Journal of College of Medical Sciences-nepal, Sep 30, 2018
Background: Temporomandibular disorder is a term used to describe problems involving temporomandi... more Background: Temporomandibular disorder is a term used to describe problems involving temporomandibular joint, muscles of mastication, occlusion characterized by symptoms such as pain, restricted movements and intermittent joint sound. The present study was conducted to determine prevalence of TMD and to describe its association with parafunctional habits. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 345 undergraduate students of KIST Medical College and Hospital. Study population was selected by simple random sampling and the Fonseca Anamnestic Questionnaires were distributed. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 16. Results: The prevalence of TMD was 47.4% with mild and moderate type of TMD present. The most common habit was chewing gums followed by biting of lips and biting of objects. Statistically significant difference in TMD groups was observed in clenching and grinding of teeth, biting of lips and biting of objects (p<0.001). There was statistically significant association between TMD and the signs and symptoms such as headaches, difficult to open mouth, muscular pain while chewing (p<0.001). Conclusions: A statistically significant association was found between biting of lips, grinding of teeth and mouth breathing with TMD.
Journal of Nepal Medical Association, Jan 23, 2022
Introduction: The Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has sent humanity indoors, replacing hu... more Introduction: The Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has sent humanity indoors, replacing human contact with an electronic connection. The mandatory online classes and work from home policy to maintain the social distancing during the pandemic has forced the individual to spend most of the time in front of laptops or mobile screens. Digital eye strain is a group of vision-related symptoms that result from the continuous use of devices with digital displays, such as computers, tablets, and smartphones. The present study is done to find out the prevalence of digital eye strain among the adult population in a tertiary care hospital in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done from 16 th January 2021 to 31 st July 2021 in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Registration number: 077/78/30). Convenience sampling was done. The sample size calculated in our study was 322. Data collection and entry were done in Microsoft Excel, point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: The prevalence of digital eye strain was 300 (94.3%) (91.8-96.8 at 95% Confidence Interval) among 318 respondents. Eye strain (irritation, heaviness) was the most common digital eye strain symptom 199 (62.6%) followed by the tiredness of eyes 162 (50.9%). Conclusions: The present study concluded that the prevalence of digital eye strain in the era of COVID-19 is high as compared to other studies conducted among adults.
The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) recommends using specialist surgical workforce de... more The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) recommends using specialist surgical workforce density as one of 6 core indicators for monitoring universal access to safe, affordable surgical and anaesthesia care. Using Nepal as a case study, we explored the capacity of a generalist workforce (led by a family physician or MD general practitioner and non-physician anaesthetist) to enable effective surgical delivery through task-shifting. Using a multiple-methods approach, we retrospectively mapped essential surgical care and the enabling environment for surgery in 39 hospitals in 25 remote districts in Nepal and compared it with LCoGS indicators. All 25 districts performed surgery, 21 performed Caesarean section (CS), and 5 met at least 50% of district CS needs. Generalist surgical teams performed CS, the essential major operation at the district level, and very few laparotomies, but no operative orthopaedics. The density of specialist Surgeon/Anaesthesiologist/Obstetrician (SAO) was 0�4/100,000; that of Generalist teams (gSAO) led by a family physician (MD General Practitioners-MDGP) supported by non-physician anaesthetists was eight times higher at 3�1/100,000. gSAO presence was positively associated with a twofold increase in CS availability. All surgical rates were well below LCoGS targets. 46% of hospitals had adequate enabling environments for surgery, 28% had functioning anaesthesia machines, and 75% had blood transfusion services. Despite very low SAO density, and often inadequate enabling environment, surgery can be done in remote districts. gSAO teams led by family physicians are providing essential surgery, with CS the commonest major operation. gSAO density is eight times higher than specialists and they can undertake more complex operations than just CS alone. These family physician-led functional teams are providing a pathway to effective surgical coverage in remote Nepal.
