This paper is devoted to legal and linguistic accounts of the various problems concerned with mea... more This paper is devoted to legal and linguistic accounts of the various problems concerned with meaning and which are associated with the concept of the "multistage dynamic". This multistage dynamic is an open texture where central concepts or even key words are not satisfactorily defined and so lead to various possibilities of interpretation within space and time. This open texture operates at different levels. It is first visible in statutes where indeterminacy can be either voluntarily or involuntarily promoted (first level), but it is also central for the legal reasoning of judges who can decide to slightly modify then meanings of words / concepts or radically "implement" new meanings in their ratio decidendi (second level). I will first introduce the bases of the conceptual stages with a view to explaining how lawyers and/or judges construe statutory law (1) showing that specific bounded meaning is illusory and that only indeterminacy is possible; subsequently I will discuss indeterminacy with some of its applications by judges (2).
Le discours législatif fonde sa dynamique par la régle de droit qui emprunte ses modes d'orga... more Le discours législatif fonde sa dynamique par la régle de droit qui emprunte ses modes d'organisation de sens, à l'histoire de la Grande-Bretagne et sa codification, au langage issu de ces interférences. La construction, écrite et coutumière, génère des effets de rigidité par l'élaboration de prescriptions modélisées. L'organisation sémantique de son contenu permet, par la malléabilité d'usage du genre, d'offrir la fluidité rédactionnelle. La norme législative subit un réaménagement produisant un métalangage initiateur d'un savoir-faire dont les fondements prennent leurs sources dans l'histoire, l'espace et le temps présent. Cependant, l'utilisateur est confronté à la réécriture des prescriptions structurées par un emploi judicieux des pronoms et articles. Aussi cette souplesse apparente ne résiste pas à l'analyse sémiotique qui réordonne le sens des objets observés. La distanciation entre le discours et son application résulte de l'instrumentation sémantique et de ses effets récurrents ainsi que de la prise en compte d'une jurisprudence coutumière complexe.
International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique, 2015
Assurance de la qualité en traduction juridique: l'évaluation du processus, de la compétence et d... more Assurance de la qualité en traduction juridique: l'évaluation du processus, de la compétence et du produit dans la quête de l'équivalence. Le professeur Prieto Ramos propose un modèle holistique pour assurer la qualité de l'évaluation en traduction juridique. Fondée sur un cadre fonctionnaliste de la prise de décision, cette démarche passe par l'établissement d'une stratégie d'adéquation basée sur les paramètres juridiques et contextuels impliqués dans le processus de la traduction, de son produit au stade de l'auto-révision et de l'évaluation, et dans la définition des critères d'évaluation et de la compétence attendus des traducteurs et des réviseurs. Ce modèle d'évaluation de la qualité devrait permettre d'améliorer la prédictibilité tout en réduisant la subjectivité et de hausser les standards de la pratique professionnelle de la traduction.
