International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Jul 22, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Nanoparticles obtained during layer-by-layer chemical deposition have been obtained. The particle... more Nanoparticles obtained during layer-by-layer chemical deposition have been obtained. The particles diameter varied between 5 nm and 9 nm and can be tuned by changing molarity of the synthesis ingredients. The intention was the creation of copper or iron oxide layer during the process. Layer composition were changed using Cu rich or Fe rich ingredients. Magnetic properties of the particles strongly depend on the composition of covered material, indicating for their core-shell structure.
Journal of surfaces and interfaces of materials, Mar 1, 2014
ABSTRACT In the present work it is reported the method of preparation of the magnetic core–shell ... more ABSTRACT In the present work it is reported the method of preparation of the magnetic core–shell nanoparticles Fe3O4-core and silver-shell. Functionalization of particle surface by hexadecanethiol was provided. Effect of immobilization by two enzymes (trypsin and glucose oxidase) to core–shell nanoparticles was tested. The resulting nanoparticles were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infra-red spectroscopy (IR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
ABSTRACT We have succeeded in synthesizing orthorhombic Ga(1−x)Fe(1+x)O3 (−0.05 x0.5), hexagonal ... more ABSTRACT We have succeeded in synthesizing orthorhombic Ga(1−x)Fe(1+x)O3 (−0.05 x0.5), hexagonal GayFe(2−y)O3 (0y1.8) and cubic Ga(1+z)Fe(2−z)O4 (−0.1z0.8) nanograins of gallium ferrites using conventional precursors and an organic environment of Pechini scenario under atmospheric-pressure conditions (SG method). Phase composition and homogeneity were analyzed using X-ray diffraction. Small angle neutron scattering disclosed ellipsoidal particle shapes of gallium iron oxides (GFO) crystallizing in orthorhombic (o-GFO) and hexagonal (h-GFO) symmetry and parallelepiped shapes of Ga(1+y)Fe(2−y)O4 (c-GFO) grains. Despite local agglomeration among the magnetic grains, the scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images point to faced-elliptical shapes. The Mössbauer spectroscopy with magnetization measurements was carried out in the temperature range of 5–295 K. The analysis of gallium ferrites magnetism demonstrates that iron atoms locate with various probabilities in crystallographic positions and the spontaneous magnetization preserves up to room temperature (RT).
Electron transfer processes for selected redox systems (ferrocene 0/ , decamethylferrocene 0/ , N... more Electron transfer processes for selected redox systems (ferrocene 0/ , decamethylferrocene 0/ , N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine 0/ , 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-quinonedimethane 0/À/2À , cobaltocene 0/ , C 60 0/À , and benzoquinone 0/À) at electrodes modified by precipitation of electrochemically inactive [M III (bpy) 3 ](ClO 4) 3 (M Co and Fe, bpy 2,2'bipyridine) layers have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies. The mediation of heterogeneous electron transfer is observed for these systems. For an electrode modified with [M III (bpy) 3 ](ClO 4) 3 , the rate of the electrocatalytic mediation process depends on the formal potential of the redox system. If the formal potential of the redox system is close to the potential of [Co II (bpy) 3 ] 2 oxidation (as is the case with the decamethylferrocene 0/ , N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine 0/ and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinonedimethane 0/À systems), the rate of the electrode reaction is limited by the rate of the chemical reduction of the [Co III (bpy) 3 ](ClO 4) 3 solid phase by the reduced form of redox couple. For C 60 and benzoquinone, which have more negative formal potentials for reduction, the rate of diffusion of the electroactive reactant to the electrode surface limits the rate of electrode process. The kinetics of mediated electrocatalysis are also affected by the solvent. In the case of the Fe(III)-based layer, the diffusion of the electroactive reactant in the solution is the rate determining step for the catalytic process at the modified electrode for all studied systems. Electrodes modified with [Fe III (bpy) 3 ](ClO 4) 3 have been used for the quantitative determination of electroactive compounds. For ferrocene and decamethylferrocene, a linear relationship between the catalytic reduction current and the concentration of reactant in the solution has been observed over the concentration range from 1 to 50 mM.
