In this paper, we take a functional approach to the description of such expressions in Hungarian ... more In this paper, we take a functional approach to the description of such expressions in Hungarian as zavaromban 'in my embarrassment' and ijedtében 'in his/her fright', primarily to provide a description for Hungarian as L2 teaching, where the phenomenon has only gained limited attention. After reviewing studies in descriptive linguistics and resources for Hungarian as a foreign language, we argue that the expressions in question must be viewed as instances of a construction in its own right within the Hungarian language system. The construction that we call [N mental state .Poss.Iness] cause or, for ease, mental-state-as-cause construction is used to predicate the mental state of the agent-subject as a cause for their action. This special meaning/function of the construction imposes several constraints and restrictions on its use. As a result, [N mental state .Poss.Iness] cause must be distinguished from other similar constructions both in Hungarian descriptive grammar and in the teaching of Hungarian as L2.
A ℜeALIS reprezentacionalista gyökereinek felvázolását és a kurrens dinamikus-pragmatikai célrend... more A ℜeALIS reprezentacionalista gyökereinek felvázolását és a kurrens dinamikus-pragmatikai célrendszer (Farkas–Roelofsen 2017) feltérképezését követően azt az adósságot kívánjuk törleszteni, hogy a kérdő mondattípus pragmaszemantikai jellemzéséhez hasonló alaposságú leírást (Alberti et al. 2019a) kapjon a felkiáltó és az óhajtó, valamint a felszólító és a kijelentő mondat is. E mondattípusok pragmaszemantikai jellemzésének finom részleteivel kívánunk szolgálni, végső soron az emberi kommunikációs tevékenység mentális megalapozását jelentő elmebeli lehetségesvilág-struktúra feltérképezéséhez járulva hozzá. Azt is szemléltetjük, hogy a diskurzusjelölők hogyan vonnak be újabb világokat e mentális térbe. Végül (az addigi feladói perspektíva helyett) a címzetti perspektívából vesszük szemügyre a hallgatói perlokúciós műveletek révén tovább gyarapodó „lehetséges lehetséges világainkat”.
In similarity to most Slavic languages, Serbian does not have articles, which makes it challengin... more In similarity to most Slavic languages, Serbian does not have articles, which makes it challenging for Serbian learners of Hungarian as a foreign language (HFL) to understand and learn when to use the article(s) in Hungarian (Balla 2016). Furthermore, HFL teaching materials do not address the issue either in a focused or in a contrastive manner (Andrić 2016). The paper considers what grammatical, semantic and pragmatic aspects need to be taken into account when teaching article-usage in Hungarian as a foreign language. We first present the problem in the context of learning HFL and review the approaches and explanations offered by course books, learner's grammars and functional accounts for HFL purposes. Then we discuss the "baseline" meaning of article-usage and non-usage. Finally, we proceed to contrast the various uses of different noun phrases (NPs) with and without an article. The analysis is guided by the following notions: definiteness, specificity, genericity, frame semantics, discourse-boundedness, number, possessive construction, sentence structure. Our major goal is to offer an explanation as to why and under what conditions singular and plural NPs with and without an article are used to express various meanings in text.
A LiLe-projekt fő celkitűzese egy nyelveszeti lexikon MSSQL-adatbazis-formaban valo felepitese. A... more A LiLe-projekt fő celkitűzese egy nyelveszeti lexikon MSSQL-adatbazis-formaban valo felepitese. A kidolgozott adatbazis-strukturank legfontosabb tulajdonsaga, hogy a grammatika kulonboző szintjein letező szabalyokat a morfemakkal azonos modon tarolja, igy valositva meg a legteljesebb lexikaiizmust. A projektunk a grammatikus szoalakok es mondatok elemzesere es generalasara vallalkozik. Ezeknek az eszkozoknek a segitsegevel hozunk letre egy olyan korpuszt, amely az osszes lehetseges szoalak es mondat generalasara alkalmas. A generalasi algoritmus kivalasztott adatbazisbeli elemeken (morfemakon es szabalyokon) hajthato vegre, igy kivanjuk tamogatni mind a nyelveszeti kutatasokat, mind a magyar nyelv oktatasat. Ezt a specialis celokat megvalosito es sajatos felepitesű nyelveszeti lexikont nevezzuk dinamikus korpusznak.