International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique, 2015
En 1979, la revue Meta publiait, sous la direction de Jean-Claude Gémar, un numéro spécial (24-1)... more En 1979, la revue Meta publiait, sous la direction de Jean-Claude Gémar, un numéro spécial (24-1) consacré, pour une première fois, à la traduction juridique comme activité et discipline autonomes au sein de la jeune traductologie [8]. Ce numéro reste une référence devant la persévérance et la rigueur manifestées par le Bureau des traductions d'alors et l'action, inspirée et audacieuse, du ministère de la Justice du Canada (la «corédaction»), qui laissaient entrevoir l'avènement d'une «jurilinguistique» en gestation. Cette tentative de refrancisation du langage du droit canadien par le biais de lois bilingues, corédigées et non plus traduites, allait connaître une fortune peu commune. L'exemple canadien et son modèle de «lisibilité» de la loi se sont en effet répandus, inspirant de nombreux É tats aux quatre coins du monde. Quelques années plus tard, en 1982, le Conseil de la langue française du Québec publiait, sous la direction de J-C Gémar, un ouvrage collectif bilingue traitant cette fois-ci de la «jurilinguistique» en tant que telle: Langage du droit et traduction. Essais de jurilinguistique [7]. Ce terme apparaissait pour la première fois dans une publication à vocation scientifique. Plusieurs éminentes personnalités du droit
ABSTRACT This chapter will explore the way that French stamps (intermedial texts) over the last t... more ABSTRACT This chapter will explore the way that French stamps (intermedial texts) over the last two centuries reflect the problems of constructing national identity in a small country with rich and heterogeneous cultural, legal backgrounds. Taking the Peircean principle of the triadic structure of semiosis as a theoretical frame, this chapter focuses in particular on the role of historical, cultural and linguistic interpretants in the reading process of stamps. The classification and interpretation of ‘interme- dial texts’ (i.e. texts combining words and images) depend on the point of view taken in the context of communication, which implies either the production or the reception of such texts. Production is in some cases simultaneous (posters, comic strips, advertisements) and in others consecutive (art criticism, ekphrasis, illustra- tions). The reception of an intermedial text is mostly simultaneous (illustrations, posters, advertisements) and in some particular cases (art criticism, ekphrasis) con- secutive. Based on these criteria – simultaneity and consecutiveness – a distinc- tion can be made between different degrees of interweaving word and image in intermedial discourse. A third criterion, that of distinctiveness (i.e. the physical pos- sibility of separating word and image), can be applied. The commemorative stamps, almost always an intermedial discourse, demonstrate perfectly the descriptive power of the theory proposed here, at the same time as it illustrates the specific artistic creativity evident in each stamp. An analysis of word and image relations in a corpus of contemporary French stamps supports the validity of the categories of intermedial discourse suggested and the possibility of combining them in a single commemorative stamp.
The political and civil laws of each nation. .. should be adapted in such a manner to the people ... more The political and civil laws of each nation. .. should be adapted in such a manner to the people for whom they are framed that it should be a great chance if those of one nation suit another.-Montesquieu (The Spirit of Laws)
International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique, 2013
This paper explores the role and impact of advertising in the French urban planning on citizens’ ... more This paper explores the role and impact of advertising in the French urban planning on citizens’ perception with a close examination of the implications and connections between citizens and outdoor advertising. Significant changes in quantity and form of outdoor advertising have been defined under French regulations. Our knowledge is now mass mediated in public spaces. More and more visible and gargantuan advertising signs surround and even invade our environment for strict commercial benefits. The ‘invasion’ of commercial signs can be compared to a visual pollution affecting our perception, autonomy in thinking and health depending on the part of the population being considered.
International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique, 2013
Je suivais mon objet sans former de dessein; je ne connaissais ni les règles ni les exceptions; j... more Je suivais mon objet sans former de dessein; je ne connaissais ni les règles ni les exceptions; je ne trouvais la lumière que pour la perdre. (Montesquieu, L'Esprit des Lois) The Speculative Rhetoric aspect of the study of signs and their processes, interrelations and forces becomes a kind of alchemical crucible for the transformation of traditional meaning of terms, such that the older rhetorical strategies assume unprecedented function and representation. The older notion of a rhetorical invention becomes a process tantamount to the creating of a new reality: an emergent worldfact. [37: 18] Conceptualizing two distinctive cultural elements has become a significant framework in legal discourse analysis and legal translation. It strives for rational clarity, objective justification and textual precision. Indeed, materialization is an act of cross-cultural communication, which implies matching cultural elements of two different languages rather than only considering the linguistic elements: New disciplines emerge not only as knowledge grows and spreads but also as power relations and reputations change within academia. Historically, new disciplines have often emerged at the interface of existing ones, and so at first they inevitably have the nature of interdisciplines. […] Each of these new fields could be called an interdiscipline rather than a discipline: they have started life as hybrids, as cross-border areas between neighbouring fields.
