Archives of Medical Science – Atherosclerotic Diseases
IntroductionCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of premature deaths worldwide, and a... more IntroductionCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of premature deaths worldwide, and atherosclerosis (AS) is a major risk factor associated with them. B-mode ultrasound is a well-validated research tool that has been translated increasingly into clinical practice. The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of carotid intima media thickness by B-mode ultrasonography in coronary artery disease patients.Material and methodsThis was a case control study, including 100 cases and the same number of controls. Patients with positive angiographic findings and chest pain were considered as cases and those without as negative. Duplex carotid ultrasound was used to detect intima-media thickness (IMT). B-mode real-time ultrasonic images were obtained with a 7 MHz transducer. An intima media thickness of 0.6 mm was considered as being without plaque.ResultsThe angiographic findings were single-vessel disease, double-vessel disease, and triple-vessel disease in 18%, 11.5...
Study Design: An experimental, comparative, cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: De... more Study Design: An experimental, comparative, cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physiology, Federal Post Graduate Medical Institute (FPGMI), Sheikh Zayed Medical Complex Lahore, Pakistan from August 2013 to 2014 Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease, but is a partially reversible chronic inflammatory condition characterized by airway obstruction. COPD remains under-diagnosed and under-treated because the only available diagnostic method at present is testing lung functions by spirometry which is not helpful to determine the severity and clinical outcomes of the disease. Circulating biomarkers are under consideration for various diseases worldwide. Plasma fibrinogen is emerging as one of the most promising biomarkers of COPD in smokers. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate if plasma fibrinogen can serve as a diagnostic biomarker of COPD in smokers, and if its further higher leve...
Introduction: Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) induces inflammatory reactions in peripheral tissues ... more Introduction: Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) induces inflammatory reactions in peripheral tissues but its regulatory effects in target tissues is dependent on receptor signalling. Substance P (SP) has a high affinity for the NK-1R, to which it binds preferentially. We aimed to investigate the expression of NK-1R in World Health Organization (WHO) grade 4 astrocytomas as well as in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and urothelial carcinoma, and its association with disease progression. Material and methods: The study included tissue samples from 19 brain astrocytomas, 40 OSCCs and 10 urothelial carcinomas. NK-1R expression was quantitatively assessed in the tumour cells using immunohistochemistry. The relationship between NK-1R expression in astrocytomas and recurrence-free interval has been explored. Results: The results showed that the NK-1R was intensely expressed in patients with WHO grade 4 astrocytoma, OSCC and urothelial carcinoma. However, cases clinically diagnosed as a low-grade cancer showed reduced NK-1R expression. Conclusions: NK-1R is overexpressed in all cases of WHO grade 4 astrocytoma, OSCC and urothelial carcinoma. The ubiquitous presence of SP/NK-1R complex during tumour development and progression suggests a possible therapeutic key strategy to use NK-1R antagonist as an adjuvant therapy in the future.
As pandemic hit the globe, stress in people increased drastically. Some people were losing their ... more As pandemic hit the globe, stress in people increased drastically. Some people were losing their jobs while others were restricted to their homes due to precautionary measures against COVID-19 infection. Some were stressed about their living while others concerned about their families being affected. Many lost their dear ones. But one thing we learnt in this phase was fighting immunity and how immunity plays a vital role in prevention of disease. Ashwagandha (roots of Withania somnifera, fam. Solanaceae) is named generally as "Indian Winter cherry" or "Indian Ginseng" has been in use for medicinal purposes since more than 3000 years [1]. This herb is one of the main spices of Ayurveda (the customary arrangement of medication in India) consumed since centuries as a Rasayana (rejuvenator) for its larger spectrum of medical advantages. By increasing cell-mediated immunity, Ashwagandha boosts the body's resistance against disease. It also has powerful antioxidan...
