Papers by Anselmo Miranda
The microalgae growth was evalauted in outdoor cultures with different hour of inoculation and cu... more The microalgae growth was evalauted in outdoor cultures with different hour of inoculation and culture medium
Biofloc culture systems, which are based on the development of microorganisms that recycle inorga... more Biofloc culture systems, which are based on the development of microorganisms that recycle inorganic nutrients and organic matter, may contribute to the nutrition of some farmed species. Juvenile red tilapia (Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus × Mozambique Tilapia O. mossambicus) cultured in saltwater were fed pelleted diets in which 0, 33, 67, or 100% of the fish meal was substituted with a vegetable meal mix (corn, wheat, and sorghum meals). The proximate composition of the biofloc produced in the culture systems was evaluated. Four experimental diets and one control diet (isocaloric and isoproteic) were randomly assigned to 15 experimental tanks. Samples of biofloc were periodically collected to measure the total suspended solids, organic matter, and ash content and to determine the protein, lipid, and carbohydrate contents. At the end of the study, variables describing red tilapia production were determined. The biofloc volume, total suspended solids, ash, and organic matter showed significant differences among treatments, but carbohydrate (33.0-39.0%), lipid (2.6-3.5%), and protein (23.7-25.4%) levels were similar. No significant differences were observed in red tilapia survival, final biomass, or feed conversion ratio. We conclude that the substitution of fish meal with vegetable meal in the pelleted feed had no adverse effect on the production response of saltwater-cultured red tilapia.
Physical and chemical characteristics of lyophilized biofloc produced into the culture of whitele... more Physical and chemical characteristics of lyophilized biofloc produced into the culture of whiteleg shrimp was determinated. The study consisted in the evaluation of biofloc produced with four experimental diets, isoproteic (35%) and isolipidic (8%), with different fishmeal content: 0 g kg -1 (T0), 100 g kg -1 (T1), 200 g kg -1 (T2), 300 g kg -1 (T3), and a commercial diet with 300 g kg -1 (TC) as a control. The shrimp was cultured in low salinity (5 g L -1 ) at a density of 600 ind m -3 . The bioflocs were manually collected at day 28, lyophilized, and processed. Proximal composition was determined. To analyze morphology and particle size, photomicrographs were obtained using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Molecular weights of the protein hydrolysates were determined, and finally the bioflocs protein surface hydrophobicity (S0) was measured. No significant differences were detected for protein (360-404 g kg -1 ), lipid (6-8 g kg -1 ) and fiber (5-9 g kg -1 ) contents, but the ashes (205-284 g kg -1 ) were different. The hydrolysate protein molecular weights were similar, in all cases varied from 22 to 200 kDa. The 50% of lyophilized particles had sizes from 3 to 15 μm. The fluorescence spectra slopes indicated differences in protein surface hydrophobicity (S0) between the treatments. In general, the physical and chemical characteristics of the bioflocs were independent of the used diet. The lyophilized biofloc has properties that allow its use as a protein source or raw material for biotechnological processes.