The aim of this study was to assess the tongue cleaning habit among the people to maintain and im... more The aim of this study was to assess the tongue cleaning habit among the people to maintain and improve the quality of oral hygiene. This cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatient department of People’s Dental college and hospital, department of Community Dentistry among 312 patients 185 female and 127 male between 18-60 years. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part consisted of socio-demographic details of participants (age, sex, education and occupation). The second part consisted of 17 questions related to tongue cleanliness behavior. Self-constructed questionnaire adopted from previous study. Data analysis was done by using SPSS 20 version and descriptive statistics were calculated. Out of total 312 participants, 53.8% had a tongue cleaning habits. Sixty nine percent participants cleaned the tongue every day. About two-thirds 65% use toothbrush. Nearly 62% of the participants took 15- 30sec for tongue cleaning. Fifty percent clean the e...
Essential medicines are those medicines that satisfy the primary health care needs of the citizen... more Essential medicines are those medicines that satisfy the primary health care needs of the citizens. Poor quality of essential medicines can have serious impact on public health. Thus, this study is aimed to assess the quality of essential medicines available in public health care facilities of Nepal. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in 62 health facilities across 21 districts, representing all seven provinces of Nepal and selected proportionately from all three ecological regions i.e. Terai, Hill and Mountain using lottery method. Health facilities in selected districts were chosen using random number generator. Face to face interview was taken with health facility in charge using structured questionnaire. All storage conditions information was recorded through observation checklists. Temperature and humidity were measured using a digital instrument. Similarly, 20 different generic medicines were collected for quality testing. The obtained data were entered in Epi...
Background: Good oral health plays an important role to improve the quality of life and general h... more Background: Good oral health plays an important role to improve the quality of life and general health of the people. Oral health depends on several factors including individual personal attitudes, behavior and perception. The aim was to assess the gingival health and oral hygiene among the population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatient department of Community Dentistry among 369 patient of age group of 18-60 years. History taking and oral health examination was done to collect the information. The questionnaire covered demographic details, ethnicity, religion, oral hygiene habits and gingival health of the participants. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 20 version using descriptive test like frequencies, percentage. Chi square test was done to determine the association between brushing technique and gingival index score and Fischer exact test was used to see the association between material used and gingival index. Results: Majority of the par...
Background: Mandibular condyle has a variety of morphology. The changes in their shape and size h... more Background: Mandibular condyle has a variety of morphology. The changes in their shape and size has been attributed to ageing process, developmental abnormalities, distinct diseases, trauma, endocrine shock, radio therapy etc. Panoramic radiographs remain the easiest, safest and most cost-effective screening modality for temporomandibular joint abnormalities. The study aimed to assess the different shapes of condyles using orthopantomograms from the archives of the hospital data. The variations among the sexes and between the right and left sides of an individual were also determined. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at People’s Dental College and Hospital within the time period of 1 year (November 2019- November 2020). Orthopantomogram of patients falling within the inclusion criteria were studied. The different shapes of condylar process were traced using marker pencil for both right and left sides. Data collected was entered in Microsoft Office Excel sheet 2013-- ...
Background. Studies report discrepancies between CVP and JVP measurements. Te mid-thoracic plane ... more Background. Studies report discrepancies between CVP and JVP measurements. Te mid-thoracic plane (MTP) at the anterior fourth intercostal space level indicates the zero-reference level (ZRL) for venous pressure measurement, and the midaxillary line (MAL) at fourth intercostal space is a point near the ZRL in the supine position. JVP is usually measured from the sternal angle (SA) with further addition of 5 cm (JVP-SA + 5) and CVP in the supine position from MAL (CVP-MAL). However, no report has compared CVP measured from MTP (CVP-MTP) with CVP-MAL and with JVP from MTP (JVP-MTP) and JVP-SA + 5. Methods. We measured JVP-MTP and JVP-SA + 5 in appropriate reclining positions and subsequently CVP-MTP and CVP-MAL in the supine position blindly in 150 patients. We compared the pressures by Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman plots. Results. CVP-MTP and CVP-MAL demonstrated similar means (p � 0.129), strong positive linear relationship (r = 0.908), and good agreement (near-zero mean diference) with each other. JVP-MTP was about 1 cm higher than JVP-SA + 5 (p < 0.001). JVP-MTP displayed higher correlation coefcients and better agreements with both CVPs than JVP-SA+5. Correlation coefcients and mean diferences of both CVPs with JVP-MTP were almost equal, about 0.83 and 1 cm, and with JVP-SA + 5 also almost equal, about 0.72 and 2 cm, respectively. Conclusions. JVP tallies better with CVP examined in the supine position when both are measured from MTP as the identical external reference point (ERP), and MAL can be used as MTP to measure CVP in the supine position. Our fndings indicate the way to explore the matching of CVP and JVP to the full extent possible by standardizing their measurements from other identical ERPs to that from the zero-reference level MTP. Teir further study in similar higher reclining positions from identical ERPs, such as MTP, MAL, and SA with the addition of higher numbers instead of 5 cm, is warranted standardizing other measurements to that from MTP.
