This study was conducted to address algal toxins using potassium permanganate through the control... more This study was conducted to address algal toxins using potassium permanganate through the control of biomass growth of algae under following conditions value 25 ± 1°C illumination intensity value 245 microeinstein/m 2 /s, using the culture media Chu-10 Modified for the purpose of development algae. We treated algal toxins belonging to groups of Neurotoxins, Hepatotoxins, Pyriproxyfen, Emodin, Brevetoxins-10 (A) and Cytotoxins using concentrations of potassium permanganate represented by 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/l with alum concentration for each concentration of 30 mg/l, as the removal rate reached to 100% of the toxin blooms in concentrations of 8 and 16 mg/l respectively, through the examination of algal toxins mediated by GC-MASS compared to the standard, which diagnosed a range of algal toxins with C 2 H 3 C 12 NO formulas of synthetic C
Air pollution has become an increasingly important environmental issue in Iraq. High levels of su... more Air pollution has become an increasingly important environmental issue in Iraq. High levels of suspended particulates have become a common parameter of many regions. Air pollution is a serious environmental health threat to humans. Adverse effects range from nausea, difficulty in breathing and skin irritations, to birth defects, immuno-suppression and cancer. The pollutants for which sampling and analytical techniques discussed are O3, CO2 and Temperature. Samples were collected from two stations in Baghdad city for 2 years (2012 & 2013). The study assesses levels and variations of Ozone (O3), carbon Dioxide (CO2) and the Temperature, using stationary environmental monitoring stations in Baghdad, Iraq. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) Two way confirmed significant variations in monthly observations. Also, t-test for difference of means as two independent samples showed that except for CO2 in Al-Andulis air monitoring station all the other air quality parameters do not show significant d...
In 1970s the city of Baghdad had a good infrastructure. Education and healthcare systems were wid... more In 1970s the city of Baghdad had a good infrastructure. Education and healthcare systems were widely regarded as the best in the Middle East. Income per capita rose to over US$3600 in the early 1980s. Since that time, successive wars and a repressive, state-dominated economic system have stifled economic growth and development and debilitated basic infrastructure and social services. At the end of the 2003 war, Baghdad's infrastructure was seriously degraded. The majority of the population had limited or inadequate access to essential basic services. Currently, there is an ongoing effort by donor countries, such as the United States (US) (through the US Agency for International Development (USAID)), Japan, the European Union (EU), etc., as well as efforts by multilateral agencies such as the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), and Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), to restore the sector to standards that existed prior to the latest conflict. The present study deals with the evaluation of four projects proposed to improve the deteriorating status of water and wastewater treatment plants. Three methods viz. checklist, strategic environment assessment and cost and benefit analysis are used to evaluate the efficiency of the projects.
Contamination of water reserves by biological, chemical, and radiologic agents may affect the hea... more Contamination of water reserves by biological, chemical, and radiologic agents may affect the health of millions of residents in the Iraq as well as many others throughout the world. Fatal outbreaks of cholera struck several provinces of the country, including Baghdad. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) also says air pollution, resulting from burning oil and aggravated by war, is cause for concern. The study area Baghdad has been divided into two parts: Central Baghdad and Outskirts of Baghdad (included in Baghdad but near the boundaries of Baghdad). The outskirts of Baghdad comprises of 4 cities: Al-Hussaniya located in northern part of Baghdad, Abu-Gurabe located in the western side of Baghdad, Jissr Diyala located in the eastern side of Baghdad and finally Al-Mahmodiya located in the southern side of Baghdad. These cities are in very poor situation in terms of water supply. The quality of water supplied is bad as no attention is given to WTP's in these places, which is also because of the fact that given the insecure war conditions, these areas are inaccessible. The sewage is thrown directly into the river because these areas do not have sewage treatment plants. In case of central Baghdad the water supply and sewerage network are broken in some places. Due to this there is mixing of water between the two networks. For this study we taking water supply samples and collect all the samples from WTPs and water supply network (houses, shops and different places). We made the analysis to parts first bacteriologies, second chlorine and after analysis these samples in lab we will give in our study numbers of fail samples, type of diseases and how many case during year 2007 in Baghdad City. Also in this study we will give Estimated Deaths from Water-Related Diseases 2010 to 2035.
