Sand transport by wind is a major factor involving stability of the beach and backshore in some a... more Sand transport by wind is a major factor involving stability of the beach and backshore in some areas. Experimental work on this subject which validated findings of previous investigators with respect to the rate of such transport by wind, was presented in earlier U. S. Army Corps of Engineers publications (Technical Memorandum No. 119 of the former Beach Erosion Board-"Sand Movement by Wind Action: or Characteristics of Sand Traps", and Technical Memorandum No. 1 of the Coastal Engineering Research Center-"Sand Movement by Wind"). The brief report herein summarizes available methods for calculating the actual rate of sand transport by wind and presents specific procedures and calculations for annual transport from the beach inland by wind at a natural beach locality in California.
... CE Database Search | Descriptions | Search Tips | Subject Heading List. Coast of California S... more ... CE Database Search | Descriptions | Search Tips | Subject Heading List. Coast of California Storm and Tidal Wave StudyAn Overview. by Andrew Kadib , Stephen Fine , and Joseph Ryan pp. 836-848 Purchase Information Permissions for Reuse ...
The wave climate along Southern California Coastal area is greatly modified by the existing syste... more The wave climate along Southern California Coastal area is greatly modified by the existing systems of natural islands shown. As deep water wave approach the nearshore area, they generally experience changes in height and direction resulting from refraction and shoaling. Wave heights are further modified by the sheltering effect of these islands. This paper presents the development, verification and application of a model which quantifies the wave height reduction as caused by the offshore islands. An Island Wave Sheltering Coefficient (K is ) was developed. The coefficient (K is ) was found to be a function of a dimensionless number describing the wave period, islands geometry and deep water wave direction.
A quantitative sediment budget analysis was made for the shoreline segment extending from 4 miles... more A quantitative sediment budget analysis was made for the shoreline segment extending from 4 miles north to 4 miles south of Oceanside Harbor using a calibrated shoreline change model. Hindcast wave information, measured shoreline positions, historical beach nourishment volumes, and sand discharges from rivers for the period 1964 to 1974 were used in calibration of the model. Modeling results quantified effects of variability in wave climate and allowed objective evaluation of sand management practices.
This paper presents the development of a verified sedimentation model which is capable of quantif... more This paper presents the development of a verified sedimentation model which is capable of quantifying the rate of dredged navigation channel sedimentation under local waves and currents. The method is based on analysis similar to those of H.E. Einstein for unidirectional flow. The Einstein approach was modified to accommodate non-breaking waves and steady state currents. Method results were field verified by monitoring the sedimentation rates at a test trench at Morro Bay Harbor entrance in California. The method is suitable for application to a range of planning and engineering studies, such as the prediction of bottom material movements, the estimation of transport rates, and sediment rates from dredge disposal sites.
Journal of the Waterways and Harbors Division, 1966
Sand supplied to a coast by streams, cliff erosion, and other sources generally is moved in one d... more Sand supplied to a coast by streams, cliff erosion, and other sources generally is moved in one direction along the shoreline as littoral drift under the action of the prevailing wave conditions in the area. When this drift encounters a partial obstruction, such as a prominent natural headland or a major engineering structure, a condition is realized that is conducive to sediment deposition. Such a littoral compartment eventually becomes filled and some sand is carried past the obstruction. If the topography back of the area of deposition is relatively low and the prevailing winds are onshore, a considerable volume of sand may be moved inland to create a dune system. This loss of material from the coast may affect the stability of the down-coast shoreline. Therefore, knowledge of the annual loss (or supply) of sand from a particular section of coast by wind action is necessary in many instances. A method for estimating the rate of supply or loss of sand involves the use of a suitabl...
A rational design of coast protection works requires a knowledge of the behaviour of beach under ... more A rational design of coast protection works requires a knowledge of the behaviour of beach under natural conditions. The estimation of the littoral drift rate is thus a necessary preliminary to the analysis of the cause of beach erosion and the evaluation of the effect of projected remedial measures. This study presents a method for estimating the rate of littoral drift along sandy beaches. The derived method is based on the use of fluorescent tracer, and observing the tracer concentration reaching the different profiles along the study zone, as function of location and time of sampling. Steps followed in estimating the rate of littoral drift, using the derived formula, are included in this paper.