Background: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a tragic incident which remains a mystery even... more Background: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a tragic incident which remains a mystery even after post-mortem investigation and thorough researches.Methods: This comprehensive review is based on the genes reported in the molecular autopsy studies conducted on SIDS so far. A total of 20 original studies and 7 case reports were identified and included in this analysis. The genes identified in children or adults were not included. Most of the genes reported in these studies belonged to cardiac channel and cardiomyopathy. Cardiac channel genes in SIDS were scrutinized for further analysis.Results: After screening and removing the duplicates, 42 unique genes were extracted. When the location of these genes was assessed, it was observed that most of these belonged to Chromosomes 11, 1 and 3 in sequential manner. The pathway analysis shows that these genes are involved in the regulation of heart rate, action potential, cardiac muscle cell contraction and heart contraction. The protei...
Background: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a tragic incident which remains a mystery even... more Background: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a tragic incident which remains a mystery even after post-mortem investigation and thorough researches.Methods: This comprehensive review is based on the genes reported in the molecular autopsy studies conducted on SIDS so far. A total of 20 original studies and 7 case reports were identified and included in this analysis. The genes identified in children or adults were not included. Most of the genes reported in these studies belonged to cardiac channel and cardiomyopathy. Cardiac channel genes in SIDS were scrutinized for further analysis.Results: After screening and removing the duplicates, 42 unique genes were extracted. When the location of these genes was assessed, it was observed that most of these belonged to Chromosomes 11, 1 and 3 in sequential manner. The pathway analysis shows that these genes are involved in the regulation of heart rate, action potential, cardiac muscle cell contraction and heart contraction. The protei...
In the proposed study, the researchers seek to examine that how they construct the personality th... more In the proposed study, the researchers seek to examine that how they construct the personality through Transitivity analysis. Researcher's main objective is to explain the main character's personality named as "MARIA" from a short story "The Clay" by James Joyce. Researchers have divided the whole text into chunks and then take those lines which are explaining the character of "Maria". Then applied the transitivity analysis (processes, participants and circumstances) there are six processes like as; material process, mental process, verbal process, behavioral process, relational process and existential process. The goal is to explain the personality of "Maria and how she is portrayed and represented through language in Clay. The result of this analysis is that Maria is really a well-natured.
Breast cancer is a type of cancer that springs up from breast tissue, most generally from the pri... more Breast cancer is a type of cancer that springs up from breast tissue, most generally from the privileged line of milk ducts or the lobules that supply milk from the ducts. There are two main types of breast cancer situ and invasive. situ carcinoma includes lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Invasive carcinoma includes invasive lobular carcinoma (ILS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Tumors that form in breast cancer are also of two types Benign and Malignant tumors. Benign tumors are well-differentiated; structure may be typical of tissue of origin. Metastasis is absent in it. Malignant Tumors have lack differentiation; the structure is mostly atypical whereas Metastasis is present. The most frequent symptoms found in women are breast pain, nipple discharge, and a palpable mass. Women having such problems have benign breast disease. Nipple discharge is the pronominal of breast cancer. The greatest incidence, boost level disease presentation, lo...
DIET FACTOR (Journal of Nutritional & Food Sciences)
Cancer is caused due to rapid and uncontrolled growth of cells. Among females, breast cancer is o... more Cancer is caused due to rapid and uncontrolled growth of cells. Among females, breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer globally. The most common risk factors for developing breast cancer are family history and estrogens. Radiation exposure, alcohol use, tobacco smoking, age and race are other risk factors of developing breast cancer. Objective: Aim of the present study was to check iron expression in the biopsies of patients with different grades of breast cancer and to see the prognostic significance of cellular iron metabolism in breast cancer. Methods: A total of 24 breast biopsies were studied using cross sectional study design, among which 19 cases were poorly differentiated, 5 cases were moderately differentiated and there was no case of well differentiated breast carcinoma. These total 24 biopsies were taken between age 20 to 80 years and all patients were females. Results: Among the 5 moderately differentiated cases ,2 cases (40%) were positive for iron ...