In the capital city of Baghdad, The surface water suffering from effect of conservative pollutant... more In the capital city of Baghdad, The surface water suffering from effect of conservative pollutants. Baghdad city has two rivers, the main river Tigris River and Diyala River in boundary of Baghdad city (Jassir Diyala) eastern of Baghdad as is shown in Figure 1. The present study deals with the evaluation of water quality of Tigris River within Baghdad. In the case of Tigris River the concentrations of TH, TDS, PO 4 and SO 4 were found to lie outside the acceptable range of WHO standards by using WQI analysis and C++ program.
The present study shows that the reason for isolation of Glossiphonia complanata from these aquat... more The present study shows that the reason for isolation of Glossiphonia complanata from these aquatic plants was firstly founding of aquatic oligochaeta, snails and chironomidae that settled on aquatic plants as food. Secondly the aquatic plants itself represent favorable environment for growth and reproduction for G. complanata and as food for oligochaeta, chironomidae and snails. When the number of G. complanata increased the number of worms and snails decreased as observed. The aim of this study was to discover causes of isolation of G. complanata.
This study included isolation and identification of E. sakazakii from 51 different samples of pow... more This study included isolation and identification of E. sakazakii from 51 different samples of powdered infant formula milk involved (Dialak 1 & 2, Celia 1 & 2, Primalac, Biomil 1 & 2, Similac, Nictalia 1 & 2, MAMi, Novolac (AD), Novolac (AR), Novolac (Allernova), S-26 AR, Nursoy, S-26 PDF gold. The results showed that one batch from three of the batches identified of Novolac and Dialak were contaminated and all the types of other infants were non-contaminated. The strains code given as (E1, E2, E3, E4); the bacteria showed resistance to antibiotics used was cephalosporin batch; the third generation showed sensitive to antibiotics life results through inhibition processes such as (Cefotaxime, Sifutetan and Siftadizim), where the diameters of inhibition zone for Siftadizim (18 mm), Sifutetan (22 mm) & Cefotaxime (25 mm) confirmed the bacteria by API and Vitek Compact-2 (biomero).
The project Al-Masab Al-Aam (Third River) of major development projects in Iraq because it is imp... more The project Al-Masab Al-Aam (Third River) of major development projects in Iraq because it is important in the transport of salt water from the reclamation of farmland in central and southern Iraq through an interconnected network of main and secondary canals and all of the estuary in which the transfer of salt water and residues of chemical fertilizers widely used in agriculture to the Arabian Gulf through the Shatt Al-Arab. In this study, we evaluate the water quality of Al-Masab Al-Am River within the Baghdad City by using ANOVA two-way test (space and time). Samples were collected from two stations in Baghdad City (ST1 located in Abu Ghraib west of Baghdad & ST2 located in Al-Mahmudiyah South of Baghdad) monthly collection for three years (2010, 2011 & 2012).
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 2014
Water and wastewater systems in Iraq have thoroughly been damaged in the First and Second Gulf Wa... more Water and wastewater systems in Iraq have thoroughly been damaged in the First and Second Gulf Wars. Moreover, the Hussein regime in Iraq left the water system to collapse, and caused it to be in desperate need of modernization, redevelopment and improvement. For the purpose of this study, samples were collected from two stations along with Diyala River in Baghdad City. The major sources of data are the Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Water Resources. We used Detection of Violation to determine the water quality of Diyala River and Al-Rustumiya Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Violation for Diyala River shows the parameters (BOD, SO 4 , PO 4 & Cl) are 100% violations and that maximum level of pollution. Al-Rustumiya Wastewater Treatment Plant was having very high level of violation for the years (2005, 2006 & 2007) and the values were between (55%-87%).
ABSTRACT Purposes of this study evaluate air quality by analysis of heavy metals (Ni, Cu and Pb) ... more ABSTRACT Purposes of this study evaluate air quality by analysis of heavy metals (Ni, Cu and Pb) using ANOVA two-way test (space and time) within Baghdad city. Samples were collected from 3 stations in Baghdad city for 2 years (2009 & 2010). Concentrations (lead) were mostly exceeding the specific proposed national lead = 2 μg m−3, nickel was exceeded for the specific (1) mcg m−3. That of the causes of increased concentrations of heavy metals in the air is the occurrence of dust storms which carry dust storms amounts of dust containing heavy metals from the surface of land passing through, causing high concentrations of total suspended particles and that was mostly exceeding the specific national proposal and thus increasing the concentrations of heavy metals. Which indicates the possibility that the dust raised by wind erosion, which led to high concentrations of total suspended particles are the soils coming from the industrial areas is most likely because it is loaded at rates greater than the concentrations of heavy metals originating in industry. In sum, more than 50% of the concentrations of as exceeding the specified or exceeding the rates for the public.
