Tom 46 z. 2 -Poznań 1980 ALICJA BUDNIK I BARBARA STEFANIAK DERMATOGLIFY RĄK U MĘŻCZYZN CHORYCH NA... more Tom 46 z. 2 -Poznań 1980 ALICJA BUDNIK I BARBARA STEFANIAK DERMATOGLIFY RĄK U MĘŻCZYZN CHORYCH NA SCHIZOFRENIĘ WSTĘP Listewki skórne stanowią specyficzny układ morfologiczny odznaczający się dużą zmiennością międzyosobniczą. Specyfika tego układu Wynika z wczesnej stabilizacji listewek w życiu płodowym, niezależności od wpływów środowiska postembrionalnego oraz niepowtarzalności .in-; dywidualnych szczegółów budowy wzorów dermatoglificznych. x Mechanizm genetycznej determinacji cech linii brodawkowych » nie jest jeszcze w pełni poznany. Powszechnie postuluje się jednak polimeryczny i poligeniczny charakter dermatoglifów [Bocheńska 1964] oraz istnienie nadrzędnego czynnika genetycznego, który determinuje stopień ich komplikacji w całym systemie, niezależnie od modyfikatorów odpowiedzialnych za strukturę poszczególnych wzorów [Orc zykowska-Świątkowska 1971, Rogucka 1969 Rogucka i in. 1971]. Wielokrotnie obserwowane zmiany w dermatoglifach ludzi orice psychicznie wskazują na pewne związki genetyczne pomiędzy tymi dwor ma, wydawałoby się niezależnymi, cechami fenotypowymi. Jedną z najczęściej występujących w populacji ludzkiej chorób' psychicznych jest schizofrenia. Zaznaczyć trzeba, iż istnieją spore trudności: w ustaleniu genetycznego podłoża tej choroby. Sprawę komplikuje jeszcze fakt że schizofrenia, która jest chorobą wykazującą duży polimorfizm cech klinicznych, dzieli się na kilka postaci: prostą, paranoidalną, hebefreniczną, katatoniczną. Spór o to, czy odmiany te wywodzą się ze wspólnego podłoża genetycznego [Bilikiewicz 1969], czy też stanowią odrębne jednostki nozologiczne nie został, jak dotąd; rozstrzygnięty. Problemu schizofrenii nie rozwiązały również wykonywane od pewnego czasu badania dermatoglificzne chorych [Staruszkie wicz-~Lupi 1970]. ' Złożoność zagadnień związanych z tym schorzeniem oraz dużą liczba
CIAŁOPALNE CMENTARZYSKO KULTURY PRZEWORSKIEJ W BIEŻYNIU (STANOWISKO 1) W ŚWIETLE BADAŃ ANTROPOLOG... more CIAŁOPALNE CMENTARZYSKO KULTURY PRZEWORSKIEJ W BIEŻYNIU (STANOWISKO 1) W ŚWIETLE BADAŃ ANTROPOLOGICZNYCH W roku 1978 w Bieżyniu koło Krzywinia w województwie leszczyńskim podjęto trwające kilka sezonów prace wykopaliskowe finansowane przez Wojewódzkiego Konserwatora Zabytków w Lesznie. Ekspedycja kierowana przez dra Tadeusza Makiewicza (Katedra Archeologii UAM w Poznaniu) odkopała cmentarzysko kultury łużyckiej oraz sanktuarium cmentarne i cmentarzysko kultury przeworskiej. Na podstawie znalezionych zabytków archeologicznych chronołogię ostatniego z wymienionych obiektów określono na stadium B, i B, okresu rzymskiego [/nformator Archeologiczny 1979, 1980]. Obiekt ten posłużył za przedmiot niniejszego opracowania. Przeprowadzono analizę antropologiczną i demograficzną przepalonych szczątków 67 osób, z czego 26 należało do osobników w wieku przedreprodukcyjnym, 28 do dorosłych, dla 13 zaś nie udało się oszacować wieku w chwili śmierci. Spośród wszystkich osobników wyodrębniono 6 kobiet i 8 mężczyzn. Stan zachowania kości pozostałych osób nie upoważniał do wypowiadania się o ich płci, toteż w dalszych rozważaniach materiał potraktowano łącznie. Ustaleń płci i wieku dokonano na podstawie wskazówek podanych w piśmiennictwie [Strzałko i in. 1973]. W postępowaniu mającym na celu rekonstrukcję zjawisk demograficznych, obok podstawowych podręczników (np. Holzer [1980], Pressat [1966]), pomocne okazały się prace: Henneberga [1975, 1977], Hennebergaiin. [1975], HennebergaiPiont-Ka [1975] oraz Henneberga i Strzałko [1975]. Postępując według podanych 'w tych pracach zasad, osobników o nieprecyzyjnych określeniach wieku rozszacowano zgodnie ze stwierdzonym na cmentarzysku porządkiem wymierania Na podstawie uzyskanych w ten sposób danych co do liczby osób zmarłych w poszczególuycli klasach wieku skonstruowano tablicę wymieralności (tab. 1). Przyjęto założenie o zastojowym stanie badanej populacji, co oznacza, że obliczenia wykonane zostały dla sytuacji, w której płodność i wymieralność réwnowaza się, a zatem przyrost naturalny jest zerowy. Zwraca uwagę wysoka częstość wymierania dzieci (około 45%) oraz osób dorosłych w wieku 20 -29 lat (około 20%). Wartości dalszego "przeciętnego trwania życia noworodka €$ i osób po 20 roku życia ey są w związku 2 tym niewysokie 1 wynoszą odpowiednio 19,77 oraz 14,41 lat. Duży procent zmarłych w wieku reprodukcyjnym (20 -29 lat) wpłynął na obniżenie potencjalnej zdolności rozrodczej populacji Rp. Dla badanej grupy wskaźnik
