... Ali Sına , Andrea Kruse,* and Valentin Schwarzkopf. ... (b) Liquid Products. The residual t... more ... Ali Sına , Andrea Kruse,* and Valentin Schwarzkopf. ... (b) Liquid Products. The residual total organic carbon (TOC) content in the liquid effluent was measured by a commercial TOC analyzer (Rosemount Dohrmann DC-190). ...
To understand the influence of experimental conditions on the chemistry of biomass degradation in... more To understand the influence of experimental conditions on the chemistry of biomass degradation in supercritical water, the effect of heating rate and of different catalysts (1 wt % of Raney nickel and 0.5 wt % K 2 CO 3 ) on the product distribution during hydropyrolysis of glucose is investigated. Glucose in aqueous solution (5 wt %) is selected as a model compound for cellulosic biomass. The heating rates are 1 or 3 K/min up to 500°C, and then, the reactor is kept at this temperature for 1 h. Despite the long reaction time of 1 h at 500°C, the presence of catalysts has an significant influence on intermediates of glucose gasification such as phenols or furfurals. The influence of catalyst and the heating rate on these intermediates and the product yields points to the assumption that the chemical processes during heating have a drastic effect on the results of the gasification process at 500°C.
The hydrothermal gasification is a promising process to produce hydrogen from biomass with high w... more The hydrothermal gasification is a promising process to produce hydrogen from biomass with high water content. In a lot of cases, this biomass may contain proteins, for example, in residues from the food industry or sewage sludge. In Part I of this serial, experiments on hydrothermal gasification of protein containing biomass (zoo mass) have been reported. This biomass produces lower gas yields than biomass originating exclusively from plants (phyto mass). To understand these findings, experiments with model compounds are necessary. Here, such experiments with model compounds in a tubular and a batch reactor are described. The model system for the phyto mass is glucose with a potassium salt, and the model system for the zoo mass is glucose, potassium salt, and the amino acid alanine. The model systems show a lower gas yield in the presence of alanine. So the presence of alanine in the model system has a similar effect to the presence of proteins in biomass. Additionally, the gas composition and the concentration of selected key compounds are slightly changed by alanine addition. Likely, consecutive products of carbohydrate and protein degradation react with each other. In such Maillard reactions, free radical scavengers might be formed, reducing the reaction rate of free radical chain reactions that are highly relevant for gas formation. Therefore, the gas yield is lower in the presence of proteins or amino acids compared with systems without these compounds. In addition, experiments with real biomass in a batch reactor were reported to verify the assumption of Maillard products reducing free radical reactions. As an example, the addition of urea to phyto mass leads to a decrease of the gas yield to a value similar to that found for zoo mass.
... Kluth, M.; Petrich, G.; Sadri, E.; Schacht, M. Hydrothermal Gasification of Biomass and Organ... more ... Kluth, M.; Petrich, G.; Sadri, E.; Schacht, M. Hydrothermal Gasification of Biomass and Organic Wastes. J. Supercrit. Fluids 2000, 17, 145. ... M.; Petrich, G.; Sadri, E.; Schacht, M.; Schmieder, H. Gasification of Biomass and Model Compounds in Hot Compressed Water. Wiss. Ber. ...
The hydrothermal gasification is a promising process to produce hydrogen from biomass with high w... more The hydrothermal gasification is a promising process to produce hydrogen from biomass with high water content. In a lot of cases, this biomass may contain proteins, for example, in residues from the food industry or sewage sludge. In Part I of this serial, experiments on hydrothermal gasification of protein containing biomass (zoo mass) have been reported. This biomass produces lower gas yields than biomass originating exclusively from plants (phyto mass). To understand these findings, experiments with model compounds are necessary. Here, such experiments with model compounds in a tubular and a batch reactor are described. The model system for the phyto mass is glucose with a potassium salt, and the model system for the zoo mass is glucose, potassium salt, and the amino acid alanine. The model systems show a lower gas yield in the presence of alanine. So the presence of alanine in the model system has a similar effect to the presence of proteins in biomass. Additionally, the gas composition and the concentration of selected key compounds are slightly changed by alanine addition. Likely, consecutive products of carbohydrate and protein degradation react with each other. In such Maillard reactions, free radical scavengers might be formed, reducing the reaction rate of free radical chain reactions that are highly relevant for gas formation. Therefore, the gas yield is lower in the presence of proteins or amino acids compared with systems without these compounds. In addition, experiments with real biomass in a batch reactor were reported to verify the assumption of Maillard products reducing free radical reactions. As an example, the addition of urea to phyto mass leads to a decrease of the gas yield to a value similar to that found for zoo mass.