The aim of this study was to develop orally disintegrated tablets (ODT) with loratadine using Par... more The aim of this study was to develop orally disintegrated tablets (ODT) with loratadine using Parteck ODT and Ludiflash--new commercially available tableting excipients based on co-processed mannitol. ODT containing loratadine were prepared with 3% addition of various superdisintegrants (AcDiSol, Kollidon CL-F and Kollidon CL-SF) by direct compression method. Obtained tablets were characterized for friability, pore structure, and wetting and disintegration time measured by four independents methods. In order to identify possible interactions between loratadine and the excipients, differential scanning calorimetry was used. The results showed that all formulated ODT were characterized by appropriate mechanical properties (friability < 1%), the uniform content of the drug substance and pleasant mouth feeling. Disintegration time below 30 s was observed in formulations with crospovidones as disintegrant.
Surface investigation: x-ray, synchrotron and neutron techniques, Oct 1, 2020
New data on gallium ferrite particles are reported. The results of studies of Fe 3 O 4 /Ga x Fe 3... more New data on gallium ferrite particles are reported. The results of studies of Fe 3 O 4 /Ga x Fe 3-x O 4 and Ga x Fe 3-x O 4 /Fe 3 O 4 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) nanoparticles by X-ray and neutron diffraction, small angle neutron scattering, transmission electron microscopy, magnetization measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The cubic core-shell ferrites structures were confirmed as single phases with a cell parameter of ∼8.388 Å independent of gallium content. The lack of preferences in occupancies of gallium sites was confirmed. The magnetic structure at room temperature, the stability of a disaggregated dispersion of nanoparticles in the temperature range 20-50°C, the radii of the cores, and the thickness of the coating layers, as well as the specific absorption of electromagnetic radiation rates were characterized.
This study shows the influence of selected nonstandard surfactants on the growth and properties o... more This study shows the influence of selected nonstandard surfactants on the growth and properties of magnetite nanoparticles. Particles were obtained using thermally decomposed iron (III) acetylacetonate in an organic environment. For synthesis, three different concentrations (4, 8, and 16 mmol) of tested surfactants were used. Five types of each long-chain carboxylic acid and amines were selected for stabilization of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. Magnetic properties of the nanoparticles were tested by conventional room temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy with and without external magnetic field. TEM images clearly showed that application of tertiary amines causes the nanoparticles to form nanoflowers, in contrast to other compounds, which do not show such growth. Influence of surfactant amount on growth regime depends on the nature of the substances. Mössbauer spectroscopy confirms differences in magnetic core composition as a result of the surfactant amount present in synthetic procedure.
The main advantage of the application of cyclic chronopotentiometry (CCP) in end-column CE detect... more The main advantage of the application of cyclic chronopotentiometry (CCP) in end-column CE detection arises from the fact that the detection parameters and the magnitude of the analytical signal are (in contrast with other electrochemical detection methods) independent of the ohmic polarization of the solution caused by the separation current at the detection end of the capillary. CCP was used to determine sugars on platinum and gold microelectrodes after separation by CE. The results obtained with a gold microelectrode were better. Subsequently this detection method was used for quantitative determination of sugars in honeys and for their authentication.
A series of erbium doped SGS antimony-germanate glass embedding silver (Ag 0) nanoparticles have ... more A series of erbium doped SGS antimony-germanate glass embedding silver (Ag 0) nanoparticles have been synthesized by a one-step melt-quench thermochemical reduction technique. The effect of NPs concentration and annealing time on the structural and photoluminescent (PL) properties were investigated. The Raman spectra as a function of temperature measured in-situ allow to determine the structural changes in vicinity of Ag þ ions and confirmed thermochemical reduction of Ag þ ions by Sb 3þ ions. The surface plasmon resonance absorption band was evidenced near 450 nm. The impact of local field effect generated by Ag 0 nanoparticles (NPs) and energy transfer from surface of silver NPs to trivalent erbium ions on near-infrared and up-conversion luminescence was described in terms of enhancement and quench phenomena.
