A human figurine carved on a large limestone cobble was found in the excavations of Horbat Sasay,... more A human figurine carved on a large limestone cobble was found in the excavations of Horbat Sasay, conducted on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority. It schematically portrays eyes and a mouth and, like other types of human head representations found in the region, it is suggested that it belongs to the southern Levantine Neolithic period. Together with the description of the figurine, comparisons are presented to other known figurines depicting the human face from the Levant and other nearby regions, as well as an interpretation of these human faces and their expressions in relation to the drastic changes that occurred in these regions during the so-called Neolithic revolution and the social organization of the late prehistoric communities of the Levant.
In the large-scale excavations conducted in recent years east of Tel Yavne, many finds from the R... more In the large-scale excavations conducted in recent years east of Tel Yavne, many finds from the Roman period were discovered. At the same time as the remains of the settlement that existed in the place throughout the first centuries AD, the cemeteries of the city are being uncovered. Five cemeteries have been discovered, different in size and scattered in adjacent and distant areas from the ancient city. The use of the cemeteries continued for a long time and three layers of burial were identified (1st -8th centuries AD). The residents of the city buried their dead in different ways, and in different parts of the cemetery there are many similarities and differences in the types of burials. This article will focus on the differences and commonalities between all of these assemblages while raising possible explanations for the various phenomena. We will present the different types of burials discovered in the excavations conducted in 2019-2022 and the burial customs practiced in the city of Yavne during the Roman period.
Cities, Monuments and Objects in the Roman and Byzantine Levant Studies in Honour of Gabi Mazor, 2022
Russian pilgrimage literature has a long and rich tradition. The first books of Russian travelers... more Russian pilgrimage literature has a long and rich tradition. The first books of Russian travelers to the Holy Land were descriptive and full of religious enthusiasm. However, none of these books was a practical guide for the travelerliterature of this kind was not yet necessary, since traveling to Holy Land was still the destiny of a few. Difficulties were associated with obtaining official travel permits from the Russian and Ottoman authorities, as well as with the high cost and irregularity of sea communication. A real revolution occurred when, after Russia's defeat in the Crimean War, the Russian government saw an increase in the number of Russian pilgrims as an effective way to restore its shaky authority in the Middle East. One of the main ways to achieve this goal was the creation of a guidebook to Holy Land that could satisfy the requirements of a wide range of Russian pilgrims. The further development of Russian language guides before the First World War reflected all the changes that had occurred in the organization and promotion of the Russian religious pilgrimage movement and echoed the evolution in the structure and composition of fast-growing tourism from the territory of the Russian Empire.
Rescue excavations carried out near the Tel Qatra made it possible to learn about the nature of t... more Rescue excavations carried out near the Tel Qatra made it possible to learn about the nature of the economic activity of the inhabitants of the ancient settlement and showed that for a long time - from the Middle Bronze to the end of Roman period - the area located between the Tel and the Kidron stream was used for agriculture, for burial, for quarries. The industrial area at the foot of the mound reached its peak in the Byzantine period: houses, bathes and a complex system of plastered pools connected by canals and clay pipes were built on this site one after another. A large area at the foot of the Tel is used for pottery production, founded at the end of the third century and operating until the seventh or early eighth century AD. Evidence of the existence of workshops for the manufacture of glass and metal vessels was also found. During the Abbasid and Mamluk periods, several residential buildings were erected in the area, the inhabitants of which apparently engaged in agriculture. On the floors of most of the rooms, tabuns of various sizes and many grinding stones were preserved. New facilities were built, including many round silos (18 in number), some of which were located inside the residential buildings and some outside them.
