International Journal of Food Safety Nutrition and Public Health, Mar 20, 2015
ABSTRACT How do college students perceive foods in vending machines, and how can understanding th... more ABSTRACT How do college students perceive foods in vending machines, and how can understanding those perceptions inform public health efforts to create healthier food environments? Approximately 200 students were surveyed about their perceptions and uses of campus vending machines, before and after selected conventional foods in two machines were replaced with healthier options. No promotions were used, nor were incentives given. Perceiving the food as healthier did not compromise the perceived tastiness or convenience of the food. In particular, students who reported being the most physically active were most likely to perceive food in these locations to be healthier at post-test. Applying Fazio's MODE theory as an explanatory model, these students' uses of the foods appeared to become more planned and less impulsive. Overall, self-reported purchasing from the two machines remained steady despite declines in sales from vending machines campus-wide. Results offer insights for promoting healthier choices and suggest that improving the healthiness of vending machine selections can serve all stakeholders: consumers, companies, and institutions.
International Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition and Public Health, 2014
ABSTRACT How do college students perceive foods in vending machines, and how can understanding th... more ABSTRACT How do college students perceive foods in vending machines, and how can understanding those perceptions inform public health efforts to create healthier food environments? Approximately 200 students were surveyed about their perceptions and uses of campus vending machines, before and after selected conventional foods in two machines were replaced with healthier options. No promotions were used, nor were incentives given. Perceiving the food as healthier did not compromise the perceived tastiness or convenience of the food. In particular, students who reported being the most physically active were most likely to perceive food in these locations to be healthier at post-test. Applying Fazio's MODE theory as an explanatory model, these students' uses of the foods appeared to become more planned and less impulsive. Overall, self-reported purchasing from the two machines remained steady despite declines in sales from vending machines campus-wide. Results offer insights for promoting healthier choices and suggest that improving the healthiness of vending machine selections can serve all stakeholders: consumers, companies, and institutions.
We used nationally representative data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination S... more We used nationally representative data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to examine the relationship between low iron stores (serum ferritin < 12 microg/L) and dietary patterns that might affect iron status among Mexican American (MA) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) girls and women of reproductive age (12-39 y). Dietary data from the qualitative food-frequency questionnaire were used to classify subjects into three categories (using the 25th and 75th quartile values for NHW) for intake of heme iron, nonheme iron, iron absorption enhancers, and iron absorption inhibitors. The prevalence of low iron stores was 17.4% among MA (n = 1368) and 7.9% among NHW (n = 1473). Compared with high intake, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for low iron stores was 1.80 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24-2.62] for medium intake of heme iron and 0.48 (95% CI, 0.25-0.91) for low intake of nonheme iron (plus iron supplement). Compared with no use, use of vitamin C ...
The role of achievement motivation on precompetitive anxiety was examined in 73 dyads comprising ... more The role of achievement motivation on precompetitive anxiety was examined in 73 dyads comprising youth athletes and a parent of each athlete. Participants completed questionnaires assessing achievement goals and anxiety. Actor-partner interdependence models were estimated using Mplus 7.11. Parents' adoption of performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals predicted athletes' worry (β performance-approach = .30, p < .01; β performance-avoidance = .25, p < .05). Athletes' adoption of any goal predicted parents' concentration disruption (β mastery-approach = .41; β mastery-avoidance = .30, p < .01; β performance-approach = .27; β performance-avoidance = .22, p < .05). Thus, parental definitions of competence held for the child was related to their young athlete's emotional state and vice versa.