Cikkunkben a gepi forditas egy uj (totalisan lexikalista) megkozeliteset mutatjuk be, miutan rovi... more Cikkunkben a gepi forditas egy uj (totalisan lexikalista) megkozeliteset mutatjuk be, miutan roviden ismertettuk a GASG implementaciojan alapulo elemzőnket, amelynek ketiranyu alkalmazasaval (egy specialis, un. kopredikacios halozaton keresztul) valosithato meg a forditas. Programunk ujdonsaga tobbek kozott abban rejlik, hogy a szintaktikai mellett szemantikai reprezentaciot is kepes tarsitani a mondatokhoz (ezaltal geppel segitett forditaskent is felfoghato); tovabba hogy nem nyelv-specifikus, ezert barmely nyelvről kepes barmely masikra forditani, ha azok lexikai egysegeit (minden tulajdonsagukkal egyutt) az elemző tartalmazza. Eddig elert eredmenyeinket (magyar es angol mondatok egy korenek elemzese es forditasa) peldakon keresztul is szemleltetjuk.
Sentence-size propositional contents should be constructed in formal semantics so that the result... more Sentence-size propositional contents should be constructed in formal semantics so that the resulting formulas can undergo truth evaluation in arbitrary possible worlds. This paper claims that the basic task of pragmatics can be reformulated as the designation of certain possible worlds on the basis of the linguistic form created by the speaker. A formal dynamic pragmatics can capture the linguistic phenomena traditionally described in such Searlean concepts as illocutionary act/effect and perlocutionary effect via designating the relevant subset of the basis of interpretation. In the possible world of addressers’ beliefs, for instance, the ideal truth values according to the three conventions are +1, 0, and –1. The eALIS framework serves as the theoretical background for our research. It can be regarded as the representationalist counterpart of Lauer’s antirepresentationalist dynamic pragmatics, provided that the first steps of both models are aimed at deciding what truth values th...
In the paper, we argue that expressions like bánatomban ‘in my grief’ and ijedtében ‘in his/her f... more In the paper, we argue that expressions like bánatomban ‘in my grief’ and ijedtében ‘in his/her fright’ are instances of a construction in its own right within the Hungarian language system, which is used in text to make predication about the mental state of the Agent subject as a cause for their action. In the first half of the paper, we describe the formal and functional characteristics of the construction. We propose that the construction, which we call [Nmental state.Poss.Iness]cause or, for ease, the mental-state-as-cause construction, is entrenched for the expression of cause in Hungarian, and that this status imposes several morpho-syntactical and lexical-semantic constraints on the construction and on the sentence. We also argue that in the construction, the possessive morpheme/phrase is subject to grammaticalization. In the second half of the paper, we investigate the cognitiveconceptual profile of the construction as an expression of cause, and we propose that in the const...
Our research team has been engaged in developing a linguistic lexicon in the form of an MS-SQL da... more Our research team has been engaged in developing a linguistic lexicon in the form of an MS-SQL database. The technology provides the opportunity to store lexical units (morphemes) as well as applying underlying representations, and also using the well-known features of unification morphology; in a dynamically expandable structure. In our system not only the phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic features of a morpheme are stored as records, but also the rules operating within or between the lexical items. Consequently, the set of rules can be dynamically expanded as well. The theory behind the definition-method of the rules is GASG, a totally lexicalist grammar by Gábor Alberti. The structure of rules for describing the certain language is determ inated by the describers, and the grammars are linked through a semantic representation. So in describing lexical elements only the semantic features are common (univer sal), other features are freely formed; in this way we can provide useable lexicon for any grammatical model. By using our database, we can build up a corpus which is called 'dynamic', because it doesn't contain existing (ever existed) wordforms, b ut deducted ele ments and rules, so the possible words, expressions or even sentences of the given state of language can be generated-consequently, it models our competency. This supports several purposes, like developing computational linguistic ap plications a t our departm ent, and we also wish to support teaching Hungarian language in public or higher education or as a foreign language with our lexicon as a teaching device. Due to the structure of the system, our program not only decides between correct and incorrect morpheme strings, but it is able to name the rules used as the basis of the decision, and th a t is a useful help in langage teaching or devel oping language consciousness; besides, non-native speakers lacking competency can be supplied or helped out. Even, the generating algorhythm can operate on selected set of elements of the database (morphemes or rules) and this gives an opportunity to dem onstrate or practice certain phenomenon of the language in an interesting way, for example, by switching rules on and off. The current version of the program is developed in an object-oriented envi ronment (Delphi), because we have found this to be the easiest way of building user-friendly interfaces but we plan to develop web-based surfaces as well, ap plying MS-SQL's built-in procedures which make possible to retrieve d a ta in XML-format (which is generally used for data-storing in corpus linguistics).