Taste of a pharmaceutical formulation is an important parameter for the effectiveness of pharmaco... more Taste of a pharmaceutical formulation is an important parameter for the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy. Cetirizine dihydrochloride (CET) is a second-generation antihistamine that is commonly administered in allergy treatment. CET is characterized by extremely bitter taste and it is a great challenge to successfully mask its taste; therefore the goal of this work was to formulate and characterize the microparticles obtained by the spray drying method with CET and poly(butyl methacrylate-co-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate 1:2:1 copolymer (Eudragit E PO) as a barrier coating. Assessment of taste masking by the electronic tongue has revealed that designed formulations created an effective taste masking barrier. Taste masking effect was also confirmed by the in vivo model and the in vitro release profile of CET. Obtained data have shown that microparticles with a drug/polymer ratio (0.5:1) are promising CET carriers with efficient taste masking potential and might be further used in designing orodispersible dosage forms with CET.
Mucoadhesive gelling systems based on chitosan and chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) were develo... more Mucoadhesive gelling systems based on chitosan and chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) were developed in order to increase clotrimazole residence time in the vaginal cavity. Ex vivo mucoadhesiveness using porcine vaginal mucosa followed with mechanical, viscoelastic, and swelling properties of prepared hydrogels were evaluated. Drug-free, sterile, unmodified, and β-GP crosslinked chitosan were investigated for the in vitro cytotoxicity in CRL 2616 human vaginal mucosa cells using MTT assay, fluorescent microscopy, and flow cytometry analysis. Chitosan/β-GP hydrogels exhibited pseudoplastic and thixotropic properties. Ionic interaction between β-GP and chitosan improved mechanical properties of hydrogels in terms of hardness, cohesiveness, and compressibility. The hydrogels' ability to interact with porcine vaginal mucosa (measured as force of detachment and work of adhesion) was comparable to those obtained with reference mucoadhesive gel Replens™. Surprisingly, greater mucoadhesive properties were noticed for chitosan/β-GP hydrogels. The cytotoxic effect of unmodified and β-GP crosslinked chitosan was hardly affected by chitosan molecular weight, exhibited mainly through inducing apoptosis, and was found to be significantly lower in the presence of chitosan/β-GP. Furthermore, the higher amount of β-GP was used to crosslink chitosan, the lower cytotoxic effect was observed.
Abstract The aim of this paper was to synthesize sulfonated polyaniline nanotubes (s-PANI-NTs) de... more Abstract The aim of this paper was to synthesize sulfonated polyaniline nanotubes (s-PANI-NTs) decorated with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and explore their use as an electrode material in supercapacitors. Spectroscopic (FTIR, Raman, UV–vis, XPS) studies confirmed the presence of both components in the composite, while microscopic (SEM, TEM) analysis proved that the tubular morphological form of PANI was obtained. Moreover, TEM images showed that the decoration of the s-PANI-NT surface with GQDs resulted in the smoothing of the outer part of the polymer wall. Consequently, a higher dispersibility of the s-PANI-NTs/GQDs composite was achieved. A theoretical investigation of the interactions between PANI chains and GQDs was also performed. Furthermore, voltammetric and impedance spectroscopy studies showed that, in the selected concentration range, modification of s-PANI-NTs with GQDs improved the electrochemical properties of the synthesized material. The large BET specific surface area (44.5 m²⋅g−1) and high specific capacitance (245 F⋅g−1) calculated for the optimal s-PANI-NTs/GQDs composite confirmed that the obtained material can be applied in energy storage systems.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Sep 1, 2019
Could spray-dried microbeads with chitosan glutamate be considered as promising vaginal microbici... more Could spray-dried microbeads with chitosan glutamate be considered as promising vaginal microbicide carriers? The effect of process variables on the in vitro functional and physicochemical characteristics,
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Jul 22, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Nanoparticles obtained during layer-by-layer chemical deposition have been obtained. The particle... more Nanoparticles obtained during layer-by-layer chemical deposition have been obtained. The particles diameter varied between 5 nm and 9 nm and can be tuned by changing molarity of the synthesis ingredients. The intention was the creation of copper or iron oxide layer during the process. Layer composition were changed using Cu rich or Fe rich ingredients. Magnetic properties of the particles strongly depend on the composition of covered material, indicating for their core-shell structure.