Food insecurity is detrimental to child development, yet little is known about the combined influ... more Food insecurity is detrimental to child development, yet little is known about the combined influence of food insecurity and nutritional interventions on child development in low-income countries. We proposed that women assigned to an early invitation time to start a prenatal food supplementation program could reduce the negative influence of food insecurity on maternal-infant interaction. A cohort of 180 mother-infant dyads were studied (born between May and October 2003) from among 3267 in the randomized controlled trial Maternal Infant Nutritional Interventions Matlab, which was conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh. At 8 wk gestation, women were randomly assigned an invitation time to start receiving food supplements (2.5 MJ/d; 6 d/wk) either early (;9 wk gestation; early-invitation group) or at the usual start time (;20 wk gestation; usualinvitation group) for the government program. Maternal-infant interaction was observed in homes with the use of the Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training Feeding Scale, and food-insecurity status was obtained from questionnaires completed when infants were 3.4-4.0 mo old. By using a general linear model for maternal-infant interaction, we found a significant interaction (P = 0.012) between invitation time to start a prenatal food supplementation program and food insecurity. Those in the usual-invitation group with higher food insecurity scores (i.e., more food insecure) had a lower quality of maternal-infant interaction, but this relationship was ameliorated among those in the early-invitation group. Food insecurity limits the ability of mothers and infants to interact well, but an early invitation time to start a prenatal food supplementation program can support mother-infant interaction among those who are food insecure.
Background: Good maternal-infant interaction is essential for optimal infant growth, health, and ... more Background: Good maternal-infant interaction is essential for optimal infant growth, health, and development. Although micronutrient malnutrition has been associated with poorer interaction, the effects of maternal micronutrient supplementation on interaction are unknown. Objectives: We examined differences in maternal-infant feeding interaction between 3 maternal pre-and postpartum micronutrient supplementation groups that differed in iron dose and inclusion of multiple micronutrients and determined whether any differences observed were mediated by maternal distress. Design: A cohort of 180 pregnant women was selected from 3300 women in the randomized controlled trial Maternal Infant Nutritional Interventions Matlab, which was conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh. At 8 wk of gestation, women were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups to receive a daily supplement of micronutrients (14 wk gestation to 12 wk postpartum): 60 or 30 mg Fe each with 400 lg folic acid or multiple micronutrients (MuMS; 30 mg Fe, 400 lg folic acid, and other micronutrients). A maternal-infant feeding interaction was observed in the home when infants were 3.4-4.0 mo of age, and maternal distress was assessed. Results: Compared with 30 mg Fe, 60 mg Fe decreased the quality of maternal-infant feeding interaction by '10%. Compared with 30 mg Fe, MuMS did not improve interaction but reduced maternal early postpartum distress. Distress did not mediate the effects of micronutrient supplementation on interaction. Conclusion: For pregnant and postpartum women, micronutrient supplementation should be based on both nutritional variables (eg, iron status) and functional outcomes (eg, maternal-infant interaction and maternal distress).
Low birthweight increases the risk of infant mortality, morbidity and poor development. Maternal ... more Low birthweight increases the risk of infant mortality, morbidity and poor development. Maternal nutrition and stress influence birth size, but their combined effect is not known. We hypothesised that an early-invitation time to start a prenatal food supplementation programme could reduce the negative influence of prenatal maternal stress on birth size, and that effect would differ by infant sex. A cohort of 1041 pregnant women, who had delivered an infant, June 2003-March 2004, was sampled from among 3267 in the randomised controlled trial, Maternal Infant Nutritional Interventions Matlab, conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh. At 8 weeks gestation, women were randomly assigned an invitation to start food supplements (2.5 MJ d -1 ; 6 days a week) either early (~9 weeks gestation; early-invitation group) or at usual start time for the governmental programme (~20 weeks gestation; usual-invitation group). Morning concentration of cortisol was measured from one saliva sample/ woman at 28-32 weeks gestation to assess stress. Birth-size measurements for 90% of infants were collected within 4 days of birth. In a general linear model, there was an interaction between invitation time to start the food supplementation programme and cortisol with birthweight, length and head circumference of male infants, but not female infants. Among the usual-invitation group only, male infants whose mothers had higher prenatal cortisol weighed less than those whose mothers had lower prenatal cortisol. Prenatal food supplementation programmes that begin first trimester may support greater birth size of male infants despite high maternal stress where low birthweight is a public health concern.