The paper demonstrates how pragmatic features of certain developmental disorders, including Autis... more The paper demonstrates how pragmatic features of certain developmental disorders, including Autism Spectrum Disorder, can be described in a formal pragmasemantic framework. We apply ÂeALIS, the pragmasemantic system (Alberti, Kleiber, Schnell, & Szabó 2016) which offers a formal representation for linguistically encoded speech acts and for the beliefs, desires and intentions that are present in the minds of potential interlocutors. It defines worldlets which include the BDI states of the speaker, as well as BDI states that the speaker assumes the hearer has, in an unlimited recursive pattern. The model is built upon the idea that the worldlets are organized in a system of multi-level tree-structures and are easily processable and accessible in communication for the intact human mind. In this formally defined system, the intensity of the different BDIs (e.g. strong/weak belief) belonging to the worldlets must be signaled by the interlocutors, using pragmatic tools. We found that prag...
Kiindulópontunk Maleczki (2006; 2007) formális szemantikai elmélete az azonosító és az információ... more Kiindulópontunk Maleczki (2006; 2007) formális szemantikai elmélete az azonosító és az információs fókuszról (É. Kiss 1998), valamint az ennek kapcsán vizsgált kérdés–válasz-alternatívákról. Megoldásának faktorhalmazokon alapuló lényegét kiterjeszthetőnek tartjuk egy olyan kognitív pragmaszemantikai elemzéssé, amelyben a kommunikáló felek tudásának/vélekedésének, vágyainak/érdekeinek és szándékainak az információállapotukon belüli "világocskái" is figyelembe vétetnek. A tanulmány kiemelt tézise, hogy a kiegészítendő kérdések intenzionális profilja megegyezik az eldöntendőkével; a különbségek egyfajta kurzorbeállításnak tulajdoníthatóak.
Tanulmányunkban azt térképezzük fel, vajon a tudatelmélet szintjei hogyan befolyásolják a kereső-... more Tanulmányunkban azt térképezzük fel, vajon a tudatelmélet szintjei hogyan befolyásolják a kereső-kifejezések megválasztását az internetes keresésben. Elsősorban arra koncentrálunk, hogy a tudatelmélet szintjei összefüggésbe hozhatók-e a kereső-kifejezés nyelvi megformáltságával (például főnévi vagy igei természetű-e). A kutatásunkhoz óvodások körében végeztünk felméréseket. Az ismert tudatelméleti tesztek felvétele után egy általunk kidolgozott eszközzel vizsgáltuk a kereső-kifejezések megválasztását.
The principal aim of our research team, called GeLexi, is to legitimate a new sort of generative ... more The principal aim of our research team, called GeLexi, is to legitimate a new sort of generative grammar via verifying its computational implementability. This grammar is more radically "lexicalist" than any earlier one: no phrase structure trees are generated, but word order is accounted for by means of ranked parameters. Another novelty is the extension of "total lexicalism" to morphology: lexical items are assigned not to words but to morphemes. Our parser, in accordance with the basic task of every generative grammar, decides whether a sentence is grammatical, and if it is, then provides a morphophonological analysis, a compilation of grammatical relations, and two kinds of semantic representations. At the end we show some examples to demonstrate our procedures, among them a sentence containing the conjunction es 'and', which is our latest development.