Abstract Pottery kilns are usually recognizable in the archaeological record based on their promi... more Abstract Pottery kilns are usually recognizable in the archaeological record based on their prominent and characteristic architectural features, evidence of exposure to high temperatures and associated waste products. Here we describe how we identified a kiln that has no readily recognizable architectural features, but does have an upper chamber full of broken pottery, and a lower chamber full of ash. The typology of the pottery in the upper chamber and radiocarbon dating show that the kiln was constructed after around 600 CE and was used until the early 7th century. The confining structures around these two chambers are sediments, some of which were deliberately brought to the site. A detailed study of the section through the kiln using on-site and off-site microarchaeological techniques revealed much about the firing conditions. The ash is composed almost entirely of phytoliths with a small amount of calcite. Surprisingly the diversity of phytolith morphotypes identified was low, and many of the phytoliths are unusually large multicells. The phytolith analysis shows that the fuel was mainly the stalks/chaff of domesticated grasses, most probably wheat, and probably not animal dung. Many of the phytolith morphologies are distorted and charred due to exposure to high temperatures, and show birefringence. Infrared spectra show that the phytoliths have partially recrystallized into the high temperature silicate mineral cristobalite. Slags formed close to the inner surfaces of the confining sediments presumably from melted phytoliths, and some of the clay-rich sediment close to these surfaces is clearly heat altered. These observations show that the temperatures in the firing chamber ranged from around 700 to 900 °C. The calcite in this ash is extremely disordered at the atomic level, based on the grinding curve analysis. A partial reconstruction of the kiln structure shows that the pottery chamber is above the firing chamber, and there is no constructed partition that separates the two chambers. The identification and characterization of this unusual kiln depended significantly on the use of the microarchaeological approach.
Strata: Bulletine of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society (35), 2017
Megalithic burial structures are widespread in various regions of the ancient Near East. However,... more Megalithic burial structures are widespread in various regions of the ancient Near East. However, they were virtually absent from the archaeological record of the hilly areas and coastal plain of today's Israel, and it has been generally accepted that this type of burial architecture is not present in these parts of the country. Yet, the results of salvage excavations carried out on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority during recent years significantly alter this assumption. The remains of the megalithic structures presented in this paper attest to the existence of this phenomenon in the Shephelah, and the material found within them enables us to date their construction in this part of the ancient Near East as early as the Early Bronze Age I.
The pseudo-amorphous clay components of some of the pottery sherds that formed a surface in the f... more The pseudo-amorphous clay components of some of the pottery sherds that formed a surface in the firing chamber of a Late Byzantine kiln were shown by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to have undergone almost complete recrystallization. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that the crystalline montmorillonite component of these sherds increased and kaolinite formed de novo. As this recrystallization process only occurred in the center of the firing chamber, we infer that the recrystallization process was due to repeated exposure of the sherds to high temperatures. The zeolite gonnardite was identified by X-ray diffraction. The chemical compositions of sodium-rich minerals, determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), are consistent with the presence of gonnardite and analcime, and showed that the sodium was partially substituted by calcium and other cations. As these zeolites were also present in sherds from the upper pottery chamber, they did not form only as a result...
Journal of Hellenistic Pottery & Material Culture (HJP) 4: 44-58, 2019
The northern rooms of a large structure located on a low hill rising to the height of one hundred... more The northern rooms of a large structure located on a low hill rising to the height of one hundred meters above the sea level to the northeast of the entrance to the town of El'ad were seriously damaged during construction of the new patrol road around the northern residential quarter of the town in 2001 1. The structure (41 x 28 m) was surveyed and identified as a fortress during the survey project ›Map of Rosh ha-Ain‹ 2 (fig. 1). It seems that the researchers came to this conclusion after finding massive northwest and northeast corners of a structure built of large fieldstones (up to 1.4 m long), which survived to the height of more than one meter. A rectangular concrete maintenance box (9.0 x 11.0 m) erected in the southeast corner and dense thickets of cacti did not allow us to examine the southern part of the ancient structure and the excavations took place only in its northern part (figs. 2-3). The long outer wall 73, which bordered the structure from the north, and about ten rooms arranged in several rows along the north-south axis were partially or completely excavated. Outer and inner walls of the structure, approximately of the same width (0.85-0.90 m) were built of one row of large roughly hewn stones (1.0 x 0.80 x 0.60 m), which were arranged mainly across the walls. Rows of massive stones alternate with thin fills of small flat stones (fig. 4). Sections of walls W58 and W74 were found covered with thick layer of white plaster. Mostly, the structure walls were erected on bedrock that was leveled, covered with a thick layer of white or gray plaster and served as a floor in some rooms (Loci 36. 42) (fig. 5). In other rooms the floors were made of tightly packed earth (Loci 15, 34), just leveled bedrock (L35) or paved with stones (L53) (fig. 6).