International Journal of Food Safety Nutrition and Public Health, Mar 20, 2015
ABSTRACT How do college students perceive foods in vending machines, and how can understanding th... more ABSTRACT How do college students perceive foods in vending machines, and how can understanding those perceptions inform public health efforts to create healthier food environments? Approximately 200 students were surveyed about their perceptions and uses of campus vending machines, before and after selected conventional foods in two machines were replaced with healthier options. No promotions were used, nor were incentives given. Perceiving the food as healthier did not compromise the perceived tastiness or convenience of the food. In particular, students who reported being the most physically active were most likely to perceive food in these locations to be healthier at post-test. Applying Fazio&#39;s MODE theory as an explanatory model, these students&#39; uses of the foods appeared to become more planned and less impulsive. Overall, self-reported purchasing from the two machines remained steady despite declines in sales from vending machines campus-wide. Results offer insights for promoting healthier choices and suggest that improving the healthiness of vending machine selections can serve all stakeholders: consumers, companies, and institutions.
International Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition and Public Health, 2014
ABSTRACT How do college students perceive foods in vending machines, and how can understanding th... more ABSTRACT How do college students perceive foods in vending machines, and how can understanding those perceptions inform public health efforts to create healthier food environments? Approximately 200 students were surveyed about their perceptions and uses of campus vending machines, before and after selected conventional foods in two machines were replaced with healthier options. No promotions were used, nor were incentives given. Perceiving the food as healthier did not compromise the perceived tastiness or convenience of the food. In particular, students who reported being the most physically active were most likely to perceive food in these locations to be healthier at post-test. Applying Fazio&#39;s MODE theory as an explanatory model, these students&#39; uses of the foods appeared to become more planned and less impulsive. Overall, self-reported purchasing from the two machines remained steady despite declines in sales from vending machines campus-wide. Results offer insights for promoting healthier choices and suggest that improving the healthiness of vending machine selections can serve all stakeholders: consumers, companies, and institutions.
We used nationally representative data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination S... more We used nationally representative data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to examine the relationship between low iron stores (serum ferritin < 12 microg/L) and dietary patterns that might affect iron status among Mexican American (MA) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) girls and women of reproductive age (12-39 y). Dietary data from the qualitative food-frequency questionnaire were used to classify subjects into three categories (using the 25th and 75th quartile values for NHW) for intake of heme iron, nonheme iron, iron absorption enhancers, and iron absorption inhibitors. The prevalence of low iron stores was 17.4% among MA (n = 1368) and 7.9% among NHW (n = 1473). Compared with high intake, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for low iron stores was 1.80 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24-2.62] for medium intake of heme iron and 0.48 (95% CI, 0.25-0.91) for low intake of nonheme iron (plus iron supplement). Compared with no use, use of vitamin C ...
The role of achievement motivation on precompetitive anxiety was examined in 73 dyads comprising ... more The role of achievement motivation on precompetitive anxiety was examined in 73 dyads comprising youth athletes and a parent of each athlete. Participants completed questionnaires assessing achievement goals and anxiety. Actor-partner interdependence models were estimated using Mplus 7.11. Parents' adoption of performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals predicted athletes' worry (β performance-approach = .30, p < .01; β performance-avoidance = .25, p < .05). Athletes' adoption of any goal predicted parents' concentration disruption (β mastery-approach = .41; β mastery-avoidance = .30, p < .01; β performance-approach = .27; β performance-avoidance = .22, p < .05). Thus, parental definitions of competence held for the child was related to their young athlete's emotional state and vice versa.