Background: Medical research is the foundation for gaining scientific information and learning. H... more Background: Medical research is the foundation for gaining scientific information and learning. However, in developing countries like Nepal, it is given low priority, mostly due to inadequate research funding. This study was aimed to assess the attitude and the barriers associated with medical research. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the medical professionals of Nepal from 10th October to 10th November 2021. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Collected data included demographics, a questionnaire related to attitude and barriers to research among medical professionals of Nepal. The data was collected, compiled, and analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 26. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: In total 83 participants with a mean age of 32.8±4.7 years participated in the study. More than 90% of the participants were having a positive attitude regarding the role o...
Background: The knowledge of current motivation to choose dentistry and future plan of dental gra... more Background: The knowledge of current motivation to choose dentistry and future plan of dental graduates is critical to health care systems and may result in major change for policies in dental education. This study aimed to assess the motivational factors that influenced students to choose dentistry as a profession and their future plan after graduation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the 120 students who have cleared the final Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) examination and were undergoing their mandatory internship program. The data was collected between January 2020 to April 2020. Data analysis was done using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 20 with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The leading professional reason was the flexible working hour, 54.8% (n=57). Job stability, 50% (n=52), the desire to help people, 49% (n=51) and a desire to be associated with a health profession, 69.2% (n=72) were the primary reasons on e...
Background: Lesions in the oral cavity may be of variety of types. Their trends are also increasi... more Background: Lesions in the oral cavity may be of variety of types. Their trends are also increasing day by day. The aim of the study was to determine the spectrum of oral lesions Methods:-Results: carcinoma. Conclusions: The majority of the oral cavity lesions are diverse in nature. All lesion especially in the oral cavity should be biopsied to rule out malignancy. Diagnosis of any of these rare lesions is important from the management point of view.
Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2018
Background: Temporomandibular disorder is a term used to describe problems involving temporomand... more Background: Temporomandibular disorder is a term used to describe problems involving temporomandibular joint, muscles of mastication, occlusion characterized by symptoms such as pain, restricted movements and intermittent joint sound. The present study was conducted to determine prevalence of TMD and to describe its association with parafunctional habits. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 345 undergraduate students of KIST Medical College and Hospital. Study population was selected by simple random sampling and the Fonseca Anamnestic Questionnaires were distributed. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 16 . Results: The prevalence of TMD was 47.4% with mild and moderate type of TMD present. The most common habit was chewing gums followed by biting of lips and biting of objects. Statistically significant difference in TMD groups was observed in clenching and grinding of teeth, biting of lips and biting of objects (p<0.001). There was ...
Background Ultrasonography is one of the most common imaging modality to measure dimensions of vi... more Background Ultrasonography is one of the most common imaging modality to measure dimensions of visceral organs in children. However, the normal limit of size of visceral organs according to age and body habitus has not been specified in the standard textbooks. This might result in under detection of organomegaly in pediatrics population.Objective The objective of this study was to determine the normal range of dimensions for the liver, spleen, and kidney in healthy children.Method This is prospective cross-sectional, hospital-based study done at Tertiary-care teaching hospital. Participants included 272 pediatric subjects (152 male and 120 female) with normal physical or sonographic findings who were examined because of problems unrelated to the measured organs. The subjects were one month to 15 year (180 months) old. All measured organs were sonographically normal. Relationships of the dimensions of these organs with sex, age, body weight and height were investigated. Limits of nor...
Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 2011
This paper aims to analyze the association between work burden and backache among women and men. ... more This paper aims to analyze the association between work burden and backache among women and men. The study design is descriptive cross sectional. Thirty two households are selected. From each of the households sample size of 64 in terms of a pair of either married couple or the unmarried sister and brother are selected. Respondent's age is between 15 to 49 years. Semi structured questionnaire is used to collect data. This study shows significant differences in working hour between male and female. The working hour is significantly higher among the persons with backache. Gender inequality is a stark reality. The gender division of labour may add more work to women resulting into longer working hour for women. This may reflect in some health hazards among women. Hence, more focused attention is needed to understand the non reproductive health problems of women. Keywords: working hour; backache; women empowerment; health problem; health seeking behaviour DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v4i0.4523...
The study aims to assess the situation of antenatal care usage and delivery practices in the stud... more The study aims to assess the situation of antenatal care usage and delivery practices in the study area. (i) To study the coverage rate for ANC and hospital delivery in different age group, parity, educational status and economic status. (ii)To study the relation of ANC visit and hospital delivery. The study design is descriptive cross sectional study. The study was carried out in ward no. 9 of Mahankal VDC, Kathmandu. 50 women of reproductive age group who had delivered live birth five years preceding the survey were selected. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered through informal interview. For the women with more than one child, the information was gathered for the last birth. The data were analyzed through the SPSS software. Antenatal visit was a success story. Seventy eight percent of women were using the services. More notable fact was that the 62% of the respondents made antenatal visits for four or more than four times. Seventy two percent of the respondents y rec...
to describe the prevalence of backache among groups with long and normal working day. A cross sec... more to describe the prevalence of backache among groups with long and normal working day. A cross sectional study of prevalence of backache among groups with long and normal working day. Among the 19 wards of Kirtipur municipality, ward no. 11 was selected as a random cluster. 64 households of different socioeconomic status were selected at random. Total of 64 individuals from these households were selected in the study. The backache was found to be 62.5% prevalent. 75.8% of individuals in long working day category were found to be suffering from backache whereas 48.4% in normal working day group were suffering from it.
Background: Evidences on dental anxiety scale are essential in dental practice for better service... more Background: Evidences on dental anxiety scale are essential in dental practice for better service delivery. The main objective of this study was to determine the anxiety level of patients undergoing oral surgical procedures and explore its associated factors.Methods: This was a cross sectional study enrolling 142 patients. Semi structured questionnaire based on Corah’s dental anxiety scale was prepared and administered to gather information. Descriptive statistics, chi- square test and independent t- test were used to analyze the data.Results: Sixty nine percent were feeling relaxed in waiting area. Nine patients (6.3%) were afraid of persons in white attire. About 17% reported that they were afraid of sound of dental apparatus. Many participant (81%) expected better outcomes of their dental procedures. When waiting for their procedure at the waiting area, about 50% stated to sense restlessness. Nearly 56% felt unease while waiting at dental chair. Nearly 70 % of cases had less than...
The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) recommends using specialist surgical workforce de... more The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) recommends using specialist surgical workforce density as one of 6 core indicators for monitoring universal access to safe, affordable surgical and anaesthesia care. Using Nepal as a case study, we explored the capacity of a generalist workforce (led by a family physician or MD general practitioner and non-physician anaesthetist) to enable effective surgical delivery through task-shifting. Using a multiple-methods approach, we retrospectively mapped essential surgical care and the enabling environment for surgery in 39 hospitals in 25 remote districts in Nepal and compared it with LCoGS indicators. All 25 districts performed surgery, 21 performed Caesarean section (CS), and 5 met at least 50% of district CS needs. Generalist surgical teams performed CS, the essential major operation at the district level, and very few laparotomies, but no operative orthopaedics. The density of specialist Surgeon/Anaesthesiologist/Obstetrician (SAO) was...