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2021
Present study was conducted to evaluate the expression and immunolocalization of Substance P (SP)... more Present study was conducted to evaluate the expression and immunolocalization of Substance P (SP) in different grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), Breast Cancer (BC), Colorectal Cancer (CRC) and Endometrial Cancer (EC). Patients and Methods: 40 OSCC, 22 BC, 30 CRC and 53 EC biopsies were immunohistochemically analyzed with SP antibody. 14 cases (35%) were well differentiated (WD), 14 cases (35%) moderately differentiated (MD) and 12 cases (30%) poorly differentiated (PD) OSCC. 2 cases (9%) were WD, 4 (18%) were MD and 16 (73%) were PD. There were 8 cases (27%) of PD, 14 (46%) MD and 8 cases (27%) of WD- CRC included in this study. In EC, there were 53 cases, 12 (22.69%) WD, 37 (67.8%) MD, 4 (75.4%) PD cases. Results: 65% of the OSCC, 55% of BC, all cases of CRC and EC were positive for SP. 8% of WD, 93% of MD, 100% PD were SP-positive in OSCC; 50% WD, 75% MD, 50% PD cases were SP-positive in BC; all cases of CRC and EC were SP-positive. Regarding the intensity of SP stain...
Background: Maternal mortality (MM) is a matter of serious concern in low income developing count... more Background: Maternal mortality (MM) is a matter of serious concern in low income developing countries (LDCs). Perspective: A great reduction has been observed regarding the maternal deaths globally after huge efforts since 1990 todate. However, the situation continues to be either stagnant or worsening in developing countries, suggesting that the efforts to cope with this issue are either insufficient or not properly implemented. We need to first diagnose the problem areas that are a great hurdle in the road to success towards the reduction of MM. Postpartum haemorrhage and preeclampsia are one of the most common causes of MM. Malnutrition, neurological dysfunction and cancer are among the non-obstetric causes. Trained medical and paramedical staff can be of great help in this regard by increasing awareness among masses at grass root level. Target set by Millennium Development goal has minimized the MM by 44%. But it has not met the target set by Millenium Development Goals 5 and a ...
Gambogic acid, a common traditional Chinese medicine and widely distributed throughout South Chin... more Gambogic acid, a common traditional Chinese medicine and widely distributed throughout South China, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand. It is prenylated xanthone which is the significant bioactive compound of gamboge. Gambogic acid is known as a strong apoptotic inducer in cancer cells. It has been found as strong anticancer agent against various types of cancer cells lines such as breast cancer, pancreatic, and cervical cancer. It induces apoptosis, down regulates the anti-apoptotic proteins (survivin and BCL2,) and down regulates the activities of P-glycoprotein in drug sensitive human breast MCF-7 and drug-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells. Similarly, it also exerts alteration in P13K, AKT, p21, MMP-2 &-9, and phosphorylated-AKT expressions. The current review highlights the anticancer and chemo-preventive perspectives of gambogic acid and its mechanistic role against human and animal cancers.
Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences, 2021
Antibiotics are used to treat a number of bacterial infections. However, overuse or misuse of ant... more Antibiotics are used to treat a number of bacterial infections. However, overuse or misuse of antibiotics has raised serious concerns against antibioticresistance amongst bacteria. Hence, antibiotics are becoming inefficient in treating bacterial infections leading to an increase in mortality rate worldwide. The domestic animals especially birds are a major source of transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria in human through excrement and cause bacterial diseases in human. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of different antibiotics prior to their prescription as a measure to prevent antibiotic resistance in bacteria. For this 120 cloacal swab samples were collected from the domestic pigeons of District Narowal to isolate Pseudomonas sp. and assess the efficacy of different antibiotics prior to their prescription as a measure to prevent antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Antibacterial activities were evaluated by performing antibiotic susceptibility pattern o...