International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique, 2021
In our research project, we will elaborate Charles Sanders Peirce's three philosophical categorie... more In our research project, we will elaborate Charles Sanders Peirce's three philosophical categories, and show how these categories operate at the levels of Protection, Regulation and Identity in the process of sign-meaning and sign-making within Cultural Heritage, Law and Discourse. The process of semiosis comprises a triadic dimension between signs, their functions and interpretations, operating on four axes within our special issue: Theoretical Cultural Heritage Issue (1st axis), Cultural Heritage and Postcolonialism (2nd axis), Intertwined Notions of Heritage and Culture (3rd axis), and Protection of Cultural Heritage (4th axis).
International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique, 2021
As authors, we recognize the scientific foundations for implementing social distancing in prevent... more As authors, we recognize the scientific foundations for implementing social distancing in preventing the spread of Covid-19. Yet, we also recognize fundamental changes to the socio-legal discourse of everyday life that we research. We see legalized space itself as the foundation for social relationships significantly impacted through the 'new normal' of social/physical distancing guidelines. This paper will explore the positionalities of bodies that contribute to the transformation of cultural spaces and social interactions against the legalized backdrop of combatting viral spread of Covid-19 in the United States, France, and Poland.
Measuring racial discrimination is virtually impossible. Yet, just speaking about it acknowledges... more Measuring racial discrimination is virtually impossible. Yet, just speaking about it acknowledges its existence, even such discrimination may go against tolerance, equality and respect for the rights of others without reference to their identity, origin or associations. These values constitute, among other things, the fundamental principles of a States of laws.One would hope that, the mere declaration of equal rights should allow the creation of a certain harmony within human society. But some people are not concerned with respect and daily commit racist acts. In this respect, according to race relation specialists, such behaviours originate from two different lines of logic, the resultant acts differing depending on which line they follow.
Translating (and so construing a specialized source text) means producing a functional text in a ... more Translating (and so construing a specialized source text) means producing a functional text in a linguaculture target text that is needed for specific communicative purposes by processing the information given in a previous text in a different linguaculture source text. Consequently, the comparison of legal texts and terms from English to French inevitably involves a theory of equivalence-if ever possible. The aim of this article is to review the various hindrances or pitfalls in legal translation and also a possible theory of how to avoid misunderstandings between the source and the target texts.
This paper is devoted to legal and linguistic accounts of the various problems concerned with mea... more This paper is devoted to legal and linguistic accounts of the various problems concerned with meaning and which are associated with the concept of the "multistage dynamic". This multistage dynamic is an open texture where central concepts or even key words are not satisfactorily defined and so lead to various possibilities of interpretation within space and time. This open texture operates at different levels. It is first visible in statutes where indeterminacy can be either voluntarily or involuntarily promoted (first level), but it is also central for the legal reasoning of judges who can decide to slightly modify then meanings of words / concepts or radically "implement" new meanings in their ratio decidendi (second level). I will first introduce the bases of the conceptual stages with a view to explaining how lawyers and/or judges construe statutory law (1) showing that specific bounded meaning is illusory and that only indeterminacy is possible; subsequently I will discuss indeterminacy with some of its applications by judges (2).
Le discours législatif fonde sa dynamique par la régle de droit qui emprunte ses modes d'orga... more Le discours législatif fonde sa dynamique par la régle de droit qui emprunte ses modes d'organisation de sens, à l'histoire de la Grande-Bretagne et sa codification, au langage issu de ces interférences. La construction, écrite et coutumière, génère des effets de rigidité par l'élaboration de prescriptions modélisées. L'organisation sémantique de son contenu permet, par la malléabilité d'usage du genre, d'offrir la fluidité rédactionnelle. La norme législative subit un réaménagement produisant un métalangage initiateur d'un savoir-faire dont les fondements prennent leurs sources dans l'histoire, l'espace et le temps présent. Cependant, l'utilisateur est confronté à la réécriture des prescriptions structurées par un emploi judicieux des pronoms et articles. Aussi cette souplesse apparente ne résiste pas à l'analyse sémiotique qui réordonne le sens des objets observés. La distanciation entre le discours et son application résulte de l'instrumentation sémantique et de ses effets récurrents ainsi que de la prise en compte d'une jurisprudence coutumière complexe.