Journal of College of Medical Sciences-nepal, Sep 30, 2018
Background: Temporomandibular disorder is a term used to describe problems involving temporomandi... more Background: Temporomandibular disorder is a term used to describe problems involving temporomandibular joint, muscles of mastication, occlusion characterized by symptoms such as pain, restricted movements and intermittent joint sound. The present study was conducted to determine prevalence of TMD and to describe its association with parafunctional habits. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 345 undergraduate students of KIST Medical College and Hospital. Study population was selected by simple random sampling and the Fonseca Anamnestic Questionnaires were distributed. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 16. Results: The prevalence of TMD was 47.4% with mild and moderate type of TMD present. The most common habit was chewing gums followed by biting of lips and biting of objects. Statistically significant difference in TMD groups was observed in clenching and grinding of teeth, biting of lips and biting of objects (p<0.001). There was statistically significant association between TMD and the signs and symptoms such as headaches, difficult to open mouth, muscular pain while chewing (p<0.001). Conclusions: A statistically significant association was found between biting of lips, grinding of teeth and mouth breathing with TMD.
Journal of Nepal Medical Association, Jan 23, 2022
Introduction: The Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has sent humanity indoors, replacing hu... more Introduction: The Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has sent humanity indoors, replacing human contact with an electronic connection. The mandatory online classes and work from home policy to maintain the social distancing during the pandemic has forced the individual to spend most of the time in front of laptops or mobile screens. Digital eye strain is a group of vision-related symptoms that result from the continuous use of devices with digital displays, such as computers, tablets, and smartphones. The present study is done to find out the prevalence of digital eye strain among the adult population in a tertiary care hospital in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done from 16 th January 2021 to 31 st July 2021 in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Registration number: 077/78/30). Convenience sampling was done. The sample size calculated in our study was 322. Data collection and entry were done in Microsoft Excel, point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: The prevalence of digital eye strain was 300 (94.3%) (91.8-96.8 at 95% Confidence Interval) among 318 respondents. Eye strain (irritation, heaviness) was the most common digital eye strain symptom 199 (62.6%) followed by the tiredness of eyes 162 (50.9%). Conclusions: The present study concluded that the prevalence of digital eye strain in the era of COVID-19 is high as compared to other studies conducted among adults.
The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) recommends using specialist surgical workforce de... more The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) recommends using specialist surgical workforce density as one of 6 core indicators for monitoring universal access to safe, affordable surgical and anaesthesia care. Using Nepal as a case study, we explored the capacity of a generalist workforce (led by a family physician or MD general practitioner and non-physician anaesthetist) to enable effective surgical delivery through task-shifting. Using a multiple-methods approach, we retrospectively mapped essential surgical care and the enabling environment for surgery in 39 hospitals in 25 remote districts in Nepal and compared it with LCoGS indicators. All 25 districts performed surgery, 21 performed Caesarean section (CS), and 5 met at least 50% of district CS needs. Generalist surgical teams performed CS, the essential major operation at the district level, and very few laparotomies, but no operative orthopaedics. The density of specialist Surgeon/Anaesthesiologist/Obstetrician (SAO) was 0�4/100,000; that of Generalist teams (gSAO) led by a family physician (MD General Practitioners-MDGP) supported by non-physician anaesthetists was eight times higher at 3�1/100,000. gSAO presence was positively associated with a twofold increase in CS availability. All surgical rates were well below LCoGS targets. 46% of hospitals had adequate enabling environments for surgery, 28% had functioning anaesthesia machines, and 75% had blood transfusion services. Despite very low SAO density, and often inadequate enabling environment, surgery can be done in remote districts. gSAO teams led by family physicians are providing essential surgery, with CS the commonest major operation. gSAO density is eight times higher than specialists and they can undertake more complex operations than just CS alone. These family physician-led functional teams are providing a pathway to effective surgical coverage in remote Nepal.