A projektben elmeleti es alkalmazott nyelveszeti celok fonodtak ossze, elvalaszthatatlanul: a fel... more A projektben elmeleti es alkalmazott nyelveszeti celok fonodtak ossze, elvalaszthatatlanul: a felepitendő grammatikat a szamitogepes implementalhatosag volt hivatva legitimalni, mig masfelől minden nyelveszeti otlet azt a celt is szolgalta, hogy minel jobb, minel tobbfele celra felhasznalhato nyelvelemző rendszerunk legyen. Az elmeleti kutatasok egy resze a Kamp-fele DRT diskurzusszemantikai megkozelitesenek a tovabbfejlesztesere iranyult. Sikerult kidolgozni egy ReALIS nevű elmeletet (kolcsonos es elethossziglani interpretacios rendszer), amelynek előnyos vonasai mellett szamos publikacioban erveltunk sokfele leirasi teruleten (hatokori tobbertelműsegek, koreferencia, az igazsagertekeles altalanosithatosaga, vonzatszerkezet-valtozas, aspektus). A masik elmeleti pillert a totalis lexikalizmus otletenek a kidolgozasa jelentette; a kifejlesztett GASG (generativ / altalanositott argumentumszerkezet-nyelvtan) előnyos vonasait szinten szamos leirasi teruleten bemutattuk (kompozicionalis kompatibilitas a DRT-vel, magyar morfologia, szabad szorend es scrambling, "eltűnő" nevelők). Ami az alkalmazasi teruletet illeti, tobb szamitogepes nyelveszeti feladat eseteben megmutattuk, hogy elmeleti otleteink eletkepesek (mondatelemzes, jelentesabrazolas, gepi es geppel segitett forditas, informacio-feltaras). | In this project theoretical and applied linguistics aims have been combined: on the one hand, the grammar to be worked out has been intended to be legitimized by computational implementability, and on the other hand, each linguistic idea has been devoted to serve the purpose of creating parsers and different parser-based linguistic softwares. The one pillar that our theoretical researches rely on is developing the discourse-semantic approach of Kamp?s DRT. We could work out a theory called ReALIS (REciprocal And Lifelong Interpretation System) whose advantageous features we have argued for in several areas of linguistic description (scopal ambiguities, coreference, generalizability of truth-conditional evaluation, argument-structure changes, aspect). The other theoretical pillar is the principle of ?total lexicalism?: we have worked out a grammar called GASG (Generative / Generalized Argument Structure Grammar) as its model. We have also published our results in different areas of linguistic description (compositional compatibility with DRT, Hungarian morphology, free word order and scrambling phenomena, ?disappearing? articles). As for applications, we have pointed out in the case of more computational linguistics tasks that our theoretical ideas are viable (parsing, representing meaning, machine (-aided) translation, information extraction).
A new sort of generative grammar (Sec2) will be demonstrated which is more radically "lexicalist"... more A new sort of generative grammar (Sec2) will be demonstrated which is more radically "lexicalist" than any earlier one (Sec1). It is a modified Unification Categorial Grammar [1-4] from which even the principal syntactic "weapon" of CGs, Function Application, has been omitted. What has remained is lexical sign and the mere technique of unification as the engine of combining signs. The computation thus requires no usual linguistic technique (e.g. Move, Merge, traces [5], Function Application [6]); which promises a straightforward implementation of GASG in Prolog. Our parser decides whether a Hungarian sentence is grammatical and creates its (practically English) DRS (Sec3). * The authors were sponsored by Hungarian National Scientific Fund OTKA (grant no. T038386). 1 DRT is a successful attempt to extend the sentence-level Montagovian model-theoretic semantics to the discourse level. Its crucial proposal is that a level of discourse representation must be inserted in between the language to be interpreted and the world model serving as the context of interpretation. The insertion of this level, however, has given rise to a double problem of compositionality (language → DRS, DRS → world model), at least according to the very strict sense of the Fregean principle of compositionality introduced by Montague [8]. As for the DRS → world model transition Zeevat [2] has provided a compositional solution, which could successfully be built in the new version of DRT [4].
Tanulmányunkban a mentális állapotot mint okot megjelenítő konstrukció ([Nmental-state.case]cause... more Tanulmányunkban a mentális állapotot mint okot megjelenítő konstrukció ([Nmental-state.case]cause) három ragos névszói változatát elemezzük hasonlóságaik és különbségeik szempontjából. A szerkezeteket korpuszvezérelt kvalitatív eljárással elemezzük: egy, a testvér-konstrukciók jelentésére és használatára kiterjedő vizsgálattal, valamint szintaktikailag, különös tekintettel arra, hogy a névelő megléte vagy hiánya hogyan befolyásolja a DP projekció felvételét és a referenciális viszonyokat. Azt állítjuk, hogy csak a három konstrukció összehasonlító elemzésével lehet releváns következtetéseket levonni az egyes változatok szerkezetére vonatkozóan. Kutatásunk eredménye, hogy a három konstrukció az oksági viszonyt eltérő jelentésmozzanattal reprezentálja (kiváltó–előidéző ok; késztetés–motiváció; háttér–hatás), és ennek következménye, hogy ugyan mindhárom tartalmaz egy meghatározott thematikus szerepű „alanyt”, amelynek az oksági összefüggés miatt a tagmondatban kell megtalálnia az ...