International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique, 2015
Assurance de la qualité en traduction juridique: l'évaluation du processus, de la compétence et d... more Assurance de la qualité en traduction juridique: l'évaluation du processus, de la compétence et du produit dans la quête de l'équivalence. Le professeur Prieto Ramos propose un modèle holistique pour assurer la qualité de l'évaluation en traduction juridique. Fondée sur un cadre fonctionnaliste de la prise de décision, cette démarche passe par l'établissement d'une stratégie d'adéquation basée sur les paramètres juridiques et contextuels impliqués dans le processus de la traduction, de son produit au stade de l'auto-révision et de l'évaluation, et dans la définition des critères d'évaluation et de la compétence attendus des traducteurs et des réviseurs. Ce modèle d'évaluation de la qualité devrait permettre d'améliorer la prédictibilité tout en réduisant la subjectivité et de hausser les standards de la pratique professionnelle de la traduction.
International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique, 2015
En 1979, la revue Meta publiait, sous la direction de Jean-Claude Gémar, un numéro spécial (24-1)... more En 1979, la revue Meta publiait, sous la direction de Jean-Claude Gémar, un numéro spécial (24-1) consacré, pour une première fois, à la traduction juridique comme activité et discipline autonomes au sein de la jeune traductologie [8]. Ce numéro reste une référence devant la persévérance et la rigueur manifestées par le Bureau des traductions d'alors et l'action, inspirée et audacieuse, du ministère de la Justice du Canada (la «corédaction»), qui laissaient entrevoir l'avènement d'une «jurilinguistique» en gestation. Cette tentative de refrancisation du langage du droit canadien par le biais de lois bilingues, corédigées et non plus traduites, allait connaître une fortune peu commune. L'exemple canadien et son modèle de «lisibilité» de la loi se sont en effet répandus, inspirant de nombreux É tats aux quatre coins du monde. Quelques années plus tard, en 1982, le Conseil de la langue française du Québec publiait, sous la direction de J-C Gémar, un ouvrage collectif bilingue traitant cette fois-ci de la «jurilinguistique» en tant que telle: Langage du droit et traduction. Essais de jurilinguistique [7]. Ce terme apparaissait pour la première fois dans une publication à vocation scientifique. Plusieurs éminentes personnalités du droit
ABSTRACT This chapter will explore the way that French stamps (intermedial texts) over the last t... more ABSTRACT This chapter will explore the way that French stamps (intermedial texts) over the last two centuries reflect the problems of constructing national identity in a small country with rich and heterogeneous cultural, legal backgrounds. Taking the Peircean principle of the triadic structure of semiosis as a theoretical frame, this chapter focuses in particular on the role of historical, cultural and linguistic interpretants in the reading process of stamps. The classification and interpretation of ‘interme- dial texts’ (i.e. texts combining words and images) depend on the point of view taken in the context of communication, which implies either the production or the reception of such texts. Production is in some cases simultaneous (posters, comic strips, advertisements) and in others consecutive (art criticism, ekphrasis, illustra- tions). The reception of an intermedial text is mostly simultaneous (illustrations, posters, advertisements) and in some particular cases (art criticism, ekphrasis) con- secutive. Based on these criteria – simultaneity and consecutiveness – a distinc- tion can be made between different degrees of interweaving word and image in intermedial discourse. A third criterion, that of distinctiveness (i.e. the physical pos- sibility of separating word and image), can be applied. The commemorative stamps, almost always an intermedial discourse, demonstrate perfectly the descriptive power of the theory proposed here, at the same time as it illustrates the specific artistic creativity evident in each stamp. An analysis of word and image relations in a corpus of contemporary French stamps supports the validity of the categories of intermedial discourse suggested and the possibility of combining them in a single commemorative stamp.
