The use of Kazakh, one of the Turkish dialects, as a literary language began after the second hal... more The use of Kazakh, one of the Turkish dialects, as a literary language began after the second half of the 19th century. The policy of converting local languages into literary languages in order to separate Turkish communities was initiated by Nikolay Ilminskiy, a linguist and missionary who determined the language and education policies of the Russian Tsardom. The work to produce a special alphabet for each Turkish community began on this basis during the Tsarist period. As a result of this policy, which was continued by the USSR administration established in 1922, the Kazakhs and Turkish communities first switched to the Latin alphabet and then to the Cyrillic alphabet, which was created separately by taking into account local differences. Thus, the differences between the Central Asian Turks were deepened, the differences between them were highlighted, and the cultural unity between the Turkish communities was disrupted. Between 1920 and 1940, the alphabet used by the Kazakhs was changed from the Arabic alphabet to the Latin alphabet and from the Latin alphabet to the Cyrillic alphabet, and the alphabet was changed 3 times in 20 years. Today, the effects of this policy, inherited from the Tsarist and Soviet administrations, continue in Kazakhstan, which has gained its independence. While the Cyrillic alphabet continues to be used in Kazakhstan, a transition to the Latin alphabet is planned.
Khanates emerged in Azerbaijan in the second half of the 18th century. As a result of the civil w... more Khanates emerged in Azerbaijan in the second half of the 18th century. As a result of the civil wars between the Khanates, there was no central power that could protect Azerbaijan, which was divided and divided, from invasion and external threats. Therefore, there were wars between Russia, Iran and the Ottoman states, who fought fiercely with each other to dominate the Azerbaijani geography. Russia, which stood out as the winner of the wars in the first quarter of the 1800s, occupied Azerbaijan, the most important country of the Caucasus, by using military force and dominated it politically and militarily. Russia; After the occupation, it changed the demographic structure of Azerbaijan by bringing Christian people to it, carried out efforts to convert it religiously and Christianize it, exploited its economic resources and completely captured it. Russia has developed strategies and prepared and implemented projects to invade Azerbaijan, annex it to its country and keep it under its control. By 1830, the entire South Caucasus, including Azerbaijan, was taken over by Russia. In this article, the process of Russia's annexation, exploitation and Christianization of Azerbaijan in the 19th century is examined and explained.
Besides nations who were under control of Russia, 1905 Russian Revolution affected Azerbaijan Tur... more Besides nations who were under control of Russia, 1905 Russian Revolution affected Azerbaijan Turks as well and brought some important improvements in their life. Musavat Party one of the political bodies, founded by Turks who gained a restricted independent environment thanks to Russian Revolution, became the most important and the most effective body in Azerbaijan political enviranment. Musavat Part carried out its activities secretly because it was exposed to severe pressure and even its leader Mehmet Emin Resulzade had to manage the party s activities out of Azerbaijan due to these pressures. However, he went on his duties and he became the most effective person in declaring Republic of Azerbaijan in 1918. Musavat Party which was founded officially in 1911 lost its power with Soviet invasion in 1920 and in 1922 it became uneffective complately.
The use of Kazakh, one of the Turkish dialects, as a literary language began after the second hal... more The use of Kazakh, one of the Turkish dialects, as a literary language began after the second half of the 19th century. The policy of converting local languages into literary languages in order to separate Turkish communities was initiated by Nikolay Ilminskiy, a linguist and missionary who determined the language and education policies of the Russian Tsardom. The work to produce a special alphabet for each Turkish community began on this basis during the Tsarist period. As a result of this policy, which was continued by the USSR administration established in 1922, the Kazakhs and Turkish communities first switched to the Latin alphabet and then to the Cyrillic alphabet, which was created separately by taking into account local differences. Thus, the differences between the Central Asian Turks were deepened, the differences between them were highlighted, and the cultural unity between the Turkish communities was disrupted. Between 1920 and 1940, the alphabet used by the Kazakhs was changed from the Arabic alphabet to the Latin alphabet and from the Latin alphabet to the Cyrillic alphabet, and the alphabet was changed 3 times in 20 years. Today, the effects of this policy, inherited from the Tsarist and Soviet administrations, continue in Kazakhstan, which has gained its independence. While the Cyrillic alphabet continues to be used in Kazakhstan, a transition to the Latin alphabet is planned.
Khanates emerged in Azerbaijan in the second half of the 18th century. As a result of the civil w... more Khanates emerged in Azerbaijan in the second half of the 18th century. As a result of the civil wars between the Khanates, there was no central power that could protect Azerbaijan, which was divided and divided, from invasion and external threats. Therefore, there were wars between Russia, Iran and the Ottoman states, who fought fiercely with each other to dominate the Azerbaijani geography. Russia, which stood out as the winner of the wars in the first quarter of the 1800s, occupied Azerbaijan, the most important country of the Caucasus, by using military force and dominated it politically and militarily. Russia; After the occupation, it changed the demographic structure of Azerbaijan by bringing Christian people to it, carried out efforts to convert it religiously and Christianize it, exploited its economic resources and completely captured it. Russia has developed strategies and prepared and implemented projects to invade Azerbaijan, annex it to its country and keep it under its control. By 1830, the entire South Caucasus, including Azerbaijan, was taken over by Russia. In this article, the process of Russia's annexation, exploitation and Christianization of Azerbaijan in the 19th century is examined and explained.
Besides nations who were under control of Russia, 1905 Russian Revolution affected Azerbaijan Tur... more Besides nations who were under control of Russia, 1905 Russian Revolution affected Azerbaijan Turks as well and brought some important improvements in their life. Musavat Party one of the political bodies, founded by Turks who gained a restricted independent environment thanks to Russian Revolution, became the most important and the most effective body in Azerbaijan political enviranment. Musavat Part carried out its activities secretly because it was exposed to severe pressure and even its leader Mehmet Emin Resulzade had to manage the party s activities out of Azerbaijan due to these pressures. However, he went on his duties and he became the most effective person in declaring Republic of Azerbaijan in 1918. Musavat Party which was founded officially in 1911 lost its power with Soviet invasion in 1920 and in 1922 it became uneffective complately.
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as well and brought some important improvements in their life. Musavat Party one of the political bodies,
founded by Turks who gained a restricted independent environment thanks to Russian Revolution,
became the most important and the most effective body in Azerbaijan political enviranment. Musavat Part
carried out its activities secretly because it was exposed to severe pressure and even its leader Mehmet Emin
Resulzade had to manage the party s activities out of Azerbaijan due to these pressures. However, he went
on his duties and he became the most effective person in declaring Republic of Azerbaijan in 1918. Musavat
Party which was founded officially in 1911 lost its power with Soviet invasion in 1920 and in 1922 it became
uneffective complately.
as well and brought some important improvements in their life. Musavat Party one of the political bodies,
founded by Turks who gained a restricted independent environment thanks to Russian Revolution,
became the most important and the most effective body in Azerbaijan political enviranment. Musavat Part
carried out its activities secretly because it was exposed to severe pressure and even its leader Mehmet Emin
Resulzade had to manage the party s activities out of Azerbaijan due to these pressures. However, he went
on his duties and he became the most effective person in declaring Republic of Azerbaijan in 1918. Musavat
Party which was founded officially in 1911 lost its power with Soviet invasion in 1920 and in 1922 it became
uneffective complately.