Estimating the rate of sediment deposition and annual maintenance dredging at offshore dredged ch... more Estimating the rate of sediment deposition and annual maintenance dredging at offshore dredged channels have been two of the most challenging tasks confronting coastal engineers in the past 10 to 15 years. Because of the complexity of the mechanism of sediment-flow interaction and the lack of available practical methods for estimating the sediment transport rate under waves and current action, it is felt that a simple and rational method is needed for describing sediment behavior at offshore dredged channels and estimating accretion rates. It is hoped that this paper contributes to the answer of this problem. The paper describes the mechanism of sediment deposition and presents a simple method for estimating the rate of annual maintenance dredging. The effect of using a submerged breakwater for relieving the sedimentation problem within the dredged channel is also presented.
This study is concerned with the mechanism of sand movement by wind. A method for calculating the... more This study is concerned with the mechanism of sand movement by wind. A method for calculating the rate of transport was developed. This method was based on experience gained in the field of sediment motion in rivers and all available field and wind tunnel data on the subject. '4~7 v LIST OF SYMBOLS AV A2, A3, A4, A5 and Constanta A* Universal constant to be determined experimentally B 1 Impact coefficient B. Constant determined experimentally C Rate of increase of velocity with log height C 1 Cons tant CL Coefficient of lift CB Constant in Bagnold's formula C Constant in Zingg's formula z D Grain size of sand particle D50 Mean grain size of sand particle D1 Grain size of standard sand where D1 = 0.25 mm (Bagnold) F Force due to impact G Rate of sand movement as defined by O'Brien and Rindlaub GF Rate of sand deposition per unit time and area G Rate of sand scouring from the surface per unit of time and area. g Acceleration due to gravity I Impact correction for the equation of sediment motion K Von Karman constant KI, K2 and K3 Constants
Sand transport by wind is a major factor involving stability of the beach and backshore in some a... more Sand transport by wind is a major factor involving stability of the beach and backshore in some areas. Experimental work on this subject which validated findings of previous investigators with respect to the rate of such transport by wind, was presented in earlier U. S. Army Corps of Engineers publications (Technical Memorandum No. 119 of the former Beach Erosion Board-"Sand Movement by Wind Action: or Characteristics of Sand Traps", and Technical Memorandum No. 1 of the Coastal Engineering Research Center-"Sand Movement by Wind"). The brief report herein summarizes available methods for calculating the actual rate of sand transport by wind and presents specific procedures and calculations for annual transport from the beach inland by wind at a natural beach locality in California.
... CE Database Search | Descriptions | Search Tips | Subject Heading List. Coast of California S... more ... CE Database Search | Descriptions | Search Tips | Subject Heading List. Coast of California Storm and Tidal Wave StudyAn Overview. by Andrew Kadib , Stephen Fine , and Joseph Ryan pp. 836-848 Purchase Information Permissions for Reuse ...
The wave climate along Southern California Coastal area is greatly modified by the existing syste... more The wave climate along Southern California Coastal area is greatly modified by the existing systems of natural islands shown. As deep water wave approach the nearshore area, they generally experience changes in height and direction resulting from refraction and shoaling. Wave heights are further modified by the sheltering effect of these islands. This paper presents the development, verification and application of a model which quantifies the wave height reduction as caused by the offshore islands. An Island Wave Sheltering Coefficient (K is ) was developed. The coefficient (K is ) was found to be a function of a dimensionless number describing the wave period, islands geometry and deep water wave direction.
A quantitative sediment budget analysis was made for the shoreline segment extending from 4 miles... more A quantitative sediment budget analysis was made for the shoreline segment extending from 4 miles north to 4 miles south of Oceanside Harbor using a calibrated shoreline change model. Hindcast wave information, measured shoreline positions, historical beach nourishment volumes, and sand discharges from rivers for the period 1964 to 1974 were used in calibration of the model. Modeling results quantified effects of variability in wave climate and allowed objective evaluation of sand management practices.