This study was conducted to address algal toxins using potassium permanganate through the control... more This study was conducted to address algal toxins using potassium permanganate through the control of biomass growth of algae under following conditions value 25 ± 1°C illumination intensity value 245 microeinstein/m 2 /s, using the culture media Chu-10 Modified for the purpose of development algae. We treated algal toxins belonging to groups of Neurotoxins, Hepatotoxins, Pyriproxyfen, Emodin, Brevetoxins-10 (A) and Cytotoxins using concentrations of potassium permanganate represented by 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/l with alum concentration for each concentration of 30 mg/l, as the removal rate reached to 100% of the toxin blooms in concentrations of 8 and 16 mg/l respectively, through the examination of algal toxins mediated by GC-MASS compared to the standard, which diagnosed a range of algal toxins with C 2 H 3 C 12 NO formulas of synthetic C
Air pollution has become an increasingly important environmental issue in Iraq. High levels of su... more Air pollution has become an increasingly important environmental issue in Iraq. High levels of suspended particulates have become a common parameter of many regions. Air pollution is a serious environmental health threat to humans. Adverse effects range from nausea, difficulty in breathing and skin irritations, to birth defects, immuno-suppression and cancer. The pollutants for which sampling and analytical techniques discussed are O3, CO2 and Temperature. Samples were collected from two stations in Baghdad city for 2 years (2012 & 2013). The study assesses levels and variations of Ozone (O3), carbon Dioxide (CO2) and the Temperature, using stationary environmental monitoring stations in Baghdad, Iraq. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) Two way confirmed significant variations in monthly observations. Also, t-test for difference of means as two independent samples showed that except for CO2 in Al-Andulis air monitoring station all the other air quality parameters do not show significant d...
In 1970s the city of Baghdad had a good infrastructure. Education and healthcare systems were wid... more In 1970s the city of Baghdad had a good infrastructure. Education and healthcare systems were widely regarded as the best in the Middle East. Income per capita rose to over US$3600 in the early 1980s. Since that time, successive wars and a repressive, state-dominated economic system have stifled economic growth and development and debilitated basic infrastructure and social services. At the end of the 2003 war, Baghdad's infrastructure was seriously degraded. The majority of the population had limited or inadequate access to essential basic services. Currently, there is an ongoing effort by donor countries, such as the United States (US) (through the US Agency for International Development (USAID)), Japan, the European Union (EU), etc., as well as efforts by multilateral agencies such as the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), and Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), to restore the sector to standards that existed prior to the latest conflict. The present study deals with the evaluation of four projects proposed to improve the deteriorating status of water and wastewater treatment plants. Three methods viz. checklist, strategic environment assessment and cost and benefit analysis are used to evaluate the efficiency of the projects.
Contamination of water reserves by biological, chemical, and radiologic agents may affect the hea... more Contamination of water reserves by biological, chemical, and radiologic agents may affect the health of millions of residents in the Iraq as well as many others throughout the world. Fatal outbreaks of cholera struck several provinces of the country, including Baghdad. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) also says air pollution, resulting from burning oil and aggravated by war, is cause for concern. The study area Baghdad has been divided into two parts: Central Baghdad and Outskirts of Baghdad (included in Baghdad but near the boundaries of Baghdad). The outskirts of Baghdad comprises of 4 cities: Al-Hussaniya located in northern part of Baghdad, Abu-Gurabe located in the western side of Baghdad, Jissr Diyala located in the eastern side of Baghdad and finally Al-Mahmodiya located in the southern side of Baghdad. These cities are in very poor situation in terms of water supply. The quality of water supplied is bad as no attention is given to WTP's in these places, which is also because of the fact that given the insecure war conditions, these areas are inaccessible. The sewage is thrown directly into the river because these areas do not have sewage treatment plants. In case of central Baghdad the water supply and sewerage network are broken in some places. Due to this there is mixing of water between the two networks. For this study we taking water supply samples and collect all the samples from WTPs and water supply network (houses, shops and different places). We made the analysis to parts first bacteriologies, second chlorine and after analysis these samples in lab we will give in our study numbers of fail samples, type of diseases and how many case during year 2007 in Baghdad City. Also in this study we will give Estimated Deaths from Water-Related Diseases 2010 to 2035.
In the capital city of Baghdad, The surface water suffering from effect of conservative pollutant... more In the capital city of Baghdad, The surface water suffering from effect of conservative pollutants. Baghdad city has two rivers, the main river Tigris River and Diyala River in boundary of Baghdad city (Jassir Diyala) eastern of Baghdad as is shown in Figure 1. The present study deals with the evaluation of water quality of Tigris River within Baghdad. In the case of Tigris River the concentrations of TH, TDS, PO 4 and SO 4 were found to lie outside the acceptable range of WHO standards by using WQI analysis and C++ program.
