Papers by Anjana Reynolds
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
Introduction: Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) occurs as a sequela of adenoid hypertrophy. But mo... more Introduction: Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) occurs as a sequela of adenoid hypertrophy. But most often hearing loss due to OME goes unnoticed in children. This causes poor cognitive development, inattention and thus poor scholastic performance. Aim: To estimate the frequency of asymptomatic OME in children with adenoid hypertrophy and to find the association between adenoid size and occurrence of OME and hearing loss. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care centre in South India from November 2019 to November 2021. Children of 5-12 years of age, with symptoms suggestive of adenoid hypertrophy and with no complaints of hearing loss, were selected. A detailed ear, nose, throat examination, Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) and tympanometry were done in all patients. Adenoid size was graded by nasal endoscopy using Mc Murray and Clements scale and also based on radiographs (comparing the distance between maximum convexit...
International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 2020
Background: Chronic otitis media (COM) is characterized by ear discharge and hearing loss. There ... more Background: Chronic otitis media (COM) is characterized by ear discharge and hearing loss. There are two types of COM depending on the presence or absence of cholesteatoma. COM with cholesteatoma is termed as COM squamosal type and COM without cholesteatoma is termed COM mucosal type. COM squamosal type is associated with potential complications. If cholesteatoma is detected early, less invasive surgical methods can be used for hearing preservation and make ear safe from recurrent infections. A proper clinical examination can most often diagnose a cholesteatoma but require a high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan to assess the extent of the disease and potential complications. But most often the intra operative findings may not correlate with the HRCT findings. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical presentation of COM squamosal disease, preoperative HRCT and intra-operative findings and formulate a proper surgical intervention to avoid complications. Methods: T...
International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 2019
Background: Chronic otitis media (COM) mucosal type is characterised by recurrent ear discharge a... more Background: Chronic otitis media (COM) mucosal type is characterised by recurrent ear discharge and hearing loss secondary to tympanic membrane perforation. Type 1 tympanoplasty is the surgical option for its closure. The objective of this study is to record the site and size of tympanic membrane perforation, quantify the hearing loss with pure tone audiogram and to assess the hearing gain achieved following type 1 tympanoplasty with temporalis fascia graft.Methods: This prospective study comprises 120 patients of the age group of 15 to 60 years with COM who attended the otorhinolaryngology department, from June 2015 to May 2018. Site and size of perforation were assessed by the number of quadrants involved. Hearing loss was quantified by pure tone audiometry (PTA) pre-op and 3, 6 and 12 months post-op. The pure tone average with the air-bone gap (ABG) at 12 months is used for the assessment. Results: In this study, mean pure tone average pre-operatively for small, medium, large an...
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2017
BACKGROUND Nasal obstruction is the common symptom encountered by the Otorhinolaryngologist, whic... more BACKGROUND Nasal obstruction is the common symptom encountered by the Otorhinolaryngologist, which disturbs the quality of life of the patient. The anterior end of the inferior turbinate is the narrowest part of the nasal cavity. Hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate cause significant nasal obstruction. Surgery is the treatment of choice in hypertrophic inferior turbinate refractory to medi cal treatment. (1) There are a variety of surgical procedures for reduction of inferior turbinate hypertrophy, some of these are done targeting soft tissues of the turbinate, whereas others resects bony concha. In this prospective study, a comparison was made among the results of Partial Inferior Turbinectomy (PIT), Submucosal Diathermy (SMD) and Inferior Turbinate Bone Resection (ITBR) in patients with chronic nasal obstruction due to inferior turbinate hypertrophy, not responding to medical treatments. The cases were randomly divided into partial inferior turbinectomy group, submucosal diathermy group and inferior turbinate bone resection group. The study comprised of 114 patients divided into three groups, each of 38 patients. Patients were evaluated postoperatively at 1 st week, 1, 3 and 6 months and compared. Nasal obstruction, post-operative pain, intra-operative bleeding and crusting were the parameters recorded. The standard 4-point scale was used for bleeding and crusting. Rest of symptoms were assessed subjectively on visual analogue scale (0-10); statistical analysis was done by student's 't' test. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present prospective, randomised study was carried out at
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2016
BACKGROUND The study was aimed at finding out the bacteriology of the tonsillar surface and core,... more BACKGROUND The study was aimed at finding out the bacteriology of the tonsillar surface and core, in those patients undergoing tonsillectomy at a tertiary care hospital. The study was also planned to look for the antibiotic resistance pattern among organisms identified and to see whether a tonsillar surface swab can be used as a surrogate for finding out the aetiopathogenesis of tonsillar infections. METHODS This is a 2-year cross-sectional study of 100 patients undergoing who consented for the study, after taking a smear from the surface of the tonsil. Tonsillectomy was done by dissection and snare method. The core of the tonsil is then biopsied and microbiological culture and sensitivity is done. The bacteria were identified by morphology and staining characteristics and cultured using standard laboratory procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The data was digitalised using a data entry platform using Epidata and analysed using SPSS 16. Relativity between organism identified as the surface and core was tested using Chi-square tests and Kappa statistics. RESULTS There were significant differences between the organisms identified from the tonsillar surface and the core; out of the 200 specimens, only 48 showed a similar bacteriology. The viability between the surface and the core specimens were measured using Kappa statistics and was found to be 0.04, which shows a very poor agreement between them. Assessment of antibiotic sensitivity shows that Staph aureus was resistant to most of the commonly used antibiotics. H. influenza isolated showed 70% susceptibility to erythromycin and cotrimoxazole. While group A β haemolytic streptococci showed 95% susceptibility to ampicillin and 100% to erythromycin. CONCLUSION Staph. aureus, H. influenza, Streptococci pneumonia were the major pathogenesis identified from the tonsil of the patients undergoing tonsillectomy, and bacteriology was different between the tonsillar surface and the core. Also the staphylococcal showed high level of resistance towards first line antibiotics.