Sustainable Development Agenda is gaining importance, acknowledging its importance right adaptati... more Sustainable Development Agenda is gaining importance, acknowledging its importance right adaptation of interventions for housing regarding vector-borne disease prevention as suggested by “Keeping the Vector Out” can make cities and human settlements vector-proof and sustainable.Objective: To assess community perceptions regarding chikungunya vector-proof housing for sustainable development. MethodS: Descriptive cross-sectional study included 400 households of Aziz Bhatti Town, Lahore. A semi-structured questionnaire administered by personal interview method to the available and willing adult member of the household by Researcher with the environmental inspector and lady sanitary patrol of Dengue and Polio survey teams of DDO office Aziz Bhatti Town Lahore, using simple random sampling technique after consent and ethical approval. The questionnaire was pre-tested (Pilot). Data analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: Among 400 households interviewed, the majority 69.7% were living in house...
Background: Models have been developed to predict a variety of outcomes, for all cardiac surgery ... more Background: Models have been developed to predict a variety of outcomes, for all cardiac surgery and also for specific cardiac surgery procedures. The most broadly utilized model for anticipating mortality in cardiovascular surgery was EuroSCORE I which has been upgraded in recent times to EuroSCORE II. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the EuroSCORE II in anticipating the mortality in patients experiencing cardiac surgery.Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional observational study from a sample of 101 cardiac surgery patients was conducted to evaluate the outcomes (length of stay at ICU and hospital and mortality) of postoperative cardiac surgery in relation to EuroSCORE II at Punjab Institute of Cardiology Lahore from 22nd April, 2016 to 15th December, 2016.Results: Mean values of WBCs, serum creatinine and bilirubin total were significantly increased from preoperative to postoperative-I and a minor decrease on the postoperative II readings whereas m...
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease, ... more Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease, but is a partially reversible chronic inflammatory condition characterized by airway obstruction. COPD remains under-diagnosed and under-treated because the only available diagnostic method at present is testing lung functions by spirometry which is not helpful to determine the severity and clinical outcomes of the disease. Circulating biomarkers are under consideration for various diseases worldwide. Plasma fibrinogen is emerging as one of the most promising biomarkers of COPD in smokers.
Archives of Medical Sciences. Atherosclerotic Diseases, 2020
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of premature deaths worldwide, and ... more Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of premature deaths worldwide, and atherosclerosis (AS) is a major risk factor associated with them. B-mode ultrasound is a well-validated research tool that has been translated increasingly into clinical practice. The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of carotid intima media thickness by B-mode ultrasonography in coronary artery disease patients. Material and methods This was a case control study, including 100 cases and the same number of controls. Patients with positive angiographic findings and chest pain were considered as cases and those without as negative. Duplex carotid ultrasound was used to detect intima-media thickness (IMT). B-mode real-time ultrasonic images were obtained with a 7 MHz transducer. An intima media thickness of 0.6 mm was considered as being without plaque. Results The angiographic findings were single-vessel disease, double-vessel disease, and triple-vessel disease in 18%,...
Maternal mortality (MM) is a matter of serious concern in low income developing countries (LDCs).... more Maternal mortality (MM) is a matter of serious concern in low income developing countries (LDCs). A great reduction has been observed regarding the maternal deaths globally after huge efforts since 1990 todate. However, the situation continues to be either stagnant or worsening in developing countries, suggesting that the efforts to cope with this issue are either insufficient or not properly implemented. We need to first diagnose the problem areas that are a great hurdle in the road to success towards the reduction of MM. Postpartum hemorrhage and preeclampsia are one of the most common causes of MM. Malnutrition, neurological dysfunction and cancer are among the non-obstetric causes. Trained medical and paramedical staff can be of great help in this regard by increasing awareness among masses at grass root level. Target set by Millennium Development goal has minimized the MM by 44%. But it has not met the target set by Millenium Development Goals 5 and a lot of measures need to be...