Journal of surfaces and interfaces of materials, Mar 1, 2014
ABSTRACT In the present work it is reported the method of preparation of the magnetic core–shell ... more ABSTRACT In the present work it is reported the method of preparation of the magnetic core–shell nanoparticles Fe3O4-core and silver-shell. Functionalization of particle surface by hexadecanethiol was provided. Effect of immobilization by two enzymes (trypsin and glucose oxidase) to core–shell nanoparticles was tested. The resulting nanoparticles were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infra-red spectroscopy (IR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
ABSTRACT We have succeeded in synthesizing orthorhombic Ga(1−x)Fe(1+x)O3 (−0.05 x0.5), hexagonal ... more ABSTRACT We have succeeded in synthesizing orthorhombic Ga(1−x)Fe(1+x)O3 (−0.05 x0.5), hexagonal GayFe(2−y)O3 (0y1.8) and cubic Ga(1+z)Fe(2−z)O4 (−0.1z0.8) nanograins of gallium ferrites using conventional precursors and an organic environment of Pechini scenario under atmospheric-pressure conditions (SG method). Phase composition and homogeneity were analyzed using X-ray diffraction. Small angle neutron scattering disclosed ellipsoidal particle shapes of gallium iron oxides (GFO) crystallizing in orthorhombic (o-GFO) and hexagonal (h-GFO) symmetry and parallelepiped shapes of Ga(1+y)Fe(2−y)O4 (c-GFO) grains. Despite local agglomeration among the magnetic grains, the scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images point to faced-elliptical shapes. The Mössbauer spectroscopy with magnetization measurements was carried out in the temperature range of 5–295 K. The analysis of gallium ferrites magnetism demonstrates that iron atoms locate with various probabilities in crystallographic positions and the spontaneous magnetization preserves up to room temperature (RT).
Electron transfer processes for selected redox systems (ferrocene 0/ , decamethylferrocene 0/ , N... more Electron transfer processes for selected redox systems (ferrocene 0/ , decamethylferrocene 0/ , N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine 0/ , 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-quinonedimethane 0/À/2À , cobaltocene 0/ , C 60 0/À , and benzoquinone 0/À) at electrodes modified by precipitation of electrochemically inactive [M III (bpy) 3 ](ClO 4) 3 (M Co and Fe, bpy 2,2'bipyridine) layers have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies. The mediation of heterogeneous electron transfer is observed for these systems. For an electrode modified with [M III (bpy) 3 ](ClO 4) 3 , the rate of the electrocatalytic mediation process depends on the formal potential of the redox system. If the formal potential of the redox system is close to the potential of [Co II (bpy) 3 ] 2 oxidation (as is the case with the decamethylferrocene 0/ , N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine 0/ and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinonedimethane 0/À systems), the rate of the electrode reaction is limited by the rate of the chemical reduction of the [Co III (bpy) 3 ](ClO 4) 3 solid phase by the reduced form of redox couple. For C 60 and benzoquinone, which have more negative formal potentials for reduction, the rate of diffusion of the electroactive reactant to the electrode surface limits the rate of electrode process. The kinetics of mediated electrocatalysis are also affected by the solvent. In the case of the Fe(III)-based layer, the diffusion of the electroactive reactant in the solution is the rate determining step for the catalytic process at the modified electrode for all studied systems. Electrodes modified with [Fe III (bpy) 3 ](ClO 4) 3 have been used for the quantitative determination of electroactive compounds. For ferrocene and decamethylferrocene, a linear relationship between the catalytic reduction current and the concentration of reactant in the solution has been observed over the concentration range from 1 to 50 mM.