The aim of this study was to assess the tongue cleaning habit among the people to maintain and im... more The aim of this study was to assess the tongue cleaning habit among the people to maintain and improve the quality of oral hygiene. This cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatient department of People’s Dental college and hospital, department of Community Dentistry among 312 patients 185 female and 127 male between 18-60 years. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part consisted of socio-demographic details of participants (age, sex, education and occupation). The second part consisted of 17 questions related to tongue cleanliness behavior. Self-constructed questionnaire adopted from previous study. Data analysis was done by using SPSS 20 version and descriptive statistics were calculated. Out of total 312 participants, 53.8% had a tongue cleaning habits. Sixty nine percent participants cleaned the tongue every day. About two-thirds 65% use toothbrush. Nearly 62% of the participants took 15- 30sec for tongue cleaning. Fifty percent clean the e...
Essential medicines are those medicines that satisfy the primary health care needs of the citizen... more Essential medicines are those medicines that satisfy the primary health care needs of the citizens. Poor quality of essential medicines can have serious impact on public health. Thus, this study is aimed to assess the quality of essential medicines available in public health care facilities of Nepal. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in 62 health facilities across 21 districts, representing all seven provinces of Nepal and selected proportionately from all three ecological regions i.e. Terai, Hill and Mountain using lottery method. Health facilities in selected districts were chosen using random number generator. Face to face interview was taken with health facility in charge using structured questionnaire. All storage conditions information was recorded through observation checklists. Temperature and humidity were measured using a digital instrument. Similarly, 20 different generic medicines were collected for quality testing. The obtained data were entered in Epi...
Background: Good oral health plays an important role to improve the quality of life and general h... more Background: Good oral health plays an important role to improve the quality of life and general health of the people. Oral health depends on several factors including individual personal attitudes, behavior and perception. The aim was to assess the gingival health and oral hygiene among the population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatient department of Community Dentistry among 369 patient of age group of 18-60 years. History taking and oral health examination was done to collect the information. The questionnaire covered demographic details, ethnicity, religion, oral hygiene habits and gingival health of the participants. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 20 version using descriptive test like frequencies, percentage. Chi square test was done to determine the association between brushing technique and gingival index score and Fischer exact test was used to see the association between material used and gingival index. Results: Majority of the par...
Background: Mandibular condyle has a variety of morphology. The changes in their shape and size h... more Background: Mandibular condyle has a variety of morphology. The changes in their shape and size has been attributed to ageing process, developmental abnormalities, distinct diseases, trauma, endocrine shock, radio therapy etc. Panoramic radiographs remain the easiest, safest and most cost-effective screening modality for temporomandibular joint abnormalities. The study aimed to assess the different shapes of condyles using orthopantomograms from the archives of the hospital data. The variations among the sexes and between the right and left sides of an individual were also determined. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at People’s Dental College and Hospital within the time period of 1 year (November 2019- November 2020). Orthopantomogram of patients falling within the inclusion criteria were studied. The different shapes of condylar process were traced using marker pencil for both right and left sides. Data collected was entered in Microsoft Office Excel sheet 2013-- ...
Background. Studies report discrepancies between CVP and JVP measurements. Te mid-thoracic plane ... more Background. Studies report discrepancies between CVP and JVP measurements. Te mid-thoracic plane (MTP) at the anterior fourth intercostal space level indicates the zero-reference level (ZRL) for venous pressure measurement, and the midaxillary line (MAL) at fourth intercostal space is a point near the ZRL in the supine position. JVP is usually measured from the sternal angle (SA) with further addition of 5 cm (JVP-SA + 5) and CVP in the supine position from MAL (CVP-MAL). However, no report has compared CVP measured from MTP (CVP-MTP) with CVP-MAL and with JVP from MTP (JVP-MTP) and JVP-SA + 5. Methods. We measured JVP-MTP and JVP-SA + 5 in appropriate reclining positions and subsequently CVP-MTP and CVP-MAL in the supine position blindly in 150 patients. We compared the pressures by Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman plots. Results. CVP-MTP and CVP-MAL demonstrated similar means (p � 0.129), strong positive linear relationship (r = 0.908), and good agreement (near-zero mean diference) with each other. JVP-MTP was about 1 cm higher than JVP-SA + 5 (p < 0.001). JVP-MTP displayed higher correlation coefcients and better agreements with both CVPs than JVP-SA+5. Correlation coefcients and mean diferences of both CVPs with JVP-MTP were almost equal, about 0.83 and 1 cm, and with JVP-SA + 5 also almost equal, about 0.72 and 2 cm, respectively. Conclusions. JVP tallies better with CVP examined in the supine position when both are measured from MTP as the identical external reference point (ERP), and MAL can be used as MTP to measure CVP in the supine position. Our fndings indicate the way to explore the matching of CVP and JVP to the full extent possible by standardizing their measurements from other identical ERPs to that from the zero-reference level MTP. Teir further study in similar higher reclining positions from identical ERPs, such as MTP, MAL, and SA with the addition of higher numbers instead of 5 cm, is warranted standardizing other measurements to that from MTP.