Archives of Medical Science – Atherosclerotic Diseases
IntroductionCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of premature deaths worldwide, and a... more IntroductionCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of premature deaths worldwide, and atherosclerosis (AS) is a major risk factor associated with them. B-mode ultrasound is a well-validated research tool that has been translated increasingly into clinical practice. The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of carotid intima media thickness by B-mode ultrasonography in coronary artery disease patients.Material and methodsThis was a case control study, including 100 cases and the same number of controls. Patients with positive angiographic findings and chest pain were considered as cases and those without as negative. Duplex carotid ultrasound was used to detect intima-media thickness (IMT). B-mode real-time ultrasonic images were obtained with a 7 MHz transducer. An intima media thickness of 0.6 mm was considered as being without plaque.ResultsThe angiographic findings were single-vessel disease, double-vessel disease, and triple-vessel disease in 18%, 11.5...
Study Design: An experimental, comparative, cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: De... more Study Design: An experimental, comparative, cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physiology, Federal Post Graduate Medical Institute (FPGMI), Sheikh Zayed Medical Complex Lahore, Pakistan from August 2013 to 2014 Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease, but is a partially reversible chronic inflammatory condition characterized by airway obstruction. COPD remains under-diagnosed and under-treated because the only available diagnostic method at present is testing lung functions by spirometry which is not helpful to determine the severity and clinical outcomes of the disease. Circulating biomarkers are under consideration for various diseases worldwide. Plasma fibrinogen is emerging as one of the most promising biomarkers of COPD in smokers. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate if plasma fibrinogen can serve as a diagnostic biomarker of COPD in smokers, and if its further higher leve...
Introduction: Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) induces inflammatory reactions in peripheral tissues ... more Introduction: Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) induces inflammatory reactions in peripheral tissues but its regulatory effects in target tissues is dependent on receptor signalling. Substance P (SP) has a high affinity for the NK-1R, to which it binds preferentially. We aimed to investigate the expression of NK-1R in World Health Organization (WHO) grade 4 astrocytomas as well as in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and urothelial carcinoma, and its association with disease progression. Material and methods: The study included tissue samples from 19 brain astrocytomas, 40 OSCCs and 10 urothelial carcinomas. NK-1R expression was quantitatively assessed in the tumour cells using immunohistochemistry. The relationship between NK-1R expression in astrocytomas and recurrence-free interval has been explored. Results: The results showed that the NK-1R was intensely expressed in patients with WHO grade 4 astrocytoma, OSCC and urothelial carcinoma. However, cases clinically diagnosed as a low-grade cancer showed reduced NK-1R expression. Conclusions: NK-1R is overexpressed in all cases of WHO grade 4 astrocytoma, OSCC and urothelial carcinoma. The ubiquitous presence of SP/NK-1R complex during tumour development and progression suggests a possible therapeutic key strategy to use NK-1R antagonist as an adjuvant therapy in the future.
As pandemic hit the globe, stress in people increased drastically. Some people were losing their ... more As pandemic hit the globe, stress in people increased drastically. Some people were losing their jobs while others were restricted to their homes due to precautionary measures against COVID-19 infection. Some were stressed about their living while others concerned about their families being affected. Many lost their dear ones. But one thing we learnt in this phase was fighting immunity and how immunity plays a vital role in prevention of disease. Ashwagandha (roots of Withania somnifera, fam. Solanaceae) is named generally as "Indian Winter cherry" or "Indian Ginseng" has been in use for medicinal purposes since more than 3000 years [1]. This herb is one of the main spices of Ayurveda (the customary arrangement of medication in India) consumed since centuries as a Rasayana (rejuvenator) for its larger spectrum of medical advantages. By increasing cell-mediated immunity, Ashwagandha boosts the body's resistance against disease. It also has powerful antioxidan...