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 31, 2020
Pottery kilns are usually recognizable in the archaeological record based on their prominent and ... more Pottery kilns are usually recognizable in the archaeological record based on their prominent and characteristic architectural features, evidence of exposure to high temperatures and associated waste products. Here we describe how we identified a kiln that has no readily recognizable architectural features, but does have an upper chamber full of broken pottery, and a lower chamber full of ash. The typology of the pottery in the upper chamber and radiocarbon dating show that the kiln was constructed after around 600 CE and was used until the early 7th century. The confining structures around these two chambers are sediments, some of which were deliberately brought to the site. A detailed study of the section through the kiln using on-site and off-site mi-croarchaeological techniques revealed much about the firing conditions. The ash is composed almost entirely of phytoliths with a small amount of calcite. Surprisingly the diversity of phytolith morphotypes identified was low, and many of the phytoliths are unusually large multicells. The phytolith analysis shows that the fuel was mainly the stalks/chaff of domesticated grasses, most probably wheat, and probably not animal dung. Many of the phytolith morphologies are distorted and charred due to exposure to high temperatures, and show birefringence. Infrared spectra show that the phytoliths have partially recrystallized into the high temperature silicate mineral cristobalite. Slags formed close to the inner surfaces of the confining sediments presumably from melted phy-toliths, and some of the clay-rich sediment close to these surfaces is clearly heat altered. These observations show that the temperatures in the firing chamber ranged from around 700 to 900°C. The calcite in this ash is extremely disordered at the atomic level, based on the grinding curve analysis. A partial reconstruction of the kiln structure shows that the pottery chamber is above the firing chamber, and there is no constructed partition that separates the two chambers. The identification and characterization of this unusual kiln depended significantly on the use of the microarchaeological approach.
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 31, 2020
Pottery kilns are usually recognizable in the archaeological record based on their prominent and ... more Pottery kilns are usually recognizable in the archaeological record based on their prominent and characteristic architectural features, evidence of exposure to high temperatures and associated waste products. Here we describe how we identified a kiln that has no readily recognizable architectural features, but does have an upper chamber full of broken pottery, and a lower chamber full of ash. The typology of the pottery in the upper chamber and radiocarbon dating show that the kiln was constructed after around 600 CE and was used until the early 7th century. The confining structures around these two chambers are sediments, some of which were deliberately brought to the site. A detailed study of the section through the kiln using on-site and off-site mi-croarchaeological techniques revealed much about the firing conditions. The ash is composed almost entirely of phytoliths with a small amount of calcite. Surprisingly the diversity of phytolith morphotypes identified was low, and many of the phytoliths are unusually large multicells. The phytolith analysis shows that the fuel was mainly the stalks/chaff of domesticated grasses, most probably wheat, and probably not animal dung. Many of the phytolith morphologies are distorted and charred due to exposure to high temperatures, and show birefringence. Infrared spectra show that the phytoliths have partially recrystallized into the high temperature silicate mineral cristobalite. Slags formed close to the inner surfaces of the confining sediments presumably from melted phy-toliths, and some of the clay-rich sediment close to these surfaces is clearly heat altered. These observations show that the temperatures in the firing chamber ranged from around 700 to 900°C. The calcite in this ash is extremely disordered at the atomic level, based on the grinding curve analysis. A partial reconstruction of the kiln structure shows that the pottery chamber is above the firing chamber, and there is no constructed partition that separates the two chambers. The identification and characterization of this unusual kiln depended significantly on the use of the microarchaeological approach.
The large assemblage of artifacts recovered from the excavation at the Bet She'an Youth Hostel in... more The large assemblage of artifacts recovered from the excavation at the Bet She'an Youth Hostel included oil lamps, which were discovered in all excavated levels/
В 1873 году уникальный мраморный бюст был обнаружен во время рам разборки стены старого дома к се... more В 1873 году уникальный мраморный бюст был обнаружен во время рам разборки стены старого дома к северу от Дамасских ворот в Иерусалиме. Редкая находка попала в археологическую коллекцию архимандрита Антонина (Андрей Иванович Капустин). Впоследствии бюст был передан им в Государственный Эрмитаж, Санкт-Петербург, где находится и сегодня. Дискуссия об отождествлении мраморного изображения с царем Иродом и императором Адрианом на протяжения более полутора веков остается открытой. основываясь на сходстве мраморного изображения с бюстом императора Диоклетиана, находящимся в Стамбульском музее авторы статьи предлагают новую дискуссию.
A human figurine carved on a large limestone cobble was found in the excavations of Horbat Sasay,... more A human figurine carved on a large limestone cobble was found in the excavations of Horbat Sasay, conducted on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority. It schematically portrays eyes and a mouth and, like other types of human head representations found in the region, it is suggested that it belongs to the southern Levantine Neolithic period. Together with the description of the figurine, comparisons are presented to other known figurines depicting the human face from the Levant and other nearby regions, as well as an interpretation of these human faces and their expressions in relation to the drastic changes that occurred in these regions during the so-called Neolithic revolution and the social organization of the late prehistoric communities of the Levant.