Background: Medical research is the foundation for gaining scientific information and learning. H... more Background: Medical research is the foundation for gaining scientific information and learning. However, in developing countries like Nepal, it is given low priority, mostly due to inadequate research funding. This study was aimed to assess the attitude and the barriers associated with medical research. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the medical professionals of Nepal from 10th October to 10th November 2021. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Collected data included demographics, a questionnaire related to attitude and barriers to research among medical professionals of Nepal. The data was collected, compiled, and analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 26. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: In total 83 participants with a mean age of 32.8±4.7 years participated in the study. More than 90% of the participants were having a positive attitude regarding the role o...
Background: The knowledge of current motivation to choose dentistry and future plan of dental gra... more Background: The knowledge of current motivation to choose dentistry and future plan of dental graduates is critical to health care systems and may result in major change for policies in dental education. This study aimed to assess the motivational factors that influenced students to choose dentistry as a profession and their future plan after graduation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the 120 students who have cleared the final Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) examination and were undergoing their mandatory internship program. The data was collected between January 2020 to April 2020. Data analysis was done using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 20 with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The leading professional reason was the flexible working hour, 54.8% (n=57). Job stability, 50% (n=52), the desire to help people, 49% (n=51) and a desire to be associated with a health profession, 69.2% (n=72) were the primary reasons on e...
Background: Lesions in the oral cavity may be of variety of types. Their trends are also increasi... more Background: Lesions in the oral cavity may be of variety of types. Their trends are also increasing day by day. The aim of the study was to determine the spectrum of oral lesions Methods:-Results: carcinoma. Conclusions: The majority of the oral cavity lesions are diverse in nature. All lesion especially in the oral cavity should be biopsied to rule out malignancy. Diagnosis of any of these rare lesions is important from the management point of view.
Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2018
Background: Temporomandibular disorder is a term used to describe problems involving temporomand... more Background: Temporomandibular disorder is a term used to describe problems involving temporomandibular joint, muscles of mastication, occlusion characterized by symptoms such as pain, restricted movements and intermittent joint sound. The present study was conducted to determine prevalence of TMD and to describe its association with parafunctional habits. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 345 undergraduate students of KIST Medical College and Hospital. Study population was selected by simple random sampling and the Fonseca Anamnestic Questionnaires were distributed. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 16 . Results: The prevalence of TMD was 47.4% with mild and moderate type of TMD present. The most common habit was chewing gums followed by biting of lips and biting of objects. Statistically significant difference in TMD groups was observed in clenching and grinding of teeth, biting of lips and biting of objects (p<0.001). There was ...
Background Ultrasonography is one of the most common imaging modality to measure dimensions of vi... more Background Ultrasonography is one of the most common imaging modality to measure dimensions of visceral organs in children. However, the normal limit of size of visceral organs according to age and body habitus has not been specified in the standard textbooks. This might result in under detection of organomegaly in pediatrics population.Objective The objective of this study was to determine the normal range of dimensions for the liver, spleen, and kidney in healthy children.Method This is prospective cross-sectional, hospital-based study done at Tertiary-care teaching hospital. Participants included 272 pediatric subjects (152 male and 120 female) with normal physical or sonographic findings who were examined because of problems unrelated to the measured organs. The subjects were one month to 15 year (180 months) old. All measured organs were sonographically normal. Relationships of the dimensions of these organs with sex, age, body weight and height were investigated. Limits of nor...
Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 2011
This paper aims to analyze the association between work burden and backache among women and men. ... more This paper aims to analyze the association between work burden and backache among women and men. The study design is descriptive cross sectional. Thirty two households are selected. From each of the households sample size of 64 in terms of a pair of either married couple or the unmarried sister and brother are selected. Respondent's age is between 15 to 49 years. Semi structured questionnaire is used to collect data. This study shows significant differences in working hour between male and female. The working hour is significantly higher among the persons with backache. Gender inequality is a stark reality. The gender division of labour may add more work to women resulting into longer working hour for women. This may reflect in some health hazards among women. Hence, more focused attention is needed to understand the non reproductive health problems of women. Keywords: working hour; backache; women empowerment; health problem; health seeking behaviour DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v4i0.4523...
The study aims to assess the situation of antenatal care usage and delivery practices in the stud... more The study aims to assess the situation of antenatal care usage and delivery practices in the study area. (i) To study the coverage rate for ANC and hospital delivery in different age group, parity, educational status and economic status. (ii)To study the relation of ANC visit and hospital delivery. The study design is descriptive cross sectional study. The study was carried out in ward no. 9 of Mahankal VDC, Kathmandu. 50 women of reproductive age group who had delivered live birth five years preceding the survey were selected. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered through informal interview. For the women with more than one child, the information was gathered for the last birth. The data were analyzed through the SPSS software. Antenatal visit was a success story. Seventy eight percent of women were using the services. More notable fact was that the 62% of the respondents made antenatal visits for four or more than four times. Seventy two percent of the respondents y rec...
to describe the prevalence of backache among groups with long and normal working day. A cross sec... more to describe the prevalence of backache among groups with long and normal working day. A cross sectional study of prevalence of backache among groups with long and normal working day. Among the 19 wards of Kirtipur municipality, ward no. 11 was selected as a random cluster. 64 households of different socioeconomic status were selected at random. Total of 64 individuals from these households were selected in the study. The backache was found to be 62.5% prevalent. 75.8% of individuals in long working day category were found to be suffering from backache whereas 48.4% in normal working day group were suffering from it.
Background: Evidences on dental anxiety scale are essential in dental practice for better service... more Background: Evidences on dental anxiety scale are essential in dental practice for better service delivery. The main objective of this study was to determine the anxiety level of patients undergoing oral surgical procedures and explore its associated factors.Methods: This was a cross sectional study enrolling 142 patients. Semi structured questionnaire based on Corah’s dental anxiety scale was prepared and administered to gather information. Descriptive statistics, chi- square test and independent t- test were used to analyze the data.Results: Sixty nine percent were feeling relaxed in waiting area. Nine patients (6.3%) were afraid of persons in white attire. About 17% reported that they were afraid of sound of dental apparatus. Many participant (81%) expected better outcomes of their dental procedures. When waiting for their procedure at the waiting area, about 50% stated to sense restlessness. Nearly 56% felt unease while waiting at dental chair. Nearly 70 % of cases had less than...
The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) recommends using specialist surgical workforce de... more The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) recommends using specialist surgical workforce density as one of 6 core indicators for monitoring universal access to safe, affordable surgical and anaesthesia care. Using Nepal as a case study, we explored the capacity of a generalist workforce (led by a family physician or MD general practitioner and non-physician anaesthetist) to enable effective surgical delivery through task-shifting. Using a multiple-methods approach, we retrospectively mapped essential surgical care and the enabling environment for surgery in 39 hospitals in 25 remote districts in Nepal and compared it with LCoGS indicators. All 25 districts performed surgery, 21 performed Caesarean section (CS), and 5 met at least 50% of district CS needs. Generalist surgical teams performed CS, the essential major operation at the district level, and very few laparotomies, but no operative orthopaedics. The density of specialist Surgeon/Anaesthesiologist/Obstetrician (SAO) was...
Uploads
Papers by Amita Pradhan