In this paper, we take a functional approach to the description of such expressions in Hungarian ... more In this paper, we take a functional approach to the description of such expressions in Hungarian as zavaromban 'in my embarrassment' and ijedtében 'in his/her fright', primarily to provide a description for Hungarian as L2 teaching, where the phenomenon has only gained limited attention. After reviewing studies in descriptive linguistics and resources for Hungarian as a foreign language, we argue that the expressions in question must be viewed as instances of a construction in its own right within the Hungarian language system. The construction that we call [N mental state .Poss.Iness] cause or, for ease, mental-state-as-cause construction is used to predicate the mental state of the agent-subject as a cause for their action. This special meaning/function of the construction imposes several constraints and restrictions on its use. As a result, [N mental state .Poss.Iness] cause must be distinguished from other similar constructions both in Hungarian descriptive grammar and in the teaching of Hungarian as L2.
A ℜeALIS reprezentacionalista gyökereinek felvázolását és a kurrens dinamikus-pragmatikai célrend... more A ℜeALIS reprezentacionalista gyökereinek felvázolását és a kurrens dinamikus-pragmatikai célrendszer (Farkas–Roelofsen 2017) feltérképezését követően azt az adósságot kívánjuk törleszteni, hogy a kérdő mondattípus pragmaszemantikai jellemzéséhez hasonló alaposságú leírást (Alberti et al. 2019a) kapjon a felkiáltó és az óhajtó, valamint a felszólító és a kijelentő mondat is. E mondattípusok pragmaszemantikai jellemzésének finom részleteivel kívánunk szolgálni, végső soron az emberi kommunikációs tevékenység mentális megalapozását jelentő elmebeli lehetségesvilág-struktúra feltérképezéséhez járulva hozzá. Azt is szemléltetjük, hogy a diskurzusjelölők hogyan vonnak be újabb világokat e mentális térbe. Végül (az addigi feladói perspektíva helyett) a címzetti perspektívából vesszük szemügyre a hallgatói perlokúciós műveletek révén tovább gyarapodó „lehetséges lehetséges világainkat”.
In similarity to most Slavic languages, Serbian does not have articles, which makes it challengin... more In similarity to most Slavic languages, Serbian does not have articles, which makes it challenging for Serbian learners of Hungarian as a foreign language (HFL) to understand and learn when to use the article(s) in Hungarian (Balla 2016). Furthermore, HFL teaching materials do not address the issue either in a focused or in a contrastive manner (Andrić 2016). The paper considers what grammatical, semantic and pragmatic aspects need to be taken into account when teaching article-usage in Hungarian as a foreign language. We first present the problem in the context of learning HFL and review the approaches and explanations offered by course books, learner's grammars and functional accounts for HFL purposes. Then we discuss the "baseline" meaning of article-usage and non-usage. Finally, we proceed to contrast the various uses of different noun phrases (NPs) with and without an article. The analysis is guided by the following notions: definiteness, specificity, genericity, frame semantics, discourse-boundedness, number, possessive construction, sentence structure. Our major goal is to offer an explanation as to why and under what conditions singular and plural NPs with and without an article are used to express various meanings in text.
A LiLe-projekt fő celkitűzese egy nyelveszeti lexikon MSSQL-adatbazis-formaban valo felepitese. A... more A LiLe-projekt fő celkitűzese egy nyelveszeti lexikon MSSQL-adatbazis-formaban valo felepitese. A kidolgozott adatbazis-strukturank legfontosabb tulajdonsaga, hogy a grammatika kulonboző szintjein letező szabalyokat a morfemakkal azonos modon tarolja, igy valositva meg a legteljesebb lexikaiizmust. A projektunk a grammatikus szoalakok es mondatok elemzesere es generalasara vallalkozik. Ezeknek az eszkozoknek a segitsegevel hozunk letre egy olyan korpuszt, amely az osszes lehetseges szoalak es mondat generalasara alkalmas. A generalasi algoritmus kivalasztott adatbazisbeli elemeken (morfemakon es szabalyokon) hajthato vegre, igy kivanjuk tamogatni mind a nyelveszeti kutatasokat, mind a magyar nyelv oktatasat. Ezt a specialis celokat megvalosito es sajatos felepitesű nyelveszeti lexikont nevezzuk dinamikus korpusznak.