In the large-scale excavations conducted in recent years east of Tel Yavne, many finds from the R... more In the large-scale excavations conducted in recent years east of Tel Yavne, many finds from the Roman period were discovered. At the same time as the remains of the settlement that existed in the place throughout the first centuries AD, the cemeteries of the city are being uncovered. Five cemeteries have been discovered, different in size and scattered in adjacent and distant areas from the ancient city. The use of the cemeteries continued for a long time and three layers of burial were identified (1st -8th centuries AD). The residents of the city buried their dead in different ways, and in different parts of the cemetery there are many similarities and differences in the types of burials. This article will focus on the differences and commonalities between all of these assemblages while raising possible explanations for the various phenomena. We will present the different types of burials discovered in the excavations conducted in 2019-2022 and the burial customs practiced in the city of Yavne during the Roman period.
Cities, Monuments and Objects in the Roman and Byzantine Levant Studies in Honour of Gabi Mazor, 2022
Russian pilgrimage literature has a long and rich tradition. The first books of Russian travelers... more Russian pilgrimage literature has a long and rich tradition. The first books of Russian travelers to the Holy Land were descriptive and full of religious enthusiasm. However, none of these books was a practical guide for the travelerliterature of this kind was not yet necessary, since traveling to Holy Land was still the destiny of a few. Difficulties were associated with obtaining official travel permits from the Russian and Ottoman authorities, as well as with the high cost and irregularity of sea communication. A real revolution occurred when, after Russia's defeat in the Crimean War, the Russian government saw an increase in the number of Russian pilgrims as an effective way to restore its shaky authority in the Middle East. One of the main ways to achieve this goal was the creation of a guidebook to Holy Land that could satisfy the requirements of a wide range of Russian pilgrims. The further development of Russian language guides before the First World War reflected all the changes that had occurred in the organization and promotion of the Russian religious pilgrimage movement and echoed the evolution in the structure and composition of fast-growing tourism from the territory of the Russian Empire.
Rescue excavations carried out near the Tel Qatra made it possible to learn about the nature of t... more Rescue excavations carried out near the Tel Qatra made it possible to learn about the nature of the economic activity of the inhabitants of the ancient settlement and showed that for a long time - from the Middle Bronze to the end of Roman period - the area located between the Tel and the Kidron stream was used for agriculture, for burial, for quarries. The industrial area at the foot of the mound reached its peak in the Byzantine period: houses, bathes and a complex system of plastered pools connected by canals and clay pipes were built on this site one after another. A large area at the foot of the Tel is used for pottery production, founded at the end of the third century and operating until the seventh or early eighth century AD. Evidence of the existence of workshops for the manufacture of glass and metal vessels was also found. During the Abbasid and Mamluk periods, several residential buildings were erected in the area, the inhabitants of which apparently engaged in agriculture. On the floors of most of the rooms, tabuns of various sizes and many grinding stones were preserved. New facilities were built, including many round silos (18 in number), some of which were located inside the residential buildings and some outside them.
Abstract Pottery kilns are usually recognizable in the archaeological record based on their promi... more Abstract Pottery kilns are usually recognizable in the archaeological record based on their prominent and characteristic architectural features, evidence of exposure to high temperatures and associated waste products. Here we describe how we identified a kiln that has no readily recognizable architectural features, but does have an upper chamber full of broken pottery, and a lower chamber full of ash. The typology of the pottery in the upper chamber and radiocarbon dating show that the kiln was constructed after around 600 CE and was used until the early 7th century. The confining structures around these two chambers are sediments, some of which were deliberately brought to the site. A detailed study of the section through the kiln using on-site and off-site microarchaeological techniques revealed much about the firing conditions. The ash is composed almost entirely of phytoliths with a small amount of calcite. Surprisingly the diversity of phytolith morphotypes identified was low, and many of the phytoliths are unusually large multicells. The phytolith analysis shows that the fuel was mainly the stalks/chaff of domesticated grasses, most probably wheat, and probably not animal dung. Many of the phytolith morphologies are distorted and charred due to exposure to high temperatures, and show birefringence. Infrared spectra show that the phytoliths have partially recrystallized into the high temperature silicate mineral cristobalite. Slags formed close to the inner surfaces of the confining sediments presumably from melted phytoliths, and some of the clay-rich sediment close to these surfaces is clearly heat altered. These observations show that the temperatures in the firing chamber ranged from around 700 to 900 °C. The calcite in this ash is extremely disordered at the atomic level, based on the grinding curve analysis. A partial reconstruction of the kiln structure shows that the pottery chamber is above the firing chamber, and there is no constructed partition that separates the two chambers. The identification and characterization of this unusual kiln depended significantly on the use of the microarchaeological approach.
