Papers by Andualem Mebratu
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy for Prevention of Tuberculosis Among People Living with HIV in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review of Implementation and Impacts
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with H... more Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWHIV). Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) prevents TB in PLWHIV, but estimates of its effects and actual implementation vary across countries. We reviewed studies that examined the impact of IPT on PLHIV and the factors influencing its implementation in Ethiopia. Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Controlled Trials from their inception to 01 April 2021 for studies of any design that examined the impact of IPT on PLHIV and the factors influencing its implementation. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO, ID: CRD42021256579. Result: Of the initial 546 studies identified, 13 that enrolled 12,426 participants: 12,364 PLHIV and 62 HIV clinical care providers, were included. PLHIV who were on IPT, independently or simultaneously with ART, were less likely to develop TB than those without IPT. IPT interventions had a significant association with improved CD4 count and reduced all-cause mortality. IPT was less effective in people with advanced HIV infection. The major factors influencing IPT implementation and uptake were stock-outs, fear of developing isoniazid-resistant TB, patient’s refusal and non-adherence, and improper counseling and low commitment of HIV clinical care providers. Conclusion: IPT alone or in combination with ART significantly reduces the incidence of TB and mortality in PLHIV in Ethiopia than those without IPT. There needs a realistically attainable system in place to meet the Ethiopian National TB guideline of offering IPT to all HIV-infected individuals who are unlikely to have active TB. More research on safety is needed, especially on women with HIV who receive a combination of IPT and ART. Funding Information: This review did not receive specific funding. T.M. was supported in part by the Fogarty International Center and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the US National Institutes of Health under Award Number D43TW009127. Declaration of Interests: We declare that they have no competing interests.
International Journal of Hepatology
Background. Hepatitis B virus infection is a major global health burden accounting for 2.7% of al... more Background. Hepatitis B virus infection is a major global health burden accounting for 2.7% of all deaths globally. Being part of the health care system, the risk of exposure to hepatitis B viral infection among medical and health science students is found to be high. In Ethiopia, particularly in this study area, very little is known about the practice of students towards hepatitis B virus infection prevention and its associated factors. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the practice towards hepatitis B virus infection prevention and its associated factors among undergraduate students at Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods and Materials. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 15 to June 15, 2021, among undergraduate students who had clinical exposure. The 404 sampled participants were recruited using a systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured self-admin...
Background: Low birth weight (LBW) accounts for 60% to 80% of all neonatal deaths each year. In d... more Background: Low birth weight (LBW) accounts for 60% to 80% of all neonatal deaths each year. In developing countries like Ethiopia, low birth weight is a major public health concern. Almost half of the world's infants are not weighed at birth, a figure that is especially high in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Only 14% of births had information on birth weight were available at the time of birth in Ethiopia. So previous studies underestimate the magnitude and associated factors of low birth weight. As a result, the goal of this study is to fill those gaps in the previous studies by assessing the magnitude and associated factors of low birth weight in Addis Ababa.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed. Systematic sampling was used to select 351 study participants. A pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were entered, cleaned, and edited using Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 software package...
Additional file 5 of Safety of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria among children in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials
Additional file 5. Funnel plot of comparison: dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artemether-lu... more Additional file 5. Funnel plot of comparison: dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria among African children, outcome: Cough.
Additional file 3 of Safety of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria among children in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials
Additional file 3. Funnel plot of comparison: dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artemether-lu... more Additional file 3. Funnel plot of comparison: dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria among African children, outcome: Gastrointestinal adverse events (early vomiting).
Objective The main objective of the study to determine breast cancer early detection method knowl... more Objective The main objective of the study to determine breast cancer early detection method knowledge among female health professional, Adigrat, town, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018.Result The study assessed the knowledge of health professionals. Majority of the health professionals 55.7% (60) were founded knowledgeable and 44.3% (48) were not knowledgeable.
Background Operative vaginal deliveries are the mode of the deliveries accomplished with either a... more Background Operative vaginal deliveries are the mode of the deliveries accomplished with either a vacuum device or forceps to the fetal head and outward traction generating a force that augments maternal pushing to deliver the fetus vaginally. As a result, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence, indications, and fetal outcome of operative vaginal delivery in sub-Saharan Africa. Method Search for relevant articles was done by using online databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, HINARI and Web of Science, African OnLine, and other gray and online repositories of Universities in Africa. The JOANNA Briggs Institute standard data extraction format was used to extract and appraise high-quality articles before being included in this study. The heterogeneity of the studies was tested by the Cochran Q test and I2 statistical test. The publication bias was tested by a Funnel plot and Egger’s test. The overall pooled prevalence, indications, and fetal outcome of...
Additional file 6 of Safety of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria among children in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials
Additional file 6. Funnel plot of comparison: dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artemether-lu... more Additional file 6. Funnel plot of comparison: dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria among African children, outcome: Serious adverse event (including death).