The present study shows that the reason for isolation of Glossiphonia complanata from these aquat... more The present study shows that the reason for isolation of Glossiphonia complanata from these aquatic plants was firstly founding of aquatic oligochaeta, snails and chironomidae that settled on aquatic plants as food. Secondly the aquatic plants itself represent favorable environment for growth and reproduction for G. complanata and as food for oligochaeta, chironomidae and snails. When the number of G. complanata increased the number of worms and snails decreased as observed. The aim of this study was to discover causes of isolation of G. complanata.
This study included isolation and identification of E. sakazakii from 51 different samples of pow... more This study included isolation and identification of E. sakazakii from 51 different samples of powdered infant formula milk involved (Dialak 1 & 2, Celia 1 & 2, Primalac, Biomil 1 & 2, Similac, Nictalia 1 & 2, MAMi, Novolac (AD), Novolac (AR), Novolac (Allernova), S-26 AR, Nursoy, S-26 PDF gold. The results showed that one batch from three of the batches identified of Novolac and Dialak were contaminated and all the types of other infants were non-contaminated. The strains code given as (E1, E2, E3, E4); the bacteria showed resistance to antibiotics used was cephalosporin batch; the third generation showed sensitive to antibiotics life results through inhibition processes such as (Cefotaxime, Sifutetan and Siftadizim), where the diameters of inhibition zone for Siftadizim (18 mm), Sifutetan (22 mm) & Cefotaxime (25 mm) confirmed the bacteria by API and Vitek Compact-2 (biomero).
The project Al-Masab Al-Aam (Third River) of major development projects in Iraq because it is imp... more The project Al-Masab Al-Aam (Third River) of major development projects in Iraq because it is important in the transport of salt water from the reclamation of farmland in central and southern Iraq through an interconnected network of main and secondary canals and all of the estuary in which the transfer of salt water and residues of chemical fertilizers widely used in agriculture to the Arabian Gulf through the Shatt Al-Arab. In this study, we evaluate the water quality of Al-Masab Al-Am River within the Baghdad City by using ANOVA two-way test (space and time). Samples were collected from two stations in Baghdad City (ST1 located in Abu Ghraib west of Baghdad & ST2 located in Al-Mahmudiyah South of Baghdad) monthly collection for three years (2010, 2011 & 2012).
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 2014
Water and wastewater systems in Iraq have thoroughly been damaged in the First and Second Gulf Wa... more Water and wastewater systems in Iraq have thoroughly been damaged in the First and Second Gulf Wars. Moreover, the Hussein regime in Iraq left the water system to collapse, and caused it to be in desperate need of modernization, redevelopment and improvement. For the purpose of this study, samples were collected from two stations along with Diyala River in Baghdad City. The major sources of data are the Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Water Resources. We used Detection of Violation to determine the water quality of Diyala River and Al-Rustumiya Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Violation for Diyala River shows the parameters (BOD, SO 4 , PO 4 & Cl) are 100% violations and that maximum level of pollution. Al-Rustumiya Wastewater Treatment Plant was having very high level of violation for the years (2005, 2006 & 2007) and the values were between (55%-87%).
ABSTRACT Purposes of this study evaluate air quality by analysis of heavy metals (Ni, Cu and Pb) ... more ABSTRACT Purposes of this study evaluate air quality by analysis of heavy metals (Ni, Cu and Pb) using ANOVA two-way test (space and time) within Baghdad city. Samples were collected from 3 stations in Baghdad city for 2 years (2009 & 2010). Concentrations (lead) were mostly exceeding the specific proposed national lead = 2 μg m−3, nickel was exceeded for the specific (1) mcg m−3. That of the causes of increased concentrations of heavy metals in the air is the occurrence of dust storms which carry dust storms amounts of dust containing heavy metals from the surface of land passing through, causing high concentrations of total suspended particles and that was mostly exceeding the specific national proposal and thus increasing the concentrations of heavy metals. Which indicates the possibility that the dust raised by wind erosion, which led to high concentrations of total suspended particles are the soils coming from the industrial areas is most likely because it is loaded at rates greater than the concentrations of heavy metals originating in industry. In sum, more than 50% of the concentrations of as exceeding the specified or exceeding the rates for the public.
Uploads
Papers by Allaa Aenab