This paper presents the development of a verified sedimentation model which is capable of quantif... more This paper presents the development of a verified sedimentation model which is capable of quantifying the rate of dredged navigation channel sedimentation under local waves and currents. The method is based on analysis similar to those of H.E. Einstein for unidirectional flow. The Einstein approach was modified to accommodate non-breaking waves and steady state currents. Method results were field verified by monitoring the sedimentation rates at a test trench at Morro Bay Harbor entrance in California. The method is suitable for application to a range of planning and engineering studies, such as the prediction of bottom material movements, the estimation of transport rates, and sediment rates from dredge disposal sites.
Journal of the Waterways and Harbors Division, 1966
Sand supplied to a coast by streams, cliff erosion, and other sources generally is moved in one d... more Sand supplied to a coast by streams, cliff erosion, and other sources generally is moved in one direction along the shoreline as littoral drift under the action of the prevailing wave conditions in the area. When this drift encounters a partial obstruction, such as a prominent natural headland or a major engineering structure, a condition is realized that is conducive to sediment deposition. Such a littoral compartment eventually becomes filled and some sand is carried past the obstruction. If the topography back of the area of deposition is relatively low and the prevailing winds are onshore, a considerable volume of sand may be moved inland to create a dune system. This loss of material from the coast may affect the stability of the down-coast shoreline. Therefore, knowledge of the annual loss (or supply) of sand from a particular section of coast by wind action is necessary in many instances. A method for estimating the rate of supply or loss of sand involves the use of a suitabl...
A rational design of coast protection works requires a knowledge of the behaviour of beach under ... more A rational design of coast protection works requires a knowledge of the behaviour of beach under natural conditions. The estimation of the littoral drift rate is thus a necessary preliminary to the analysis of the cause of beach erosion and the evaluation of the effect of projected remedial measures. This study presents a method for estimating the rate of littoral drift along sandy beaches. The derived method is based on the use of fluorescent tracer, and observing the tracer concentration reaching the different profiles along the study zone, as function of location and time of sampling. Steps followed in estimating the rate of littoral drift, using the derived formula, are included in this paper.
Estimating the rate of sediment deposition and annual maintenance dredging at offshore dredged ch... more Estimating the rate of sediment deposition and annual maintenance dredging at offshore dredged channels have been two of the most challenging tasks confronting coastal engineers in the past 10 to 15 years. Because of the complexity of the mechanism of sediment-flow interaction and the lack of available practical methods for estimating the sediment transport rate under waves and current action, it is felt that a simple and rational method is needed for describing sediment behavior at offshore dredged channels and estimating accretion rates. It is hoped that this paper contributes to the answer of this problem. The paper describes the mechanism of sediment deposition and presents a simple method for estimating the rate of annual maintenance dredging. The effect of using a submerged breakwater for relieving the sedimentation problem within the dredged channel is also presented.
This study is concerned with the mechanism of sand movement by wind. A method for calculating the... more This study is concerned with the mechanism of sand movement by wind. A method for calculating the rate of transport was developed. This method was based on experience gained in the field of sediment motion in rivers and all available field and wind tunnel data on the subject. '4~7 v LIST OF SYMBOLS AV A2, A3, A4, A5 and Constanta A* Universal constant to be determined experimentally B 1 Impact coefficient B. Constant determined experimentally C Rate of increase of velocity with log height C 1 Cons tant CL Coefficient of lift CB Constant in Bagnold's formula C Constant in Zingg's formula z D Grain size of sand particle D50 Mean grain size of sand particle D1 Grain size of standard sand where D1 = 0.25 mm (Bagnold) F Force due to impact G Rate of sand movement as defined by O'Brien and Rindlaub GF Rate of sand deposition per unit time and area G Rate of sand scouring from the surface per unit of time and area. g Acceleration due to gravity I Impact correction for the equation of sediment motion K Von Karman constant KI, K2 and K3 Constants
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