Strata: Bulletine of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society (35), 2017
Megalithic burial structures are widespread in various regions of the ancient Near East. However,... more Megalithic burial structures are widespread in various regions of the ancient Near East. However, they were virtually absent from the archaeological record of the hilly areas and coastal plain of today's Israel, and it has been generally accepted that this type of burial architecture is not present in these parts of the country. Yet, the results of salvage excavations carried out on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority during recent years significantly alter this assumption. The remains of the megalithic structures presented in this paper attest to the existence of this phenomenon in the Shephelah, and the material found within them enables us to date their construction in this part of the ancient Near East as early as the Early Bronze Age I.
The pseudo-amorphous clay components of some of the pottery sherds that formed a surface in the f... more The pseudo-amorphous clay components of some of the pottery sherds that formed a surface in the firing chamber of a Late Byzantine kiln were shown by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to have undergone almost complete recrystallization. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that the crystalline montmorillonite component of these sherds increased and kaolinite formed de novo. As this recrystallization process only occurred in the center of the firing chamber, we infer that the recrystallization process was due to repeated exposure of the sherds to high temperatures. The zeolite gonnardite was identified by X-ray diffraction. The chemical compositions of sodium-rich minerals, determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), are consistent with the presence of gonnardite and analcime, and showed that the sodium was partially substituted by calcium and other cations. As these zeolites were also present in sherds from the upper pottery chamber, they did not form only as a result...
Journal of Hellenistic Pottery & Material Culture (HJP) 4: 44-58, 2019
The northern rooms of a large structure located on a low hill rising to the height of one hundred... more The northern rooms of a large structure located on a low hill rising to the height of one hundred meters above the sea level to the northeast of the entrance to the town of El'ad were seriously damaged during construction of the new patrol road around the northern residential quarter of the town in 2001 1. The structure (41 x 28 m) was surveyed and identified as a fortress during the survey project ›Map of Rosh ha-Ain‹ 2 (fig. 1). It seems that the researchers came to this conclusion after finding massive northwest and northeast corners of a structure built of large fieldstones (up to 1.4 m long), which survived to the height of more than one meter. A rectangular concrete maintenance box (9.0 x 11.0 m) erected in the southeast corner and dense thickets of cacti did not allow us to examine the southern part of the ancient structure and the excavations took place only in its northern part (figs. 2-3). The long outer wall 73, which bordered the structure from the north, and about ten rooms arranged in several rows along the north-south axis were partially or completely excavated. Outer and inner walls of the structure, approximately of the same width (0.85-0.90 m) were built of one row of large roughly hewn stones (1.0 x 0.80 x 0.60 m), which were arranged mainly across the walls. Rows of massive stones alternate with thin fills of small flat stones (fig. 4). Sections of walls W58 and W74 were found covered with thick layer of white plaster. Mostly, the structure walls were erected on bedrock that was leveled, covered with a thick layer of white or gray plaster and served as a floor in some rooms (Loci 36. 42) (fig. 5). In other rooms the floors were made of tightly packed earth (Loci 15, 34), just leveled bedrock (L35) or paved with stones (L53) (fig. 6).