Failed induction of labor and associated factors among women delivered in Jigjiga University Sheik Hassan Yabare Referral Hospital: a cross-sectional study
Current Medical Research and Opinion
Introduction: Induction of labour is one component of comprehensive obstetrics care services that... more Introduction: Induction of labour is one component of comprehensive obstetrics care services that is increasing employed in modern day obstetrics to decrease the risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, it has been strongly associated with poor maternal and perinatal outcomes. Therefore, his study was aimed to assess the magnitude of failed induction of labour and associated factors among mothers delivered at Jigjiga University Sheik Hassan Yabare referral Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia from June 1 to June 30, 2021.Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was carried out among 364 women’s delivered at Jigjiga University Sheik Hassan Yabare Referral Hospital from 2018 to 2021. A checklist was used to collect the data from the women’s chart. To isolate independent predictors related to failed induction of labour, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.Result: Our study participants were 364 women’s. The magnitude of failed induction of...
We quantize graphs (networks) which consist of a finite number of bonds and vertices. We show tha... more We quantize graphs (networks) which consist of a finite number of bonds and vertices. We show that the spectral statistics of fully connected graphs is well reproduced by random matrix theory. We also define a classical phase space for the graphs, where the dynamics is mixing and the periodic orbits proliferate exponentially. An exact trace formula for the quantum spectrum is developed in terms of the same periodic orbits, and it is used to investigate the origin of the connection between random matrix theory and the underlying chaotic classical dynamics. Being an exact theory, and due to its relative simplicity, it offers new insights into this problem which is at the forefront of the research in Quantum Chaos and related fields.
In this report, we examined baseline affective response to binge eating as a predictor of binge-e... more In this report, we examined baseline affective response to binge eating as a predictor of binge-eating disorder (BED) treatment outcome. Baseline affective response was defined as (a) each individual’s average net change (i.e., area under the curve [AUC]) of positive affect (PA) or negative affect (NA) before and after binge-eating episodes and (b) slope of PA or NA after binge eating across 7 days of ecological momentary assessment. Adults with BED completed integrative cognitive-affective therapy (ICAT-BED) or cognitive behavioral therapy-guided self-help (CBT-gsh). Individuals with greater net increases in PA (AUC) after binge eating at baseline exhibited better treatment response in ICAT-BED at end of treatment and follow-up. NA affective response was significant only at end of treatment; individuals with less rapid postbinge improvements in NA (slope) did better in ICAT-BED, whereas individuals with lower net improvements in NA (AUC) did better in CBT-gsh. Affective response to...
Eating-related Guilt and Mental Health across Middle Childhood to Early Adolescence
Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 2021
Abstract Background Limited research exists on the association of eating-related guilt and mental... more Abstract Background Limited research exists on the association of eating-related guilt and mental health across middle childhood to early adolescence. Therefore, this study examined was guided by two aims: (1) to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between eating-related guilt and mental health (i.e., internalizing symptoms and self-esteem) and (2) to examine how executive functioning deficits moderate the cross-sectional association between eating-related guilt and mental health. Methods Children (N=202) completed self-report measures of eating-related guilt, internalizing symptoms, and self-esteem across three years in six semi-annual waves. A self-report measure of executive functioning deficits was completed at Wave 6. Results Eating-related guilt was positively associated with internalizing symptoms cross-sectionally, but there were no prospective associations. There was a significant parallel association between eating-related guilt and internalizing symptoms slopes, suggesting increases in eating-related guilt were positively associated with internalizing symptoms across waves. Eating-related guilt and self-esteem were unrelated. There was an interaction of eating-related guilt and executive functioning deficits in relation to internalizing symptoms and self-esteem such that at high executive functioning deficits, there was a relation between higher eating-related guilt and increased internalizing symptoms and lower self-esteem. Limitations Constructs were assessed with self-report measures, with eating-related guilt being assessed with an abbreviated measure. For the second aim, only cross-sectional data were available for executive functioning. Conclusions Eating-related guilt and internalizing symptoms appear to track together across middle childhood and early adolescence; executive functioning deficits may explain risk for negative outcomes for children experiencing eating-related guilt.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020
Hedonic hunger (i.e., extreme responsiveness to food) has been associated with obesity and poor d... more Hedonic hunger (i.e., extreme responsiveness to food) has been associated with obesity and poor diet, but findings in the existing literature have primarily been cross-sectional. The current study examined hedonic hunger as a prospective predictor of the longitudinal trajectory of unhealthy food and drink intake across adolescence. Ninth grade students from Los Angeles area high schools (analyzed sample N = 3268) completed paper-and-pencil surveys across four annual waves; hedonic hunger was assessed at Wave 1, and unhealthy food and drink intake was assessed at Waves 1–4. Multilevel models showed a significant main effect of hedonic hunger and interactions between hedonic hunger and the linear and quadratic components of time. The association between hedonic hunger and unhealthy food and drink intake was strongest at Wave 1 and weakened over time, yet those with higher hedonic hunger reported greater unhealthy food and drink intake across the four years. Efforts to prevent and inte...