Cikkunkben a gepi forditas egy uj (totalisan lexikalista) megkozeliteset mutatjuk be, miutan rovi... more Cikkunkben a gepi forditas egy uj (totalisan lexikalista) megkozeliteset mutatjuk be, miutan roviden ismertettuk a GASG implementaciojan alapulo elemzőnket, amelynek ketiranyu alkalmazasaval (egy specialis, un. kopredikacios halozaton keresztul) valosithato meg a forditas. Programunk ujdonsaga tobbek kozott abban rejlik, hogy a szintaktikai mellett szemantikai reprezentaciot is kepes tarsitani a mondatokhoz (ezaltal geppel segitett forditaskent is felfoghato); tovabba hogy nem nyelv-specifikus, ezert barmely nyelvről kepes barmely masikra forditani, ha azok lexikai egysegeit (minden tulajdonsagukkal egyutt) az elemző tartalmazza. Eddig elert eredmenyeinket (magyar es angol mondatok egy korenek elemzese es forditasa) peldakon keresztul is szemleltetjuk.
Sentence-size propositional contents should be constructed in formal semantics so that the result... more Sentence-size propositional contents should be constructed in formal semantics so that the resulting formulas can undergo truth evaluation in arbitrary possible worlds. This paper claims that the basic task of pragmatics can be reformulated as the designation of certain possible worlds on the basis of the linguistic form created by the speaker. A formal dynamic pragmatics can capture the linguistic phenomena traditionally described in such Searlean concepts as illocutionary act/effect and perlocutionary effect via designating the relevant subset of the basis of interpretation. In the possible world of addressers’ beliefs, for instance, the ideal truth values according to the three conventions are +1, 0, and –1. The eALIS framework serves as the theoretical background for our research. It can be regarded as the representationalist counterpart of Lauer’s antirepresentationalist dynamic pragmatics, provided that the first steps of both models are aimed at deciding what truth values th...
In the paper, we argue that expressions like bánatomban ‘in my grief’ and ijedtében ‘in his/her f... more In the paper, we argue that expressions like bánatomban ‘in my grief’ and ijedtében ‘in his/her fright’ are instances of a construction in its own right within the Hungarian language system, which is used in text to make predication about the mental state of the Agent subject as a cause for their action. In the first half of the paper, we describe the formal and functional characteristics of the construction. We propose that the construction, which we call [Nmental state.Poss.Iness]cause or, for ease, the mental-state-as-cause construction, is entrenched for the expression of cause in Hungarian, and that this status imposes several morpho-syntactical and lexical-semantic constraints on the construction and on the sentence. We also argue that in the construction, the possessive morpheme/phrase is subject to grammaticalization. In the second half of the paper, we investigate the cognitiveconceptual profile of the construction as an expression of cause, and we propose that in the const...
Our research team has been engaged in developing a linguistic lexicon in the form of an MS-SQL da... more Our research team has been engaged in developing a linguistic lexicon in the form of an MS-SQL database. The technology provides the opportunity to store lexical units (morphemes) as well as applying underlying representations, and also using the well-known features of unification morphology; in a dynamically expandable structure. In our system not only the phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic features of a morpheme are stored as records, but also the rules operating within or between the lexical items. Consequently, the set of rules can be dynamically expanded as well. The theory behind the definition-method of the rules is GASG, a totally lexicalist grammar by Gábor Alberti. The structure of rules for describing the certain language is determ inated by the describers, and the grammars are linked through a semantic representation. So in describing lexical elements only the semantic features are common (univer sal), other features are freely formed; in this way we can provide useable lexicon for any grammatical model. By using our database, we can build up a corpus which is called 'dynamic', because it doesn't contain existing (ever existed) wordforms, b ut deducted ele ments and rules, so the possible words, expressions or even sentences of the given state of language can be generated-consequently, it models our competency. This supports several purposes, like developing computational linguistic ap plications a t our departm ent, and we also wish to support teaching Hungarian language in public or higher education or as a foreign language with our lexicon as a teaching device. Due to the structure of the system, our program not only decides between correct and incorrect morpheme strings, but it is able to name the rules used as the basis of the decision, and th a t is a useful help in langage teaching or devel oping language consciousness; besides, non-native speakers lacking competency can be supplied or helped out. Even, the generating algorhythm can operate on selected set of elements of the database (morphemes or rules) and this gives an opportunity to dem onstrate or practice certain phenomenon of the language in an interesting way, for example, by switching rules on and off. The current version of the program is developed in an object-oriented envi ronment (Delphi), because we have found this to be the easiest way of building user-friendly interfaces but we plan to develop web-based surfaces as well, ap plying MS-SQL's built-in procedures which make possible to retrieve d a ta in XML-format (which is generally used for data-storing in corpus linguistics).