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 31, 2020
Pottery kilns are usually recognizable in the archaeological record based on their prominent and ... more Pottery kilns are usually recognizable in the archaeological record based on their prominent and characteristic architectural features, evidence of exposure to high temperatures and associated waste products. Here we describe how we identified a kiln that has no readily recognizable architectural features, but does have an upper chamber full of broken pottery, and a lower chamber full of ash. The typology of the pottery in the upper chamber and radiocarbon dating show that the kiln was constructed after around 600 CE and was used until the early 7th century. The confining structures around these two chambers are sediments, some of which were deliberately brought to the site. A detailed study of the section through the kiln using on-site and off-site mi-croarchaeological techniques revealed much about the firing conditions. The ash is composed almost entirely of phytoliths with a small amount of calcite. Surprisingly the diversity of phytolith morphotypes identified was low, and many of the phytoliths are unusually large multicells. The phytolith analysis shows that the fuel was mainly the stalks/chaff of domesticated grasses, most probably wheat, and probably not animal dung. Many of the phytolith morphologies are distorted and charred due to exposure to high temperatures, and show birefringence. Infrared spectra show that the phytoliths have partially recrystallized into the high temperature silicate mineral cristobalite. Slags formed close to the inner surfaces of the confining sediments presumably from melted phy-toliths, and some of the clay-rich sediment close to these surfaces is clearly heat altered. These observations show that the temperatures in the firing chamber ranged from around 700 to 900°C. The calcite in this ash is extremely disordered at the atomic level, based on the grinding curve analysis. A partial reconstruction of the kiln structure shows that the pottery chamber is above the firing chamber, and there is no constructed partition that separates the two chambers. The identification and characterization of this unusual kiln depended significantly on the use of the microarchaeological approach.
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 31, 2020
Pottery kilns are usually recognizable in the archaeological record based on their prominent and ... more Pottery kilns are usually recognizable in the archaeological record based on their prominent and characteristic architectural features, evidence of exposure to high temperatures and associated waste products. Here we describe how we identified a kiln that has no readily recognizable architectural features, but does have an upper chamber full of broken pottery, and a lower chamber full of ash. The typology of the pottery in the upper chamber and radiocarbon dating show that the kiln was constructed after around 600 CE and was used until the early 7th century. The confining structures around these two chambers are sediments, some of which were deliberately brought to the site. A detailed study of the section through the kiln using on-site and off-site mi-croarchaeological techniques revealed much about the firing conditions. The ash is composed almost entirely of phytoliths with a small amount of calcite. Surprisingly the diversity of phytolith morphotypes identified was low, and many of the phytoliths are unusually large multicells. The phytolith analysis shows that the fuel was mainly the stalks/chaff of domesticated grasses, most probably wheat, and probably not animal dung. Many of the phytolith morphologies are distorted and charred due to exposure to high temperatures, and show birefringence. Infrared spectra show that the phytoliths have partially recrystallized into the high temperature silicate mineral cristobalite. Slags formed close to the inner surfaces of the confining sediments presumably from melted phy-toliths, and some of the clay-rich sediment close to these surfaces is clearly heat altered. These observations show that the temperatures in the firing chamber ranged from around 700 to 900°C. The calcite in this ash is extremely disordered at the atomic level, based on the grinding curve analysis. A partial reconstruction of the kiln structure shows that the pottery chamber is above the firing chamber, and there is no constructed partition that separates the two chambers. The identification and characterization of this unusual kiln depended significantly on the use of the microarchaeological approach.
The large assemblage of artifacts recovered from the excavation at the Bet She'an Youth Hostel in... more The large assemblage of artifacts recovered from the excavation at the Bet She'an Youth Hostel included oil lamps, which were discovered in all excavated levels/
В 1873 году уникальный мраморный бюст был обнаружен во время рам разборки стены старого дома к се... more В 1873 году уникальный мраморный бюст был обнаружен во время рам разборки стены старого дома к северу от Дамасских ворот в Иерусалиме. Редкая находка попала в археологическую коллекцию архимандрита Антонина (Андрей Иванович Капустин). Впоследствии бюст был передан им в Государственный Эрмитаж, Санкт-Петербург, где находится и сегодня. Дискуссия об отождествлении мраморного изображения с царем Иродом и императором Адрианом на протяжения более полутора веков остается открытой. основываясь на сходстве мраморного изображения с бюстом императора Диоклетиана, находящимся в Стамбульском музее авторы статьи предлагают новую дискуссию.
Uploads
Papers by Alla Nagorsky
The residents of the city buried their dead in different ways, and in different parts of the cemetery there are many similarities and differences in the types of burials.
This article will focus on the differences and commonalities between all of these assemblages while raising possible explanations for the various phenomena. We will present the different types of burials discovered in the excavations conducted in 2019-2022 and the burial customs practiced in the city of Yavne during the Roman period.
The residents of the city buried their dead in different ways, and in different parts of the cemetery there are many similarities and differences in the types of burials.
This article will focus on the differences and commonalities between all of these assemblages while raising possible explanations for the various phenomena. We will present the different types of burials discovered in the excavations conducted in 2019-2022 and the burial customs practiced in the city of Yavne during the Roman period.