The aim of this study was to develop orally disintegrated tablets (ODT) with loratadine using Par... more The aim of this study was to develop orally disintegrated tablets (ODT) with loratadine using Parteck ODT and Ludiflash--new commercially available tableting excipients based on co-processed mannitol. ODT containing loratadine were prepared with 3% addition of various superdisintegrants (AcDiSol, Kollidon CL-F and Kollidon CL-SF) by direct compression method. Obtained tablets were characterized for friability, pore structure, and wetting and disintegration time measured by four independents methods. In order to identify possible interactions between loratadine and the excipients, differential scanning calorimetry was used. The results showed that all formulated ODT were characterized by appropriate mechanical properties (friability < 1%), the uniform content of the drug substance and pleasant mouth feeling. Disintegration time below 30 s was observed in formulations with crospovidones as disintegrant.
Surface investigation: x-ray, synchrotron and neutron techniques, Oct 1, 2020
New data on gallium ferrite particles are reported. The results of studies of Fe 3 O 4 /Ga x Fe 3... more New data on gallium ferrite particles are reported. The results of studies of Fe 3 O 4 /Ga x Fe 3-x O 4 and Ga x Fe 3-x O 4 /Fe 3 O 4 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) nanoparticles by X-ray and neutron diffraction, small angle neutron scattering, transmission electron microscopy, magnetization measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The cubic core-shell ferrites structures were confirmed as single phases with a cell parameter of ∼8.388 Å independent of gallium content. The lack of preferences in occupancies of gallium sites was confirmed. The magnetic structure at room temperature, the stability of a disaggregated dispersion of nanoparticles in the temperature range 20-50°C, the radii of the cores, and the thickness of the coating layers, as well as the specific absorption of electromagnetic radiation rates were characterized.
This study shows the influence of selected nonstandard surfactants on the growth and properties o... more This study shows the influence of selected nonstandard surfactants on the growth and properties of magnetite nanoparticles. Particles were obtained using thermally decomposed iron (III) acetylacetonate in an organic environment. For synthesis, three different concentrations (4, 8, and 16 mmol) of tested surfactants were used. Five types of each long-chain carboxylic acid and amines were selected for stabilization of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. Magnetic properties of the nanoparticles were tested by conventional room temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy with and without external magnetic field. TEM images clearly showed that application of tertiary amines causes the nanoparticles to form nanoflowers, in contrast to other compounds, which do not show such growth. Influence of surfactant amount on growth regime depends on the nature of the substances. Mössbauer spectroscopy confirms differences in magnetic core composition as a result of the surfactant amount present in synthetic procedure.
The main advantage of the application of cyclic chronopotentiometry (CCP) in end-column CE detect... more The main advantage of the application of cyclic chronopotentiometry (CCP) in end-column CE detection arises from the fact that the detection parameters and the magnitude of the analytical signal are (in contrast with other electrochemical detection methods) independent of the ohmic polarization of the solution caused by the separation current at the detection end of the capillary. CCP was used to determine sugars on platinum and gold microelectrodes after separation by CE. The results obtained with a gold microelectrode were better. Subsequently this detection method was used for quantitative determination of sugars in honeys and for their authentication.
A series of erbium doped SGS antimony-germanate glass embedding silver (Ag 0) nanoparticles have ... more A series of erbium doped SGS antimony-germanate glass embedding silver (Ag 0) nanoparticles have been synthesized by a one-step melt-quench thermochemical reduction technique. The effect of NPs concentration and annealing time on the structural and photoluminescent (PL) properties were investigated. The Raman spectra as a function of temperature measured in-situ allow to determine the structural changes in vicinity of Ag þ ions and confirmed thermochemical reduction of Ag þ ions by Sb 3þ ions. The surface plasmon resonance absorption band was evidenced near 450 nm. The impact of local field effect generated by Ag 0 nanoparticles (NPs) and energy transfer from surface of silver NPs to trivalent erbium ions on near-infrared and up-conversion luminescence was described in terms of enhancement and quench phenomena.
