosan. The CSNA depicts low molecular weight, stable positive zeta potential, and less ash and moisture content with high water and fat binding capacity. The antimicrobial activity was tested against pathogenic microorganisms, which depicted significant rate of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli due to high cellular uptake. The antioxidant analysis for CSNA demonstrated high reducing power and scavenging activity towards superoxide radicals compared with the commercially available chitosan. Furthermore, nanoaggregates exhibited low cytotoxic behavior in biological in vitro tests performed using cervical cancer cell line. These results indicate that chitosan nanoaggregates synthesized from waste gladius will be highly efficient and safe candidate for biological applications as food packing film, drug carrier, and tissue engineering.
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Research Papers by Anusha Raj
interesting for several renewable energy storage and catalytic applications. Here, we report the synthesis of
microporous oxygen and nitrogen doped activated carbon utilizing chitin from the gladius of squid fish. The
activated carbon has large surface area of 1129m2 g−1 with microporous network and possess ∼4.04% of
nitrogen content in the form of pyridinic/pyrrolic-N, graphitic-N and N-oxide groups along with oxygen and
carbon species. The microporous oxygen/nitrogen doped activated carbon is utilize for the fabrication of aqueous
and flexible supercapacitor electrodes, which presents excellent electrochemical performance with maximum
specific capacitance of 204 Fg−1 in 1MH2SO4 electrolyte and 197 Fg−1 as a flexible supercapacitor.
Moreover, the device displays 100% of specific capacitance retention after 25,000 subsequent charge/discharge
cycles in 1MH2SO4 electrolyte.
particles synthesized from the gladius of Todarodes pacificus (GCSP). The chemically synthesized chitosan from
gladius was pulverized to submicron particles by ball milling technique, which was further characterized and
compared with the standard chitosan (SCS). The degree of deacetylation of GCSP was determined using FTIR
spectroscopy which was comparable to the value of standard chitosan. The glucose oxidase (GOx) was
immobilized over GCSP on porous zinc oxide/platinum nanoparticle (ZnO/Pt) based electrode. The morphological
and structural properties of the electrodes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction
analysis. The glucose sensing behavior of electrode was estimated using electrochemical analysis and
showed an excellent analytical performance. The electrode ZnO/Pt/GCSP conjugated with GOx displayed high
sensitivity (88.76 μA mM−1 cm−2) with low detection limit in short response time. In addition, the very low
value ofMichaelis–Menten constant for GCSP based electrode contributes a better affinity of the electrode surface
towards glucose oxidase.
the historical classification and biological characteristics of squid within the context to Indian squid
varieties. Squid is an economically important cephalopod in India represented mainly by Loligo duvauceli,
Sepioteuthis lessoniana, and Doryteuthis species. Among the squids, the Indian squid (Loligo duvauceli) is
the dominant species, catching about 97% all over the country per year. The squid fish plays a major role in
balancing the marine ecosystem. Generally, the temperature changes, ocean acidification and climatic
changes are likely to affect marine ecosystems and their associated fisheries, adding to the challenges of
managing fisheries sustainably. The proposed changes responded quickly in the squids and act as ecosystem
indicators of environmental change by minimum growth rate and maximum production. Since, the increase
in ocean temperatures can cause faster growth and shorter life spans of squid. In addition, briefly reviews
the methods of exploitation of squid along with the current squid populations, fishing methods, export,
utilization and marketing. India’s squid fishing fleet accounted for 3% of the global squid production and
makes up approximately 5–7% of U.S. squid imports. The processed squid meat has been exported in global
level from the maritime states to Japan, US, EU, UAE, Italy and France through the major ports such as
Kochi, Kollam, Tuticorin, Mumbai and Visakhapatnam. A brief analysis of the current status of the Indian
squid fisheries and considers the potential for future development are provided in conclusion.
Papers by Anusha Raj
interesting for several renewable energy storage and catalytic applications. Here, we report the synthesis of
microporous oxygen and nitrogen doped activated carbon utilizing chitin from the gladius of squid fish. The
activated carbon has large surface area of 1129m2 g−1 with microporous network and possess ∼4.04% of
nitrogen content in the form of pyridinic/pyrrolic-N, graphitic-N and N-oxide groups along with oxygen and
carbon species. The microporous oxygen/nitrogen doped activated carbon is utilize for the fabrication of aqueous
and flexible supercapacitor electrodes, which presents excellent electrochemical performance with maximum
specific capacitance of 204 Fg−1 in 1MH2SO4 electrolyte and 197 Fg−1 as a flexible supercapacitor.
Moreover, the device displays 100% of specific capacitance retention after 25,000 subsequent charge/discharge
cycles in 1MH2SO4 electrolyte.
particles synthesized from the gladius of Todarodes pacificus (GCSP). The chemically synthesized chitosan from
gladius was pulverized to submicron particles by ball milling technique, which was further characterized and
compared with the standard chitosan (SCS). The degree of deacetylation of GCSP was determined using FTIR
spectroscopy which was comparable to the value of standard chitosan. The glucose oxidase (GOx) was
immobilized over GCSP on porous zinc oxide/platinum nanoparticle (ZnO/Pt) based electrode. The morphological
and structural properties of the electrodes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction
analysis. The glucose sensing behavior of electrode was estimated using electrochemical analysis and
showed an excellent analytical performance. The electrode ZnO/Pt/GCSP conjugated with GOx displayed high
sensitivity (88.76 μA mM−1 cm−2) with low detection limit in short response time. In addition, the very low
value ofMichaelis–Menten constant for GCSP based electrode contributes a better affinity of the electrode surface
towards glucose oxidase.
the historical classification and biological characteristics of squid within the context to Indian squid
varieties. Squid is an economically important cephalopod in India represented mainly by Loligo duvauceli,
Sepioteuthis lessoniana, and Doryteuthis species. Among the squids, the Indian squid (Loligo duvauceli) is
the dominant species, catching about 97% all over the country per year. The squid fish plays a major role in
balancing the marine ecosystem. Generally, the temperature changes, ocean acidification and climatic
changes are likely to affect marine ecosystems and their associated fisheries, adding to the challenges of
managing fisheries sustainably. The proposed changes responded quickly in the squids and act as ecosystem
indicators of environmental change by minimum growth rate and maximum production. Since, the increase
in ocean temperatures can cause faster growth and shorter life spans of squid. In addition, briefly reviews
the methods of exploitation of squid along with the current squid populations, fishing methods, export,
utilization and marketing. India’s squid fishing fleet accounted for 3% of the global squid production and
makes up approximately 5–7% of U.S. squid imports. The processed squid meat has been exported in global
level from the maritime states to Japan, US, EU, UAE, Italy and France through the major ports such as
Kochi, Kollam, Tuticorin, Mumbai and Visakhapatnam. A brief analysis of the current status of the Indian
squid fisheries and considers the potential for future development are provided in conclusion.