Background: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a tragic incident which remains a mystery even... more Background: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a tragic incident which remains a mystery even after post-mortem investigation and thorough researches.Methods: This comprehensive review is based on the genes reported in the molecular autopsy studies conducted on SIDS so far. A total of 20 original studies and 7 case reports were identified and included in this analysis. The genes identified in children or adults were not included. Most of the genes reported in these studies belonged to cardiac channel and cardiomyopathy. Cardiac channel genes in SIDS were scrutinized for further analysis.Results: After screening and removing the duplicates, 42 unique genes were extracted. When the location of these genes was assessed, it was observed that most of these belonged to Chromosomes 11, 1 and 3 in sequential manner. The pathway analysis shows that these genes are involved in the regulation of heart rate, action potential, cardiac muscle cell contraction and heart contraction. The protei...
Background: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a tragic incident which remains a mystery even... more Background: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a tragic incident which remains a mystery even after post-mortem investigation and thorough researches.Methods: This comprehensive review is based on the genes reported in the molecular autopsy studies conducted on SIDS so far. A total of 20 original studies and 7 case reports were identified and included in this analysis. The genes identified in children or adults were not included. Most of the genes reported in these studies belonged to cardiac channel and cardiomyopathy. Cardiac channel genes in SIDS were scrutinized for further analysis.Results: After screening and removing the duplicates, 42 unique genes were extracted. When the location of these genes was assessed, it was observed that most of these belonged to Chromosomes 11, 1 and 3 in sequential manner. The pathway analysis shows that these genes are involved in the regulation of heart rate, action potential, cardiac muscle cell contraction and heart contraction. The protei...
In the proposed study, the researchers seek to examine that how they construct the personality th... more In the proposed study, the researchers seek to examine that how they construct the personality through Transitivity analysis. Researcher's main objective is to explain the main character's personality named as "MARIA" from a short story "The Clay" by James Joyce. Researchers have divided the whole text into chunks and then take those lines which are explaining the character of "Maria". Then applied the transitivity analysis (processes, participants and circumstances) there are six processes like as; material process, mental process, verbal process, behavioral process, relational process and existential process. The goal is to explain the personality of "Maria and how she is portrayed and represented through language in Clay. The result of this analysis is that Maria is really a well-natured.
Breast cancer is a type of cancer that springs up from breast tissue, most generally from the pri... more Breast cancer is a type of cancer that springs up from breast tissue, most generally from the privileged line of milk ducts or the lobules that supply milk from the ducts. There are two main types of breast cancer situ and invasive. situ carcinoma includes lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Invasive carcinoma includes invasive lobular carcinoma (ILS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Tumors that form in breast cancer are also of two types Benign and Malignant tumors. Benign tumors are well-differentiated; structure may be typical of tissue of origin. Metastasis is absent in it. Malignant Tumors have lack differentiation; the structure is mostly atypical whereas Metastasis is present. The most frequent symptoms found in women are breast pain, nipple discharge, and a palpable mass. Women having such problems have benign breast disease. Nipple discharge is the pronominal of breast cancer. The greatest incidence, boost level disease presentation, lo...
DIET FACTOR (Journal of Nutritional & Food Sciences)
Cancer is caused due to rapid and uncontrolled growth of cells. Among females, breast cancer is o... more Cancer is caused due to rapid and uncontrolled growth of cells. Among females, breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer globally. The most common risk factors for developing breast cancer are family history and estrogens. Radiation exposure, alcohol use, tobacco smoking, age and race are other risk factors of developing breast cancer. Objective: Aim of the present study was to check iron expression in the biopsies of patients with different grades of breast cancer and to see the prognostic significance of cellular iron metabolism in breast cancer. Methods: A total of 24 breast biopsies were studied using cross sectional study design, among which 19 cases were poorly differentiated, 5 cases were moderately differentiated and there was no case of well differentiated breast carcinoma. These total 24 biopsies were taken between age 20 to 80 years and all patients were females. Results: Among the 5 moderately differentiated cases ,2 cases (40%) were positive for iron ...