Food insecurity is detrimental to child development, yet little is known about the combined influ... more Food insecurity is detrimental to child development, yet little is known about the combined influence of food insecurity and nutritional interventions on child development in low-income countries. We proposed that women assigned to an early invitation time to start a prenatal food supplementation program could reduce the negative influence of food insecurity on maternal-infant interaction. A cohort of 180 mother-infant dyads were studied (born between May and October 2003) from among 3267 in the randomized controlled trial Maternal Infant Nutritional Interventions Matlab, which was conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh. At 8 wk gestation, women were randomly assigned an invitation time to start receiving food supplements (2.5 MJ/d; 6 d/wk) either early (;9 wk gestation; early-invitation group) or at the usual start time (;20 wk gestation; usualinvitation group) for the government program. Maternal-infant interaction was observed in homes with the use of the Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training Feeding Scale, and food-insecurity status was obtained from questionnaires completed when infants were 3.4-4.0 mo old. By using a general linear model for maternal-infant interaction, we found a significant interaction (P = 0.012) between invitation time to start a prenatal food supplementation program and food insecurity. Those in the usual-invitation group with higher food insecurity scores (i.e., more food insecure) had a lower quality of maternal-infant interaction, but this relationship was ameliorated among those in the early-invitation group. Food insecurity limits the ability of mothers and infants to interact well, but an early invitation time to start a prenatal food supplementation program can support mother-infant interaction among those who are food insecure.
Background: Good maternal-infant interaction is essential for optimal infant growth, health, and ... more Background: Good maternal-infant interaction is essential for optimal infant growth, health, and development. Although micronutrient malnutrition has been associated with poorer interaction, the effects of maternal micronutrient supplementation on interaction are unknown. Objectives: We examined differences in maternal-infant feeding interaction between 3 maternal pre-and postpartum micronutrient supplementation groups that differed in iron dose and inclusion of multiple micronutrients and determined whether any differences observed were mediated by maternal distress. Design: A cohort of 180 pregnant women was selected from 3300 women in the randomized controlled trial Maternal Infant Nutritional Interventions Matlab, which was conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh. At 8 wk of gestation, women were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups to receive a daily supplement of micronutrients (14 wk gestation to 12 wk postpartum): 60 or 30 mg Fe each with 400 lg folic acid or multiple micronutrients (MuMS; 30 mg Fe, 400 lg folic acid, and other micronutrients). A maternal-infant feeding interaction was observed in the home when infants were 3.4-4.0 mo of age, and maternal distress was assessed. Results: Compared with 30 mg Fe, 60 mg Fe decreased the quality of maternal-infant feeding interaction by '10%. Compared with 30 mg Fe, MuMS did not improve interaction but reduced maternal early postpartum distress. Distress did not mediate the effects of micronutrient supplementation on interaction. Conclusion: For pregnant and postpartum women, micronutrient supplementation should be based on both nutritional variables (eg, iron status) and functional outcomes (eg, maternal-infant interaction and maternal distress).
Low birthweight increases the risk of infant mortality, morbidity and poor development. Maternal ... more Low birthweight increases the risk of infant mortality, morbidity and poor development. Maternal nutrition and stress influence birth size, but their combined effect is not known. We hypothesised that an early-invitation time to start a prenatal food supplementation programme could reduce the negative influence of prenatal maternal stress on birth size, and that effect would differ by infant sex. A cohort of 1041 pregnant women, who had delivered an infant, June 2003-March 2004, was sampled from among 3267 in the randomised controlled trial, Maternal Infant Nutritional Interventions Matlab, conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh. At 8 weeks gestation, women were randomly assigned an invitation to start food supplements (2.5 MJ d -1 ; 6 days a week) either early (~9 weeks gestation; early-invitation group) or at usual start time for the governmental programme (~20 weeks gestation; usual-invitation group). Morning concentration of cortisol was measured from one saliva sample/ woman at 28-32 weeks gestation to assess stress. Birth-size measurements for 90% of infants were collected within 4 days of birth. In a general linear model, there was an interaction between invitation time to start the food supplementation programme and cortisol with birthweight, length and head circumference of male infants, but not female infants. Among the usual-invitation group only, male infants whose mothers had higher prenatal cortisol weighed less than those whose mothers had lower prenatal cortisol. Prenatal food supplementation programmes that begin first trimester may support greater birth size of male infants despite high maternal stress where low birthweight is a public health concern.
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