Delineating the role of binge eating in cancer research
Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 2020
Binge eating is defined as consumption of a large amount of food accompanied by a sense of loss o... more Binge eating is defined as consumption of a large amount of food accompanied by a sense of loss of control over eating. While binge eating is associated with poor physical, behavioral, and psychosocial health, it has not been studied in cancer research. Therefore, the overarching goal of this review is to delineate the role of binge eating in cancer research and to spur new research in this area. Specifically, in this review, we outlined (1) binge eating as a possible risk factor that contributes to cancer risk, (2) how binge eating may develop after cancer diagnosis, and (3) how binge eating may be associated with health and relapse during survivorship. It is critical to elucidate the role of binge eating in the prevention of cancer and long-term cancer survivorship. This review suggested a number of ways that binge eating may increase risk for cancer as well as several pathways that may lead to the development of binge eating after cancer diagnosis. Level V: narrative review.
Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2020
De certa forma, esta "primeira fase" determina um problema "clássico" entre os comentadores. Em D... more De certa forma, esta "primeira fase" determina um problema "clássico" entre os comentadores. Em Deleuze, as fronteiras entre historiador da filosofia e filósofo por vezes se confundem, o que nos conduz a uma dificuldade metodológica: o que constitui um modo deleuziano de historiar a filosofia? Em seus livros é preciso distinguir o que é a parte do filósofo comentado do que é a parte da autoria do comentador, bem como uma coisa implica-se na outra? Em seu doutorado, Fornazari condensa as principais posições relativas a este debate. Seguimos ele: os comentários de Roberto Machado (90), François Zourabichvili (96), Éric Alliez (96) e Luiz Orlandi (00), malgrado suas diferenças, concordariam em dois pontos fundamentais: "(1) Deleuze, definitivamente, não é um comentador, não assume o papel de historiador da filosofia; (2) Deleuze faz filosofia e seu ponto de partida são conceitos provenientes de outros filósofos, mas invariavelmente recriados ou realinhados em função de sua problemática filosófica, até o ponto de tornar indiscernível o que lhe pertence e o que pertence a outrem" (FORNAZARI, 2005, p.24). O termo "gênese" não aparece na Crítica da faculdade de julgar, e a centralidade que Deleuze dá ao problema por vezes parece desviar-se da letra do texto. Provavelmente,
Pediatric Obesity, 2020
The objective of the study was to document and analyze the justifications given by federal instit... more The objective of the study was to document and analyze the justifications given by federal institutions of the United States for governmental control of mathematics education as function of the achievement gaps (AGs) in mathematics. We wanted to shed light on the discourses made in the public arena that have legitimized this control and firmly established in the national conscience that the knowledge of mathematics is essential to the prosperity and survival of the nation. The research question can be briefly stated as "what insights and understandings of the national education policy discourse on the achievement gaps in mathematics does Foucault's (2009) governmentality offer?" THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK In the United States there are persistent and significant differences between ethnic/racial groups where students of Asian and European descent have significantly higher scores than Native American students and students of African or Hispanic descent. Side by side to these differences in race or ethnicity are the differences in wealth. The effect of disparity in income on educational outcomes is at least as incisive as the previous differences. This phenomenon has been called the "racial, ethnic, income, or national achievement gap." The phenomenon has been subject of extensive discussions and research, especially since the publication of the report called "A Nation at Risk" in 1983 (National Commission on Excellence in Education, 1983). Research on the achievement gap is extensive, and research on the political aspects of the achievement gaps also exists (e.g. Apple, 1992; Payne & Biddle, 1999). However, there has been limited research on political discourse regarding the mathematics achievement gap (Ellis et al., 2005; Martin, 2003). Foucault's governmentality Very little scholarly research has been published on the relationship between Foucault's governmentality and the achievement gaps (Suspitsyna, 2010). Governmentality is the process through which a form of government with specific ends (a happy and stable society), means to these ends ("apparatuses of security"), and with a particular type of knowledge ("political economy") to achieve these ends, evolved from a medieval state of justice to a modern administrative state with complex bureaucracies (Burchell, 1991, p. 102). To analyze government is to analyze those mechanisms that try to shape, sculpt, mobilize and work through the choices, desires, aspirations, needs, wants and lifestyles of individuals and groups (Dean, 2009, p. 20). Foucault (2009, pp. 108-109) described governmentality according to three
Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 2020
In this article, we extend the Bayesian nonparametric regression method Gaussian Process Regressi... more In this article, we extend the Bayesian nonparametric regression method Gaussian Process Regression to the analysis of longitudinal panel data. We call this new approach Gaussian Process Panel Modeling (GPPM). GPPM provides great flexibility because of the large number of models it can represent. It allows classical statistical inference as well as machine learning inspired predictive modeling. GPPM offers frequentist and Bayesian inference without the need to resort to Markov chain Monte Carlo-based approximations, which makes the approach exact and fast. GPPMs are defined using the kernel-language, which can express many traditional modeling approaches for longitudinal data, such as linear structural equation models, multilevel models, or state-space models but also various commonly used machine learning approaches. As a result, GPPM is uniquely able to represent hybrid models combining traditional parametric longitudinal models and nonparametric machine learning models. In the present paper, we introduce GPPM and illustrate its utility through theoretical arguments as well as simulated and empirical data.
From Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to Ecological Momentary Intervention (EMI): Past and Future Directions for Ambulatory Assessment and Interventions in Eating Disorders
Current Psychiatry Reports, 2019
Purpose of ReviewAmbulatory assessment methods, including ecological momentary assessment (EMA), ... more Purpose of ReviewAmbulatory assessment methods, including ecological momentary assessment (EMA), have often been used in eating disorders (EDs) to assess the type, frequency, and temporal sequencing of ED symptoms occurring in naturalistic environments. Relatedly, growing research in EDs has explored the utility of ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) to target ED symptoms. The aims of the present review were to (1) synthesize recent literature pertaining to ambulatory assessment/EMA and EMI in EDs, and (2) identify relevant limitations and future directions in these domains.Recent FindingsWith respect to ambulatory assessment and EMA, there has been substantial growth in the expansion of constructs assessed with EMA, the exploration of state- vs. trait-level processes, integration of objective and passive assessment approaches, and consideration of methodological issues. The EMI literature in EDs also continues to grow, though most of the recent research focuses on mobile health (mHealth) technologies with relatively minimal EMI components that adapt to momentary contextual information.SummaryDespite these encouraging advances, there remain several promising areas of ambulatory assessment research and clinical applications in EDs going forward. These include integration of passive data collection, use of EMA in treatment evaluation and design, evaluation of dynamic system processes, inclusion of diverse samples, and development and evaluation of adaptive, tailored EMIs such as just-in-time adaptive interventions. While much remains to be learned in each of these domains, the continual growth in mobile technology has potential to facilitate and refine our understanding of the nature of ED psychopathology and ultimately improve intervention approaches.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2018
Objective: Evidence suggests that eating disorders (EDs) may be under-detected in males. Commonly... more Objective: Evidence suggests that eating disorders (EDs) may be under-detected in males. Commonly used measures of EDs such as the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) were initially developed within female samples, raising concern regarding the extent to which these instruments may be appropriate for detecting EDs in males. The current study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to (a) examine the accuracy of the EDE-Q global score in correctly classifying males with and without clinically significant ED pathology, and (b) establish the optimal EDE-Q global clinical cutoff for males. Method: Participants were a clinical sample of 245 male ED patients and a control sample of 205 male undergraduates. Results: EDE-Q global scores demonstrated moderate-high accuracy in predicting ED status (area under the curve = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.82-0.89). The optimal cutoff of 1.68 yielded a sensitivity of 0.77 and specificity of 0.77. Discussion: Overall, results provide preliminary support for the discriminant validity of EDE-Q scores among males. However, concerns remain regarding the measure's ability to
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2018
Objective: In recent years there has been increasing clinical and empirical interest in neurocogn... more Objective: In recent years there has been increasing clinical and empirical interest in neurocognitive functioning in eating disorders (EDs), which has resulted in numerous quantitative and qualitative reviews. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive synthesis or critical review of this literature to identify future directions to advance the field in this area. Therefore the aim of this systematic review of systematic reviews was to (1) characterize the existing literature on neurocognitive functioning in EDs based on recent reviews (i.e., published since 2010), (2) describe related limitations, and (3) suggest avenues for future research to address gaps in the current literature. Method: Electronic databases were queried for reviews of neurocognitive domains (i.e., inhibitory control, decision making, central coherence, set-shifting, working memory, and attention bias) in EDs, which identified 28 systematic and meta-analytic reviews. Results: Broadly, the literature indicates deficits across these neurocognitive domains in EDs, though heterogeneity was noted in the magnitude of these effects, which varied to some extent across ED subtypes, sample characteristics, and methodological approaches. Discussion: While these reviews have generally suggested varying patterns of neurocognitive deficits across EDs, there remain critical limitations regarding the methodological quality of these studies (e.g., the lack of prospective designs, consideration of confounding influences, or examination of interrelationships between neurocognitive domains and relationships between neurocognition and other relevant behavioral constructs). Specifically, we outline ten key areas that are imperative to address in future research in this area in order to move our field forward.
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Papers by Andualem Mebratu