The paper demonstrates how pragmatic features of certain developmental disorders, including Autis... more The paper demonstrates how pragmatic features of certain developmental disorders, including Autism Spectrum Disorder, can be described in a formal pragmasemantic framework. We apply ÂeALIS, the pragmasemantic system (Alberti, Kleiber, Schnell, & Szabó 2016) which offers a formal representation for linguistically encoded speech acts and for the beliefs, desires and intentions that are present in the minds of potential interlocutors. It defines worldlets which include the BDI states of the speaker, as well as BDI states that the speaker assumes the hearer has, in an unlimited recursive pattern. The model is built upon the idea that the worldlets are organized in a system of multi-level tree-structures and are easily processable and accessible in communication for the intact human mind. In this formally defined system, the intensity of the different BDIs (e.g. strong/weak belief) belonging to the worldlets must be signaled by the interlocutors, using pragmatic tools. We found that prag...
Kiindulópontunk Maleczki (2006; 2007) formális szemantikai elmélete az azonosító és az információ... more Kiindulópontunk Maleczki (2006; 2007) formális szemantikai elmélete az azonosító és az információs fókuszról (É. Kiss 1998), valamint az ennek kapcsán vizsgált kérdés–válasz-alternatívákról. Megoldásának faktorhalmazokon alapuló lényegét kiterjeszthetőnek tartjuk egy olyan kognitív pragmaszemantikai elemzéssé, amelyben a kommunikáló felek tudásának/vélekedésének, vágyainak/érdekeinek és szándékainak az információállapotukon belüli "világocskái" is figyelembe vétetnek. A tanulmány kiemelt tézise, hogy a kiegészítendő kérdések intenzionális profilja megegyezik az eldöntendőkével; a különbségek egyfajta kurzorbeállításnak tulajdoníthatóak.
Tanulmányunkban azt térképezzük fel, vajon a tudatelmélet szintjei hogyan befolyásolják a kereső-... more Tanulmányunkban azt térképezzük fel, vajon a tudatelmélet szintjei hogyan befolyásolják a kereső-kifejezések megválasztását az internetes keresésben. Elsősorban arra koncentrálunk, hogy a tudatelmélet szintjei összefüggésbe hozhatók-e a kereső-kifejezés nyelvi megformáltságával (például főnévi vagy igei természetű-e). A kutatásunkhoz óvodások körében végeztünk felméréseket. Az ismert tudatelméleti tesztek felvétele után egy általunk kidolgozott eszközzel vizsgáltuk a kereső-kifejezések megválasztását.
The principal aim of our research team, called GeLexi, is to legitimate a new sort of generative ... more The principal aim of our research team, called GeLexi, is to legitimate a new sort of generative grammar via verifying its computational implementability. This grammar is more radically "lexicalist" than any earlier one: no phrase structure trees are generated, but word order is accounted for by means of ranked parameters. Another novelty is the extension of "total lexicalism" to morphology: lexical items are assigned not to words but to morphemes. Our parser, in accordance with the basic task of every generative grammar, decides whether a sentence is grammatical, and if it is, then provides a morphophonological analysis, a compilation of grammatical relations, and two kinds of semantic representations. At the end we show some examples to demonstrate our procedures, among them a sentence containing the conjunction es 'and', which is our latest development.