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2017
BACKGROUND The conventional treatment of dacryocystitis is external dacryocystorhinostomy. Its su... more BACKGROUND The conventional treatment of dacryocystitis is external dacryocystorhinostomy. Its success rate varies from 80-98%. 1-4 But patient's satisfaction was poor due to facial scar, disruption of medial canthus anatomy and dysfunction of lacrimal pump mechanism. Endoscopic DCR has neither facial scar nor any postoperative distortion of lacrimal pump mechanism and medial canthal anatomy. The objective of this study is to assess the surgical success rate and patient's satisfaction after endonasal endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). Study Design-This study was done at Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, between January 2012 and August 2016. There were 34 patients included in this study. Females are more commonly affected than males. Unilateral cases are more than bilateral cases. Their age ranges from 13-83 years. Mean age is 35 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients presented with epiphora or swelling below the medial canthus of eye with or without pain, mucopurulent regurgitation from the lacrimal sac into the eye on pressing the swelling. Five patients had concomitant deviated nasal septum, for which septoplasty was done along with DCR. The patency of nasolacrimal duct was assessed by syringing and diagnostic nasal endoscopy. RESULTS The success rate is comparable to other studies of endonasal DCR. The present study has a success rate of 97%. Advantages of endonasal DCR are: (1) There is no facial scar; (2) Preservation of lacrimal pump mechanism; and (3) Retention of medial canthal anatomy. CONCLUSION Endonasal endoscopic DCR overcomes all the drawbacks of external DCR and it is rapidly gaining recognition as a primary modality of treatment for dacryocystitis. Its success rate and patient's compliance rate are cent percent.
International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 2016
Background: Deviated nasal septum (DNS) is a common condition which affects most children and adu... more Background: Deviated nasal septum (DNS) is a common condition which affects most children and adults. Several surgical procedures are available for DNS. Endoscopic septoplasty is a minimally invasive surgical technique which can minimise trauma to the nasal septum and decrease post-operative morbidity. The present study was aimed to study the efficacy of septoplasty with endoscopic osteomeatal clearance, on headache due to sinusitis secondary to DNS. Methods: The study was longitudinal in nature and involved patients undergoing septoplasty with endoscopic osteomeatal clearance at Government Medical College Hospital, Kottayam, Kerala, India. Patients with significant nasal obstruction due to DNS, and having recurrent sinusitis causing headache, were included into the study. Patients were discharged after 3 days and were called up for review at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year and evaluated for change in headache as assessed by visual analogue score (VAS). Results: A total of 50 participants were enrolled into the study over a period of 2 years. Maxillary sinus was involved in almost 96% of the cases while frontal sinus was affected in 46% and ethmoid sinus in 50% of participants. Seventy four percent participants had subjective symptomatic improvement at 2 weeks after surgery. The mean (SD) VAS score pre-operatively was 6.54 (1.5) and it improved to 4.18 (1.8) at 2 weeks following surgery (p <0.05). Conclusions: Septoplasty with endoscopic osteomeatal clearance is a procedure which is highly efficacious and well tolerated in treating headache due to sinusitis secondary to DNS.
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 2007
A 26-year-old man, presented to our department with history of a metallic foreign body in the nec... more A 26-year-old man, presented to our department with history of a metallic foreign body in the neck. On wound exploration under local anaesthesia, the foreign body was not readily palpable. It was removed with the help of a magnet.
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Papers by Anjana Reynolds