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2021
Present study was conducted to evaluate the expression and immunolocalization of Substance P (SP)... more Present study was conducted to evaluate the expression and immunolocalization of Substance P (SP) in different grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), Breast Cancer (BC), Colorectal Cancer (CRC) and Endometrial Cancer (EC). Patients and Methods: 40 OSCC, 22 BC, 30 CRC and 53 EC biopsies were immunohistochemically analyzed with SP antibody. 14 cases (35%) were well differentiated (WD), 14 cases (35%) moderately differentiated (MD) and 12 cases (30%) poorly differentiated (PD) OSCC. 2 cases (9%) were WD, 4 (18%) were MD and 16 (73%) were PD. There were 8 cases (27%) of PD, 14 (46%) MD and 8 cases (27%) of WD- CRC included in this study. In EC, there were 53 cases, 12 (22.69%) WD, 37 (67.8%) MD, 4 (75.4%) PD cases. Results: 65% of the OSCC, 55% of BC, all cases of CRC and EC were positive for SP. 8% of WD, 93% of MD, 100% PD were SP-positive in OSCC; 50% WD, 75% MD, 50% PD cases were SP-positive in BC; all cases of CRC and EC were SP-positive. Regarding the intensity of SP stain...
Background: Maternal mortality (MM) is a matter of serious concern in low income developing count... more Background: Maternal mortality (MM) is a matter of serious concern in low income developing countries (LDCs). Perspective: A great reduction has been observed regarding the maternal deaths globally after huge efforts since 1990 todate. However, the situation continues to be either stagnant or worsening in developing countries, suggesting that the efforts to cope with this issue are either insufficient or not properly implemented. We need to first diagnose the problem areas that are a great hurdle in the road to success towards the reduction of MM. Postpartum haemorrhage and preeclampsia are one of the most common causes of MM. Malnutrition, neurological dysfunction and cancer are among the non-obstetric causes. Trained medical and paramedical staff can be of great help in this regard by increasing awareness among masses at grass root level. Target set by Millennium Development goal has minimized the MM by 44%. But it has not met the target set by Millenium Development Goals 5 and a ...
Gambogic acid, a common traditional Chinese medicine and widely distributed throughout South Chin... more Gambogic acid, a common traditional Chinese medicine and widely distributed throughout South China, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand. It is prenylated xanthone which is the significant bioactive compound of gamboge. Gambogic acid is known as a strong apoptotic inducer in cancer cells. It has been found as strong anticancer agent against various types of cancer cells lines such as breast cancer, pancreatic, and cervical cancer. It induces apoptosis, down regulates the anti-apoptotic proteins (survivin and BCL2,) and down regulates the activities of P-glycoprotein in drug sensitive human breast MCF-7 and drug-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells. Similarly, it also exerts alteration in P13K, AKT, p21, MMP-2 &-9, and phosphorylated-AKT expressions. The current review highlights the anticancer and chemo-preventive perspectives of gambogic acid and its mechanistic role against human and animal cancers.
Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences, 2021
Antibiotics are used to treat a number of bacterial infections. However, overuse or misuse of ant... more Antibiotics are used to treat a number of bacterial infections. However, overuse or misuse of antibiotics has raised serious concerns against antibioticresistance amongst bacteria. Hence, antibiotics are becoming inefficient in treating bacterial infections leading to an increase in mortality rate worldwide. The domestic animals especially birds are a major source of transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria in human through excrement and cause bacterial diseases in human. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of different antibiotics prior to their prescription as a measure to prevent antibiotic resistance in bacteria. For this 120 cloacal swab samples were collected from the domestic pigeons of District Narowal to isolate Pseudomonas sp. and assess the efficacy of different antibiotics prior to their prescription as a measure to prevent antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Antibacterial activities were evaluated by performing antibiotic susceptibility pattern o...