A projektben elmeleti es alkalmazott nyelveszeti celok fonodtak ossze, elvalaszthatatlanul: a fel... more A projektben elmeleti es alkalmazott nyelveszeti celok fonodtak ossze, elvalaszthatatlanul: a felepitendő grammatikat a szamitogepes implementalhatosag volt hivatva legitimalni, mig masfelől minden nyelveszeti otlet azt a celt is szolgalta, hogy minel jobb, minel tobbfele celra felhasznalhato nyelvelemző rendszerunk legyen. Az elmeleti kutatasok egy resze a Kamp-fele DRT diskurzusszemantikai megkozelitesenek a tovabbfejlesztesere iranyult. Sikerult kidolgozni egy ReALIS nevű elmeletet (kolcsonos es elethossziglani interpretacios rendszer), amelynek előnyos vonasai mellett szamos publikacioban erveltunk sokfele leirasi teruleten (hatokori tobbertelműsegek, koreferencia, az igazsagertekeles altalanosithatosaga, vonzatszerkezet-valtozas, aspektus). A masik elmeleti pillert a totalis lexikalizmus otletenek a kidolgozasa jelentette; a kifejlesztett GASG (generativ / altalanositott argumentumszerkezet-nyelvtan) előnyos vonasait szinten szamos leirasi teruleten bemutattuk (kompozicionalis kompatibilitas a DRT-vel, magyar morfologia, szabad szorend es scrambling, "eltűnő" nevelők). Ami az alkalmazasi teruletet illeti, tobb szamitogepes nyelveszeti feladat eseteben megmutattuk, hogy elmeleti otleteink eletkepesek (mondatelemzes, jelentesabrazolas, gepi es geppel segitett forditas, informacio-feltaras). | In this project theoretical and applied linguistics aims have been combined: on the one hand, the grammar to be worked out has been intended to be legitimized by computational implementability, and on the other hand, each linguistic idea has been devoted to serve the purpose of creating parsers and different parser-based linguistic softwares. The one pillar that our theoretical researches rely on is developing the discourse-semantic approach of Kamp?s DRT. We could work out a theory called ReALIS (REciprocal And Lifelong Interpretation System) whose advantageous features we have argued for in several areas of linguistic description (scopal ambiguities, coreference, generalizability of truth-conditional evaluation, argument-structure changes, aspect). The other theoretical pillar is the principle of ?total lexicalism?: we have worked out a grammar called GASG (Generative / Generalized Argument Structure Grammar) as its model. We have also published our results in different areas of linguistic description (compositional compatibility with DRT, Hungarian morphology, free word order and scrambling phenomena, ?disappearing? articles). As for applications, we have pointed out in the case of more computational linguistics tasks that our theoretical ideas are viable (parsing, representing meaning, machine (-aided) translation, information extraction).
A new sort of generative grammar (Sec2) will be demonstrated which is more radically "lexicalist"... more A new sort of generative grammar (Sec2) will be demonstrated which is more radically "lexicalist" than any earlier one (Sec1). It is a modified Unification Categorial Grammar [1-4] from which even the principal syntactic "weapon" of CGs, Function Application, has been omitted. What has remained is lexical sign and the mere technique of unification as the engine of combining signs. The computation thus requires no usual linguistic technique (e.g. Move, Merge, traces [5], Function Application [6]); which promises a straightforward implementation of GASG in Prolog. Our parser decides whether a Hungarian sentence is grammatical and creates its (practically English) DRS (Sec3). * The authors were sponsored by Hungarian National Scientific Fund OTKA (grant no. T038386). 1 DRT is a successful attempt to extend the sentence-level Montagovian model-theoretic semantics to the discourse level. Its crucial proposal is that a level of discourse representation must be inserted in between the language to be interpreted and the world model serving as the context of interpretation. The insertion of this level, however, has given rise to a double problem of compositionality (language → DRS, DRS → world model), at least according to the very strict sense of the Fregean principle of compositionality introduced by Montague [8]. As for the DRS → world model transition Zeevat [2] has provided a compositional solution, which could successfully be built in the new version of DRT [4].
Tanulmányunkban a mentális állapotot mint okot megjelenítő konstrukció ([Nmental-state.case]cause... more Tanulmányunkban a mentális állapotot mint okot megjelenítő konstrukció ([Nmental-state.case]cause) három ragos névszói változatát elemezzük hasonlóságaik és különbségeik szempontjából. A szerkezeteket korpuszvezérelt kvalitatív eljárással elemezzük: egy, a testvér-konstrukciók jelentésére és használatára kiterjedő vizsgálattal, valamint szintaktikailag, különös tekintettel arra, hogy a névelő megléte vagy hiánya hogyan befolyásolja a DP projekció felvételét és a referenciális viszonyokat. Azt állítjuk, hogy csak a három konstrukció összehasonlító elemzésével lehet releváns következtetéseket levonni az egyes változatok szerkezetére vonatkozóan. Kutatásunk eredménye, hogy a három konstrukció az oksági viszonyt eltérő jelentésmozzanattal reprezentálja (kiváltó–előidéző ok; késztetés–motiváció; háttér–hatás), és ennek következménye, hogy ugyan mindhárom tartalmaz egy meghatározott thematikus szerepű „alanyt”, amelynek az oksági összefüggés miatt a tagmondatban kell megtalálnia az ...
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