... Ali Sına , Andrea Kruse,* and Valentin Schwarzkopf. ... (b) Liquid Products. The residual t... more ... Ali Sına , Andrea Kruse,* and Valentin Schwarzkopf. ... (b) Liquid Products. The residual total organic carbon (TOC) content in the liquid effluent was measured by a commercial TOC analyzer (Rosemount Dohrmann DC-190). ...
To understand the influence of experimental conditions on the chemistry of biomass degradation in... more To understand the influence of experimental conditions on the chemistry of biomass degradation in supercritical water, the effect of heating rate and of different catalysts (1 wt % of Raney nickel and 0.5 wt % K 2 CO 3 ) on the product distribution during hydropyrolysis of glucose is investigated. Glucose in aqueous solution (5 wt %) is selected as a model compound for cellulosic biomass. The heating rates are 1 or 3 K/min up to 500°C, and then, the reactor is kept at this temperature for 1 h. Despite the long reaction time of 1 h at 500°C, the presence of catalysts has an significant influence on intermediates of glucose gasification such as phenols or furfurals. The influence of catalyst and the heating rate on these intermediates and the product yields points to the assumption that the chemical processes during heating have a drastic effect on the results of the gasification process at 500°C.
The hydrothermal gasification is a promising process to produce hydrogen from biomass with high w... more The hydrothermal gasification is a promising process to produce hydrogen from biomass with high water content. In a lot of cases, this biomass may contain proteins, for example, in residues from the food industry or sewage sludge. In Part I of this serial, experiments on hydrothermal gasification of protein containing biomass (zoo mass) have been reported. This biomass produces lower gas yields than biomass originating exclusively from plants (phyto mass). To understand these findings, experiments with model compounds are necessary. Here, such experiments with model compounds in a tubular and a batch reactor are described. The model system for the phyto mass is glucose with a potassium salt, and the model system for the zoo mass is glucose, potassium salt, and the amino acid alanine. The model systems show a lower gas yield in the presence of alanine. So the presence of alanine in the model system has a similar effect to the presence of proteins in biomass. Additionally, the gas composition and the concentration of selected key compounds are slightly changed by alanine addition. Likely, consecutive products of carbohydrate and protein degradation react with each other. In such Maillard reactions, free radical scavengers might be formed, reducing the reaction rate of free radical chain reactions that are highly relevant for gas formation. Therefore, the gas yield is lower in the presence of proteins or amino acids compared with systems without these compounds. In addition, experiments with real biomass in a batch reactor were reported to verify the assumption of Maillard products reducing free radical reactions. As an example, the addition of urea to phyto mass leads to a decrease of the gas yield to a value similar to that found for zoo mass.
... Kluth, M.; Petrich, G.; Sadri, E.; Schacht, M. Hydrothermal Gasification of Biomass and Organ... more ... Kluth, M.; Petrich, G.; Sadri, E.; Schacht, M. Hydrothermal Gasification of Biomass and Organic Wastes. J. Supercrit. Fluids 2000, 17, 145. ... M.; Petrich, G.; Sadri, E.; Schacht, M.; Schmieder, H. Gasification of Biomass and Model Compounds in Hot Compressed Water. Wiss. Ber. ...
The hydrothermal gasification is a promising process to produce hydrogen from biomass with high w... more The hydrothermal gasification is a promising process to produce hydrogen from biomass with high water content. In a lot of cases, this biomass may contain proteins, for example, in residues from the food industry or sewage sludge. In Part I of this serial, experiments on hydrothermal gasification of protein containing biomass (zoo mass) have been reported. This biomass produces lower gas yields than biomass originating exclusively from plants (phyto mass). To understand these findings, experiments with model compounds are necessary. Here, such experiments with model compounds in a tubular and a batch reactor are described. The model system for the phyto mass is glucose with a potassium salt, and the model system for the zoo mass is glucose, potassium salt, and the amino acid alanine. The model systems show a lower gas yield in the presence of alanine. So the presence of alanine in the model system has a similar effect to the presence of proteins in biomass. Additionally, the gas composition and the concentration of selected key compounds are slightly changed by alanine addition. Likely, consecutive products of carbohydrate and protein degradation react with each other. In such Maillard reactions, free radical scavengers might be formed, reducing the reaction rate of free radical chain reactions that are highly relevant for gas formation. Therefore, the gas yield is lower in the presence of proteins or amino acids compared with systems without these compounds. In addition, experiments with real biomass in a batch reactor were reported to verify the assumption of Maillard products reducing free radical reactions. As an example, the addition of urea to phyto mass leads to a decrease of the gas yield to a value similar to that found for zoo mass.
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