The decarbonisation of many sectors of the economy, including primarily the energy sector, result... more The decarbonisation of many sectors of the economy, including primarily the energy sector, results in the gradual elimination of hydrocarbon fuels, especially coal. During the transition period, it will be possible to use natural gas, the combustion of which is associated with lower carbon dioxide emissions. Further reduction in this emission is possible with the use of mixtures of natural gas with other gases, e.g., ammonia. Ammonia, widely used in many industries, has recently been described as the emission-free fuel of the future. However, both of these gases are hazardous substances. Natural gas is a flammable gas and ammonia is a toxic gas. This paper presents an assessment of the transport safety of natural gas (methane) and its mixture with ammonia. The uncontrolled release of these substances from a damaged gas pipeline may cause a fire or a toxic hazard. This work presents hazard zones arising in the event of such a failure and determines the impact of various mixture compo...
The further use of coal as fuel in new power plants depends on the application of technologies re... more The further use of coal as fuel in new power plants depends on the application of technologies reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. For this reason, research is being carried out on the gas capture and storage methods. In future, these new technologies will require a new pipeline infrastructure for the transportation of carbon dioxide to storage locations. An important aspect of the transport of CO2 is the assessment of the effects of an uncontrolled release of gas from a damaged pipeline. A reliable assessment of these effects calls for the modelling of the phenomena related to the CO2 leakage. The thermodynamic and flow aspects of the phenomena occurring in a damaged pipeline and in its environment are discussed in this paper. The mathematical models of these phenomena are described and examples of calculations of the changes in CO2 parameters after the damage to the pipeline are presented.
Polish power technologies mainly use fossil fuels. Despite a significant increase in the installe... more Polish power technologies mainly use fossil fuels. Despite a significant increase in the installed capacity from renewable sources, it still makes up more than 90% of the total volume of the electricity produced. Another important characteristic of the generation infrastructure is the advanced age of the majority of the blocks (especially 200 MW). At the stage of implementation are currently four coal-fired blocks with a capacity of approximately 1000 MW. Morever one lignite unit of 500 MW is planned. Economic calculations show that the investment for these blocks is justified by the price of electricity PLN 240–270 / MWh. The observation of the wholesale price indicates, however, that they are significantly lower, with the continuous trend of decline (fig. 4). This means that the introduction of new blocks of high-power to the system at the current price of coal is rather unjustified. Consequently, it pointed to the desirability of other technological solutions. One of them is the ...
According to European Union requirements and directives, the further development of the power ind... more According to European Union requirements and directives, the further development of the power industry based on hydrocarbon fuels is only possible with the application of CCS technologies in power plants. These technologies will greatly reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Although carbon dioxide is not considered to be a toxic gas and its slight amounts are included in atmospheric air, in big concentrations it can pose a health or even life hazard to both humans and animals. Analyzing the individual stages of CCS technology, it may be concluded that the greatest risk is created by a potential failure of the pipelines transporting CO2. In the case of failure, huge amounts of CO2 may get into the surroundings, increasing its concentration in the closest vicinity of the damaged pipeline. This article identifies potential hazards to the environment resulting from these technologies. The gas transportation stage is considered most dangerous one. Sample results of the cal...
The decarbonisation of many sectors of the economy, including primarily the energy sector, result... more The decarbonisation of many sectors of the economy, including primarily the energy sector, results in the gradual elimination of hydrocarbon fuels, especially coal. During the transition period, it will be possible to use natural gas, the combustion of which is associated with lower carbon dioxide emissions. Further reduction in this emission is possible with the use of mixtures of natural gas with other gases, e.g., ammonia. Ammonia, widely used in many industries, has recently been described as the emission-free fuel of the future. However, both of these gases are hazardous substances. Natural gas is a flammable gas and ammonia is a toxic gas. This paper presents an assessment of the transport safety of natural gas (methane) and its mixture with ammonia. The uncontrolled release of these substances from a damaged gas pipeline may cause a fire or a toxic hazard. This work presents hazard zones arising in the event of such a failure and determines the impact of various mixture compo...
The further use of coal as fuel in new power plants depends on the application of technologies re... more The further use of coal as fuel in new power plants depends on the application of technologies reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. For this reason, research is being carried out on the gas capture and storage methods. In future, these new technologies will require a new pipeline infrastructure for the transportation of carbon dioxide to storage locations. An important aspect of the transport of CO2 is the assessment of the effects of an uncontrolled release of gas from a damaged pipeline. A reliable assessment of these effects calls for the modelling of the phenomena related to the CO2 leakage. The thermodynamic and flow aspects of the phenomena occurring in a damaged pipeline and in its environment are discussed in this paper. The mathematical models of these phenomena are described and examples of calculations of the changes in CO2 parameters after the damage to the pipeline are presented.
Polish power technologies mainly use fossil fuels. Despite a significant increase in the installe... more Polish power technologies mainly use fossil fuels. Despite a significant increase in the installed capacity from renewable sources, it still makes up more than 90% of the total volume of the electricity produced. Another important characteristic of the generation infrastructure is the advanced age of the majority of the blocks (especially 200 MW). At the stage of implementation are currently four coal-fired blocks with a capacity of approximately 1000 MW. Morever one lignite unit of 500 MW is planned. Economic calculations show that the investment for these blocks is justified by the price of electricity PLN 240–270 / MWh. The observation of the wholesale price indicates, however, that they are significantly lower, with the continuous trend of decline (fig. 4). This means that the introduction of new blocks of high-power to the system at the current price of coal is rather unjustified. Consequently, it pointed to the desirability of other technological solutions. One of them is the ...
According to European Union requirements and directives, the further development of the power ind... more According to European Union requirements and directives, the further development of the power industry based on hydrocarbon fuels is only possible with the application of CCS technologies in power plants. These technologies will greatly reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Although carbon dioxide is not considered to be a toxic gas and its slight amounts are included in atmospheric air, in big concentrations it can pose a health or even life hazard to both humans and animals. Analyzing the individual stages of CCS technology, it may be concluded that the greatest risk is created by a potential failure of the pipelines transporting CO2. In the case of failure, huge amounts of CO2 may get into the surroundings, increasing its concentration in the closest vicinity of the damaged pipeline. This article identifies potential hazards to the environment resulting from these technologies. The gas transportation stage is considered most dangerous one. Sample results of the cal...
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Papers by Andrzej Rusin