El saber de mis hijos hará mi grandeza" 11 Volumen XIV, Número 2 ROUTINE METABOLISM AND DIGESTIVE... more El saber de mis hijos hará mi grandeza" 11 Volumen XIV, Número 2 ROUTINE METABOLISM AND DIGESTIVE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY IN JUVENILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis mossambicus x Oreochromis niloticus) ACCLIMATED TO DIFFERENT SALINITIES
Efecto del fotoperiodo y la razón camarón:macroalga en la remoción de nitrógeno amoniacal total p... more Efecto del fotoperiodo y la razón camarón:macroalga en la remoción de nitrógeno amoniacal total por Gracilaria vermiculophylla, en cultivo con Litopenaeus vannamei, sin recambio de agua RESUMEN. Se evaluó el efecto del fotoperiodo y la relación de biomasa camarón:macroalga en la remoción de nitrógeno amoniacal total (NAT), por la macroalga Gracilaria vermiculophylla, en cultivo con camarón Litopenaeus vannamei, sin recambio de agua. Se evaluaron cuatro fotoperiodos: 12:12, 14:10, 16:08 y 24:00 h de luz:oscuridad y dos relaciones de biomasa camarón:macroalga, 1:4 y 1:8. El diseño experimental fue factorial de 4x2 con cuatro réplicas por tratamiento. Las menores concentraciones de NAT (0,55 ± 0,17 mg L -1 ), N-NO 2 (0,145 ± 0,29 mg L -1 ) y N-NO 3 (3,13 ± 0,73 mg L -1 ) se registraron en la relación 1:8. Las mayores tasas de crecimiento de la macroalga (3,07 ± 1,44% día -1 ) se obtuvieron con fotoperiodo de 24:00 h y relación de biomasa 1:8. La mayor tasa de incorporación de N en la macroalga (0,31 ± 0,12 mg N L -1 día -1 ) ocurrió en las mismas condiciones. El crecimiento del camarón fue similar al reportado en sistemas tradicionales de recirculación. La integración de G. vermiculophylla en el sistema sin recambio, fue capaz de mantener los niveles de compuestos nitrogenados tóxicos en niveles favorables para el crecimiento de L. vannamei. Palabras clave: biorremediación, cultivo de macroalgas, cultivos multitróficos, fotoperiodo, remoción de nitrógeno.
The impact on coastal ecosystems of suspended solids, organic matter, and bacteria in shrimp farm... more The impact on coastal ecosystems of suspended solids, organic matter, and bacteria in shrimp farm effluents is presented. Sites around Bahía de Kino were selected for comparative evaluation. Effluent entering Bahia Kino (1) enters Laguna La Cruz (2). A control site (3) was outside the influence of effluents. Water quality samples were collected every two weeks during the shrimp culture period. Our data show that the material load in shrimp farm effluents changes biogeochemical processes and aquatic health of the coastal ecosystem. Specifically, the suspended solids, particulate organic matter, chlorophyll a, viable heterotrophic bacteria, and Vibrio-like bacteria in the bay and lagoon were two-to three-fold higher than the control site. This can be mitigated by improvements in the management of aquaculture systems.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of 3 wavelengths (400-700, 455-475 and 620-... more The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of 3 wavelengths (400-700, 455-475 and 620-630 nm) and 3 photoperiods (12:12, 16:08 and 24:00 h) on the ammonium removal and growth of Gracilaria vermiculophylla. In a first experiment (8 h), the total ammonium nitrogen removal rate (RR TAN ) ranged from 11.63±3.21 to 15.45±3.70 μmol g DW/h, while the efficiency rate of removal, ER TAN varied from 32.40±8.93 to 43.03±10.31%. In a second experiment (8 d), the Specific Growth Rate (SGR) of the macroalgae ranged from 7.24±1.35 to 13.24±1.14% /day. At the end of the trial, the N content in the tissues of G. vermiculophylla varied from 1.49±0.14 to 2.53±0.45 g/100 g DW. The highest biomass harvested and N incorporation rate (NIR in mg.N/L.d) corresponded to the photoperiod 16:08 at a wavelength of 620-630 nm. It is concluded that photoperiod and light wavelength had a significant effect on SGR and N content in the tissues of the macroalgae.
The biomass, proximal composition and fatty acid profile of Isochrysis sp., Chaetoceros muelleri ... more The biomass, proximal composition and fatty acid profile of Isochrysis sp., Chaetoceros muelleri and their mixture, grown under greenhouse conditions, were evaluated. The nutritional value of both species supplied as the monoalgal (Chaetoceros muelleri: Diet I, and Isochrysis sp. Diet II) and mixed diet (Diet III) for larval Litopenaeus vannamei was also assessed on the basis of the development and biochemical composition of the larvae. The highest protein levels were obtained in Diets I and II (40% and 35%, respectively). No significant differences in larval survival were found among the diets; however, larvae fed on Diet II had the lowest mean larval length.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the particulate matter uptake, survival, condition in... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the particulate matter uptake, survival, condition index (CI), and proximate composition of Crassostrea gigas, cocultured in seawater with tilapia. We used three densities of oysters (two, four, and eight) and one control (no oysters) per 150 g of tilapia biomass. Water quality parameters were measured daily, whereas NH 4 -N, NO 2 -N, NO 3 -N, PO 4 , total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), chlorophyll a (Chl a), total suspended solids (TSS) proximate composition and CI of C. gigas were determined at the beginning and at the end of the study. No significant differences in nutrient content were observed between treatments. Significant differences were observed in TKN, Chl a, and TSS between the control and the oyster tanks. Maximum removal percentages were 43.16 for TKN (two oyster treatment), 80.23 for Chl a, and 73.55 for TSS (both in eight oyster treatment). Survival of C. gigas was 100% in all treatments. Significantly higher growth was only observed in two oyster treatment. Protein and carbohydrate content in the oyster tissues diminished in all treatments, whereas lipid increased in treatments with two and four oysters. These results indicate that TSS produced from tilapia can be used as a source of food for C. gigas.