The political and civil laws of each nation. .. should be adapted in such a manner to the people ... more The political and civil laws of each nation. .. should be adapted in such a manner to the people for whom they are framed that it should be a great chance if those of one nation suit another.-Montesquieu (The Spirit of Laws)
International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique, 2013
This paper explores the role and impact of advertising in the French urban planning on citizens’ ... more This paper explores the role and impact of advertising in the French urban planning on citizens’ perception with a close examination of the implications and connections between citizens and outdoor advertising. Significant changes in quantity and form of outdoor advertising have been defined under French regulations. Our knowledge is now mass mediated in public spaces. More and more visible and gargantuan advertising signs surround and even invade our environment for strict commercial benefits. The ‘invasion’ of commercial signs can be compared to a visual pollution affecting our perception, autonomy in thinking and health depending on the part of the population being considered.
International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique, 2013
Je suivais mon objet sans former de dessein; je ne connaissais ni les règles ni les exceptions; j... more Je suivais mon objet sans former de dessein; je ne connaissais ni les règles ni les exceptions; je ne trouvais la lumière que pour la perdre. (Montesquieu, L'Esprit des Lois) The Speculative Rhetoric aspect of the study of signs and their processes, interrelations and forces becomes a kind of alchemical crucible for the transformation of traditional meaning of terms, such that the older rhetorical strategies assume unprecedented function and representation. The older notion of a rhetorical invention becomes a process tantamount to the creating of a new reality: an emergent worldfact. [37: 18] Conceptualizing two distinctive cultural elements has become a significant framework in legal discourse analysis and legal translation. It strives for rational clarity, objective justification and textual precision. Indeed, materialization is an act of cross-cultural communication, which implies matching cultural elements of two different languages rather than only considering the linguistic elements: New disciplines emerge not only as knowledge grows and spreads but also as power relations and reputations change within academia. Historically, new disciplines have often emerged at the interface of existing ones, and so at first they inevitably have the nature of interdisciplines. […] Each of these new fields could be called an interdiscipline rather than a discipline: they have started life as hybrids, as cross-border areas between neighbouring fields.
International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique, 2021
In our research project, we will elaborate Charles Sanders Peirce's three philosophical categorie... more In our research project, we will elaborate Charles Sanders Peirce's three philosophical categories, and show how these categories operate at the levels of Protection, Regulation and Identity in the process of sign-meaning and sign-making within Cultural Heritage, Law and Discourse. The process of semiosis comprises a triadic dimension between signs, their functions and interpretations, operating on four axes within our special issue: Theoretical Cultural Heritage Issue (1st axis), Cultural Heritage and Postcolonialism (2nd axis), Intertwined Notions of Heritage and Culture (3rd axis), and Protection of Cultural Heritage (4th axis).
International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique, 2021
As authors, we recognize the scientific foundations for implementing social distancing in prevent... more As authors, we recognize the scientific foundations for implementing social distancing in preventing the spread of Covid-19. Yet, we also recognize fundamental changes to the socio-legal discourse of everyday life that we research. We see legalized space itself as the foundation for social relationships significantly impacted through the 'new normal' of social/physical distancing guidelines. This paper will explore the positionalities of bodies that contribute to the transformation of cultural spaces and social interactions against the legalized backdrop of combatting viral spread of Covid-19 in the United States, France, and Poland.
Measuring racial discrimination is virtually impossible. Yet, just speaking about it acknowledges... more Measuring racial discrimination is virtually impossible. Yet, just speaking about it acknowledges its existence, even such discrimination may go against tolerance, equality and respect for the rights of others without reference to their identity, origin or associations. These values constitute, among other things, the fundamental principles of a States of laws.One would hope that, the mere declaration of equal rights should allow the creation of a certain harmony within human society. But some people are not concerned with respect and daily commit racist acts. In this respect, according to race relation specialists, such behaviours originate from two different lines of logic, the resultant acts differing depending on which line they follow.
Translating (and so construing a specialized source text) means producing a functional text in a ... more Translating (and so construing a specialized source text) means producing a functional text in a linguaculture target text that is needed for specific communicative purposes by processing the information given in a previous text in a different linguaculture source text. Consequently, the comparison of legal texts and terms from English to French inevitably involves a theory of equivalence-if ever possible. The aim of this article is to review the various hindrances or pitfalls in legal translation and also a possible theory of how to avoid misunderstandings between the source and the target texts.
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Papers by Anne Wagner