Taste of a pharmaceutical formulation is an important parameter for the effectiveness of pharmaco... more Taste of a pharmaceutical formulation is an important parameter for the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy. Cetirizine dihydrochloride (CET) is a second-generation antihistamine that is commonly administered in allergy treatment. CET is characterized by extremely bitter taste and it is a great challenge to successfully mask its taste; therefore the goal of this work was to formulate and characterize the microparticles obtained by the spray drying method with CET and poly(butyl methacrylate-co-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate 1:2:1 copolymer (Eudragit E PO) as a barrier coating. Assessment of taste masking by the electronic tongue has revealed that designed formulations created an effective taste masking barrier. Taste masking effect was also confirmed by the in vivo model and the in vitro release profile of CET. Obtained data have shown that microparticles with a drug/polymer ratio (0.5:1) are promising CET carriers with efficient taste masking potential and might be further used in designing orodispersible dosage forms with CET.
Mucoadhesive gelling systems based on chitosan and chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) were develo... more Mucoadhesive gelling systems based on chitosan and chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) were developed in order to increase clotrimazole residence time in the vaginal cavity. Ex vivo mucoadhesiveness using porcine vaginal mucosa followed with mechanical, viscoelastic, and swelling properties of prepared hydrogels were evaluated. Drug-free, sterile, unmodified, and β-GP crosslinked chitosan were investigated for the in vitro cytotoxicity in CRL 2616 human vaginal mucosa cells using MTT assay, fluorescent microscopy, and flow cytometry analysis. Chitosan/β-GP hydrogels exhibited pseudoplastic and thixotropic properties. Ionic interaction between β-GP and chitosan improved mechanical properties of hydrogels in terms of hardness, cohesiveness, and compressibility. The hydrogels' ability to interact with porcine vaginal mucosa (measured as force of detachment and work of adhesion) was comparable to those obtained with reference mucoadhesive gel Replens™. Surprisingly, greater mucoadhesive properties were noticed for chitosan/β-GP hydrogels. The cytotoxic effect of unmodified and β-GP crosslinked chitosan was hardly affected by chitosan molecular weight, exhibited mainly through inducing apoptosis, and was found to be significantly lower in the presence of chitosan/β-GP. Furthermore, the higher amount of β-GP was used to crosslink chitosan, the lower cytotoxic effect was observed.
Abstract The aim of this paper was to synthesize sulfonated polyaniline nanotubes (s-PANI-NTs) de... more Abstract The aim of this paper was to synthesize sulfonated polyaniline nanotubes (s-PANI-NTs) decorated with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and explore their use as an electrode material in supercapacitors. Spectroscopic (FTIR, Raman, UV–vis, XPS) studies confirmed the presence of both components in the composite, while microscopic (SEM, TEM) analysis proved that the tubular morphological form of PANI was obtained. Moreover, TEM images showed that the decoration of the s-PANI-NT surface with GQDs resulted in the smoothing of the outer part of the polymer wall. Consequently, a higher dispersibility of the s-PANI-NTs/GQDs composite was achieved. A theoretical investigation of the interactions between PANI chains and GQDs was also performed. Furthermore, voltammetric and impedance spectroscopy studies showed that, in the selected concentration range, modification of s-PANI-NTs with GQDs improved the electrochemical properties of the synthesized material. The large BET specific surface area (44.5 m²⋅g−1) and high specific capacitance (245 F⋅g−1) calculated for the optimal s-PANI-NTs/GQDs composite confirmed that the obtained material can be applied in energy storage systems.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Sep 1, 2019
Could spray-dried microbeads with chitosan glutamate be considered as promising vaginal microbici... more Could spray-dried microbeads with chitosan glutamate be considered as promising vaginal microbicide carriers? The effect of process variables on the in vitro functional and physicochemical characteristics,
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