A previous study conducted in 1998 assessed yearly nutrient discharge by the Sinaloa and Sonora s... more A previous study conducted in 1998 assessed yearly nutrient discharge by the Sinaloa and Sonora shrimp farms to the coastal areas of the Gulf of California (1,509.4 and 438.7 tons of N and P corresponding to 2.1 and 1.05% of the total nutrient discharges to the Gulf along those two states coastlines). However, that estimate did not take into account other nutrient sources, nor the high daily water exchanges of the farms of Sonora, that are likely to increase the calculated amount of nutrients discharged. The evaluation of the nutrient budget of one semi-intensive shrimp farm of Sonora, including the nutrient sources not measured in other studies, showed that during one production cycle this farm discharged 547 kg N·ha -1 and 73 kg P·ha -1 , with respective net exports of 122 kg N·ha -1 and 14 kg P·ha -1 . Based on the results of this study, the recalculated totals for Sinaloa and Sonora, including rivers, agricultural runoff, and urban wastewater were 77,007.7 and 38,108.3 tons of N and P, and those of shrimp farms 3,556 tons of N and 620.7 tons of P (4.8 and 1.6%). The total discharges of 2003 may be estimated at 78,798.2 and 38,874.1 tons of N and P. In view of its high groth rate, the contributions of shrimp culture would be 10.1% and 3.3%.
The mangrove cockle Anadara grandis (Broderip and Sowerby, 1829) is a potential candidate for aqu... more The mangrove cockle Anadara grandis (Broderip and Sowerby, 1829) is a potential candidate for aquaculture and for bioremediation of aquaculture effluents in the tropical and subtropical coastal areas of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Laboratory-produced spat are available, but there is no information on their responses to the range of environmental conditions to which they might be subject during the growth cycle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the filtration and clearance rates of A. grandis spat (shell length 9.50±0.37 mm) with a food concentration � � ·�(7.5 mg∙l-1) � � � � � � � � � � º� � ������ � at four different temperatures (22, 25, 28 and 31 º C, with pH = 7.5±0.2 and O2 concentration of 6.4±0.5 mg·l-1; experiment one); and with a temperature � °� � � � � (25 ° C) and five concentrations of suspended matter (from 7.5 to 29 mg·l-1 and pH and O2 values of 7.9±0.2 and 6.8± 0.4 mg·l-1; experiment two). Filtration and clearance rates were highest at 25 º C and significantly different (p<.05) from those obtained at 22, 28 and 31 º C; the clearance rates had the same tendency but the differences were not significant (p >.05). In the second experiment filtration increased according to the amount of food available, but there were no significant differences (p>.05) between 7.5 and 11 mg·l-1 and from 22.4 to 29 mg·l-1. The trend was similar for clearance, and in this case significant differences were found (p<.05) between 7.5, 22.4 and 29 mg·l-1. Filtration at 31 ° C was close to 80% at the optimum temperature of 25 ° C, which indicates that A. grandis is a good candidate for tropical aquaculture. Clearance increased with high concentrations of suspended solids, but the production of biodeposits could be a source of environmental concern. Therefore, the possibility of using this species for bioremediation of aquaculture effluents should be studied with larger specimens and at higher seston concentrations.
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Papers by Anselmo Miranda