Sustainable Development Agenda is gaining importance, acknowledging its importance right adaptati... more Sustainable Development Agenda is gaining importance, acknowledging its importance right adaptation of interventions for housing regarding vector-borne disease prevention as suggested by “Keeping the Vector Out” can make cities and human settlements vector-proof and sustainable.Objective: To assess community perceptions regarding chikungunya vector-proof housing for sustainable development. MethodS: Descriptive cross-sectional study included 400 households of Aziz Bhatti Town, Lahore. A semi-structured questionnaire administered by personal interview method to the available and willing adult member of the household by Researcher with the environmental inspector and lady sanitary patrol of Dengue and Polio survey teams of DDO office Aziz Bhatti Town Lahore, using simple random sampling technique after consent and ethical approval. The questionnaire was pre-tested (Pilot). Data analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: Among 400 households interviewed, the majority 69.7% were living in house...
Background: Models have been developed to predict a variety of outcomes, for all cardiac surgery ... more Background: Models have been developed to predict a variety of outcomes, for all cardiac surgery and also for specific cardiac surgery procedures. The most broadly utilized model for anticipating mortality in cardiovascular surgery was EuroSCORE I which has been upgraded in recent times to EuroSCORE II. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the EuroSCORE II in anticipating the mortality in patients experiencing cardiac surgery.Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional observational study from a sample of 101 cardiac surgery patients was conducted to evaluate the outcomes (length of stay at ICU and hospital and mortality) of postoperative cardiac surgery in relation to EuroSCORE II at Punjab Institute of Cardiology Lahore from 22nd April, 2016 to 15th December, 2016.Results: Mean values of WBCs, serum creatinine and bilirubin total were significantly increased from preoperative to postoperative-I and a minor decrease on the postoperative II readings whereas m...
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease, ... more Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease, but is a partially reversible chronic inflammatory condition characterized by airway obstruction. COPD remains under-diagnosed and under-treated because the only available diagnostic method at present is testing lung functions by spirometry which is not helpful to determine the severity and clinical outcomes of the disease. Circulating biomarkers are under consideration for various diseases worldwide. Plasma fibrinogen is emerging as one of the most promising biomarkers of COPD in smokers.
Archives of Medical Sciences. Atherosclerotic Diseases, 2020
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of premature deaths worldwide, and ... more Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of premature deaths worldwide, and atherosclerosis (AS) is a major risk factor associated with them. B-mode ultrasound is a well-validated research tool that has been translated increasingly into clinical practice. The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of carotid intima media thickness by B-mode ultrasonography in coronary artery disease patients. Material and methods This was a case control study, including 100 cases and the same number of controls. Patients with positive angiographic findings and chest pain were considered as cases and those without as negative. Duplex carotid ultrasound was used to detect intima-media thickness (IMT). B-mode real-time ultrasonic images were obtained with a 7 MHz transducer. An intima media thickness of 0.6 mm was considered as being without plaque. Results The angiographic findings were single-vessel disease, double-vessel disease, and triple-vessel disease in 18%,...
Maternal mortality (MM) is a matter of serious concern in low income developing countries (LDCs).... more Maternal mortality (MM) is a matter of serious concern in low income developing countries (LDCs). A great reduction has been observed regarding the maternal deaths globally after huge efforts since 1990 todate. However, the situation continues to be either stagnant or worsening in developing countries, suggesting that the efforts to cope with this issue are either insufficient or not properly implemented. We need to first diagnose the problem areas that are a great hurdle in the road to success towards the reduction of MM. Postpartum hemorrhage and preeclampsia are one of the most common causes of MM. Malnutrition, neurological dysfunction and cancer are among the non-obstetric causes. Trained medical and paramedical staff can be of great help in this regard by increasing awareness among masses at grass root level. Target set by Millennium Development goal has minimized the MM by 44%. But it has not met the target set by Millenium Development Goals 5 and a lot of measures need to be...
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