Papers by Andrea Morrison
World sustainable development outlook ..., Apr 10, 2008
This paper explores the determinants of the linkages between industry and research organizations-... more This paper explores the determinants of the linkages between industry and research organizations-including universities. We present new evidence on three wine producing areas-Piedmont, a region of Italy, Chile, South Africa-that have successfully reacted to the recent structural changes experienced in the industry worldwide. Based on an original data-set, we carry out an econometric exercise to study the microeconomic determinants of researchers' collaborations with industry. The evidence reveals that individual researcher characteristics, such as embeddedness in the academic system, age and sex, matter more than their publishing record or formal degrees.
Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society
Different strands of literature have provided important insights into the economic effects of hig... more Different strands of literature have provided important insights into the economic effects of high-skilled migration. Evolutionary economic approaches have provided robust evidence and theories to explain how innovation unfolds in regions. However, with few exceptions they have been silent with regard to the role of migration in this process. This paper, while building on the insights of the above streams of literature, will elaborate a conceptual framework which applies evolutionary economic geography concepts to explore the link between migration, knowledge diffusion and regional diversification. By bringing together all the above arguments, this paper brings evolutionary economic geography (EEG) into an unchartered terrain, one where regional innovation meets migration studies. By engaging in these debates, EEG can prove its interpretative power and provide further insights into the drivers of regional economic dynamics and innovation.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020
Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research pu... more Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Dec 1, 2006
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Research Policy, Jul 1, 2010
Research on University-industry (U-I) linkages and their determinants has increased significantly... more Research on University-industry (U-I) linkages and their determinants has increased significantly in the past few years. However, there is still controversy on the key factors explaining the formation of U-I linkages, and especially related to individual researcher characteristics. This paper provides new empirical evidence and, in particular, looks at the importance of researchers' individual characteristics and their institutional environments in explaining the propensity to engage in different types of U-I linkages. Based on an original dataset, we present new evidence on three wine producing areas-Piedmont, a region of Italy, Chile and South Africa-that have successfully responded to recent structural changes in the industry worldwide. Empirical findings reveal that researchers' individual characteristics, such as centrality in the academic system, age and sex, matter more than publishing records or formal degrees. Institutional specificities at country level also play a role in shaping the propensity of researchers to engage with industry.
Universities and public research organizations (PROs) are key actors in national innovation syste... more Universities and public research organizations (PROs) are key actors in national innovation systems, their primary mission being to enhance indigenous scientific and technological knowledge (Amsden, 1989; Lall, 1992; Nelson, 1993; Fagerberg and Godinho, 2005; ...
Dopo breve premessa sulle categorie interpretative del fenomeno (paragrafo 2) e introduzione meto... more Dopo breve premessa sulle categorie interpretative del fenomeno (paragrafo 2) e introduzione metodologica al lavoro (paragrafo 3), il presente contributo analizza empiricamente le scelte recenti di esternalizzazione (outsourcing) nel settore manifatturiero di una regione avanzata (Lombardia), valutando rilevanza, ambiti funzionali e determinanti dei processi di scorporo su scala internazionale (offshoring) rispetto al ricorso a mercati locali o nazionali di servizi e input materiali intermedi (paragrafo 4). In particolare, il contributo si sofferma sulle caratteristiche delle imprese che hanno seguito percorsi di esternalizzazione su scala internazionale, valutando, attraverso analisi econometrica (paragrafo 5), la rilevanza di processi di autoselezione segnalati dalla letteratura
Studies in global competition, Jan 7, 2008
This paper presents a critical review of the Global Value Chain literature in light of the "Techn... more This paper presents a critical review of the Global Value Chain literature in light of the "Technological Capabilities" approach to innovation and learning in LDCs. It intends to contribute to the GVC approach by setting out an original research agenda for studying their impact on upgrading technological capability building. This form of industrial organization may be particularly beneficial for firms located in LDCs, which are bound to source technology internationally. However, the issues of learning, technological efforts and investments to create and improve technological capabilities at the firm-level remain largely uncovered by this strand of literature. We argue that explicitly addressing these issues within the global value chains literature by using the concepts developed by the technological capabilities literature may importantly contribute to explain developing countries' firms performance, and why and how they benefit in different degrees from participating in global value chains.
Research Papers in Economics, Jul 1, 2018
The idea that skills, technology, and knowledge, are spatially concentrated, has a long academic ... more The idea that skills, technology, and knowledge, are spatially concentrated, has a long academic tradition. Yet, only recently this hypothesis has been empirically formalized and corroborated at multiple spatial scales, for different economic activities, and for a diversity of institutional regimes. The new synthesis is an empirical principle describing the probability that a region enters - or exits - an economic activity as a function of the number of related activities pre- sent in that location. In this paper we summarize some of the recent empirical evidence that has generalized the principle of relatedness to a fact describing the entry and exit of products, industries, occupations, and technologies, at the national, regional, and metropolitan scales. We conclude by describing some of the policy implications and future avenues of research implied by this robust empirical principle.
From a development perspective an investigation of the changes that have occurred in the wine ind... more From a development perspective an investigation of the changes that have occurred in the wine industry is of particular interest because it provides evidence on how emerging economies have been able to acquire significant shares of the international market in a dynamic sector. Based on novel empirical evidence as well as secondary sources, this paper shows that emerging countries with diverse institutional models and innovation strategies, have been driving the process of technological modernization and product standardization. Newcomers in the wine sector have responded particularly effectively to changes in consumption habits, and in aligning emerging scientific approaches with institutional building efforts and successful marketing strategies.