HEAD SHAPE AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMALE PELVIS. MORE ABOUT BRA-CHYCEPHALIZATION. Looking for... more HEAD SHAPE AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMALE PELVIS. MORE ABOUT BRA-CHYCEPHALIZATION. Looking for the mechanism of brachycephalization attention was focused on the connection between the size of female pelvis and the shape of her head. The size and shape of the small pelvis could have a connection with fertility. This problem was studied on bone material analysing traces of pregnancies and deliveries.
The secondary sex ratio (SRB) is a widely used descriptor that re ects the living conditions and ... more The secondary sex ratio (SRB) is a widely used descriptor that re ects the living conditions and health status during pregnancy. The aim of study was to assess the impact of maternal factors, season of birth, and air pollution with the heating season on the sex ratio at birth in the Subcarpathian population from the Krosno district. A retrospective study involving 11,587 births was occurred at the John Paul II Podkarpackie Province Hospital in Krosno between 2016 and 2020. Sex of the newborn, the season of their birth, as well as the maternal age, birth order, the interval between births, and the season of birth were analysed. Furthermore, the relationship between the SRB and the level of air pollution during the heating season was investigated. To determine the signi cance of differences in sex ratios, chi-square analysis and multifactorial regression were used, with a signi cance level set at p < 0.05. At the chisquare level, all the studied factors indicated a statistically signi cant relationship with the SRB. However, the regression model used shows that maternal age and birth order were the most important factors in shaping the SRB in the study group.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), May 9, 2017
Farming was first introduced to Europe in the mid-7 th millennium BCE-associated with migrants fr... more Farming was first introduced to Europe in the mid-7 th millennium BCE-associated with migrants from Anatolia who settled in the Southeast before spreading throughout Europe. To understand the dynamics of this process, we analyzed genome-wide ancient DNA data from individuals who lived in southeastern Europe and surrounding regions between 12,000 and 500 BCE. We document a West-East cline of ancestry in indigenous hunter-gatherers and-in far-eastern Europe-early stages in the formation of Bronze Age Steppe ancestry. We show that the first farmers of northern and western Europe passed through southeastern Europe with limited hunter-gatherer admixture, but that some groups that remained mixed extensively, without the male-biased huntergatherer admixture that prevailed later in the North and West. Southeastern Europe continued to be a nexus between East and West, with intermittent genetic contact with the Steppe up to 2000 years before the migrations that replaced much of northern Europe's population.
International Journal of Paleopathology, Sep 1, 2023
Background: Supra/interspinous ligaments connect adjacent spinous processes and act as a stabiliz... more Background: Supra/interspinous ligaments connect adjacent spinous processes and act as a stabilizer of the spine. As with other spinal ligaments, it can become ossified. However, few report have discussed ossification supra/ interspinous ligaments (OSIL), so its epidemiology remains unknown. We therefore aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of OSIL in symptomatic patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Methods: The participants of our study were symptomatic patients with cervical OPLL who were diagnosed by standard radiographs of the cervical spine. The whole spine CT data as well as clinical parameters such as age and sex were obtained from 20 institutions belong to the Japanese Multicenter Research Organization for Ossification of the Spinal Ligament (JOSL). The prevalence and distribution of OSIL and the association between OSIL and clinical parameters were reviewed. The sum of the levels involved by OPLL (OP-index) and OSIL (OSI-index) as well as the prevalence of ossification of the nuchal ligament (ONL) were also investigated.