European Economic Review, 2018
Change in industrial leadership is often explained in terms of technological and costs advantages... more Change in industrial leadership is often explained in terms of technological and costs advantages. However firms in emerging economies not only have to produce high quality, cost-competitive goods, but also win the resistance of consumers in the world market, who are often adverse to purchasing products from countries that yet have to build a reputation. We argue that this country-of-origin bias significantly influences the chances of leadership change. A model that aims at capturing the endogenous dynamics of demand building and leapfrogging is proposed. We show that in sectors with high monopoly power acquiring a superior technology is not sufficient for a latecomer country to become leader, unless a significant share of consumers is aware of the quality of its products. An extension of the model to multiple sectors shows that a latecomer country remains specialized into low-value undifferentiated goods, even after overtaking the technology of the leading country.
Unifying Themes in Complex Systems IX, 2018
The idea that skills, technology, and knowledge, are spatially concentrated, has a long academic ... more The idea that skills, technology, and knowledge, are spatially concentrated, has a long academic tradition. Yet, only recently this hypothesis has been empirically formalized and corroborated at multiple spatial scales, for different economic activities, and for a diversity of institutional regimes. The new synthesis is an empirical principle describing the probability that a region enters-or exits-an economic activity as a function of the number of related activities present in that location. In this paper we summarize some of the recent empirical evidence that has generalized the principle of relatedness to a fact describing the entry and exit of products, industries, occupations, and technologies, at the national, regional, and metropolitan scales. We conclude by describing some of the policy implications and future avenues of research implied by this robust empirical principle. C. A. Hidalgo and P.-A. Balland-Contributed equally.
Journal of the European Economic Association
We investigate the importance of co-ethnic networks and diversity in determining immigrant invent... more We investigate the importance of co-ethnic networks and diversity in determining immigrant inventors’ settlements in the US by following the location choices of thousands of them across counties during the Age of Mass Migration. To do so, we combine a unique USPTO historical patent dataset on immigrants who arrived as adults with Census data, and exploit exogenous variation in both immigration flows and diversity induced by former settlements, WWI and the 1920s Immigration Acts. We find that co-ethnic networks play an important role in attracting immigrant inventors. Yet, we also find that immigrant diversity acts as an additional significant pull factor. This is mainly due to externalities that foster immigrant inventors’ productivity.
ABSTRACT The collapse of major North American financial institutions in 2008 led to an era of cre... more ABSTRACT The collapse of major North American financial institutions in 2008 led to an era of credit crunch, firm failures and unprecedented job losses in USA and Europe. Besides its severity, unemployment growth varies tremendously even across regions of the same state, highlighting the unequal resilience of regional economies. Why do some regions suffer less or recover more quickly from crises than others? Regional resilience is more than the ability of a region to accommodate shocks. It also encompasses the long-term ability to develop new social, economic and institutional structures, leading to new growth paths (Boschma, 2014). Recent evolutionary studies on regional resilience suggest that diversified regions can better absorb sector specific shocks. Moreover, skill relatedness between industries seems to prevent outflows of high-skilled workers, enabling the re-allocation of human resources in the economy (Neffke and Henning, 2013). Yet, those studies focus mainly in industry dynamics and no evolutionary empirical contribution has explicitly investigated regions’ employment structure – which is key to understand resilience under the current economic crisis. This paper opens new possibilities to study resilience from an evolutionary perspective. Using a network-based representation of the economy, we model the regional employment structure – the job space – of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas, and its evolution over time, from 1997 to 2013. We provide evidence on their job categories’ position in the network and, using a three-way fixed-effects model, we test whether skill relatedness has been a driving force of employment structure renewal in United States metropolitan areas.
We investigate the impact of the 2008 crisis to study the relationship between economic and techn... more We investigate the impact of the 2008 crisis to study the relationship between economic and technological resilience in 248 European Union regions. For economic resilience we measure the difference between the level of unemployment rate before crisis and the level of unemployment rate at its peak after the crisis — i.e., the unemployment resistance. Using European Patent Office patents, we look at all technological crises in each region since 1978 and build a variable of technological resilience measuring the historical ability of a region to maintain its level of knowledge creation in face of adverse shocks — i.e., the technological resistance. We find that technological resistance is a good predictor of economic resistance. In particular, our results show that (1) important interaction effects exist between technological resistance and human capital, (2) technological resistance and the level of human capital are less effective in protecting female and elder adult workers in an ec...
We have become aware that we omitted to cite the work of Feldman, M.P., Audretsch, D.B., 1999. in... more We have become aware that we omitted to cite the work of Feldman, M.P., Audretsch, D.B., 1999. in the fifth paragraph. Now the missing reference has been included in the chapter.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2009
This paper explores the determinants of the linkages between industry and research organizations-... more This paper explores the determinants of the linkages between industry and research organizations-including universities. We present new evidence on three wine producing areas-Piedmont, a region of Italy, Chile, South Africa-that have successfully reacted to the recent structural changes experienced in the industry worldwide. Based on an original data-set, we carry out an econometric exercise to study the microeconomic determinants of researchers' collaborations with industry. The evidence reveals that individual researcher characteristics, such as embeddedness in the academic system, age and sex, matter more than their publishing record or formal degrees.
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Papers by Andrea Morrison