Introduction. Political and economic changes that occurred on the territory of Poland during the ... more Introduction. Political and economic changes that occurred on the territory of Poland during the second half of the 19th century contributed to change in social structures of rural and urban populations. Urban populations underwent a profound change due to industrialisation that caused appearance of new social classes, especially the class of wealthy commoners - the middle class. Influence of social stratification on human morphological characters and on growth at adolescence is well documented for recent populations, however, it is much less studied in the past population due to scarcity of appropriate data. Objective. To characterise: 1. body height and body mass of adults and 2. the adolescent growth spurt in various strata/class of Polish people during the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. Material and Methods. Data on body height and body mass of adults (20+ years) and youths (7-20) of privileged and poor social strata living in the Kingdom of Poland and in its capital, Warsaw were derived from published historical sources. Means, and where possible standard deviations, of body height, weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) were calculated for various groups. Prevalence of obesity (BMI > = 30kg/m²) and overweight (BMI > = 25kg/m²) was assessed separately for nobility, middle class, working class and peasantry. LOESS curves were fitted to annual cross-sectional increments in body height and body weight of youths of different social classes in order to evaluate the presence and magnitude of growth spurts. Results. The largest average values of body height and body mass of males and females were found for nobility, somewhat lower were values for the middle class. In both groups average BMI exceeded 25 kg/m². Peasant males and females were shorter and lighter than those of upper class. Males and females of the urban working class were even shorter and lighter than peasants. BMI averages of peasants and working class were below 25 kg/m². About 30-40% of nobility and rich middle class people were overweight and 12-21% obese. Among lower class 5-20% were overweight. Obesity occurred in 4-9% of peasants, but no working class males were obese at all. Children of privileged classes were taller and heavier than children of the working class. Boys of noble and middle class families experienced adolescent growth spurts at 14-15 years with peak height velocity of 7cm/year and weight velocity of 5 kg/year. Among privileged girls adolescent growth spurts at 11-12 years with peak velocities of 6cm/year and weight velocity of 5 kg/year. Among poor working class boys and girls there were no adolescent growth spurt, Conclusions. Upward social mobility providing better living conditions and nutrition resulted in increases in body height and body mass of children and adults contributing to the occurrence of overweight and obesity. Adolescent growth spurt was not a universal phenomenon. It did not occur among children of poor social strata. Improved living conditions of privileged classes produced accelerated growth in adolescence.Alicja Budnik and Maciej Henneber
Students are a specific social group characterized by different lifestyle behaviours. The aim of ... more Students are a specific social group characterized by different lifestyle behaviours. The aim of the study was to determine whether there are lifestyle differences between students of medical and biological fields from three different universities in Poland. The research material consisted of answers from 1163 students (781 women and 382 men), aged 17.5– 26.0 from the medical faculty of the Wroclaw Medical University, biological faculties of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw and the University of Lodz. The survey included questions regarding gender, socio-demographic situation, lifestyle and eating habits. Students also provided height and weight data, which was used for BMI calculation. Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA were used to indicate differences in BMI between students and to estimate differences in lifestyle between students from three different university centres. Medical students exhibited significantly lower BMI values compared to students from other ac...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Background: The research aimed to determine how socioeconomic factors influence the body structur... more Background: The research aimed to determine how socioeconomic factors influence the body structure and health behaviors of children in a suburban commune. Methods: Data from 376 children aged 6.78 to 11.82 years from Jabłonna, Poland, were analyzed. A questionnaire was used to gather information regarding the socioeconomic status and dietary habits of these children, and physical measurements such as height, weight, pelvic width, shoulder width, chest, waist, hip, and arm circumferences, and three skinfolds were taken. Hip index, pelvi-acromial index, Marty’s index, BMI (body mass index), WHR (waist–hip ratio), and the sum of three skinfolds were calculated. One-way analysis of variance, Student’s t-test, and X2 test with p < 0.05 were used. Results: The size of the family and the level of education and occupation of the fathers had a significant impact on the body proportions of the children. Children from larger centers with more educated parents were seen to have healthier eat...
POLISH KASHUBIANS AND CHOSEN EUROPEAN POPULATIONS - GENETIC SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES. On the ... more POLISH KASHUBIANS AND CHOSEN EUROPEAN POPULATIONS - GENETIC SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES. On the basis of allele frequencies of two blood group systems: ABO and Rh (locus D), the mutual genetic similarities and differences between the Kashubians from Hel Peninsula and Pomerania and the rest of population from Poland and inhabitants of the Baltic countries have been evaluated. Genetic analysis was accompanied by demographic measures delining the degree of isolation of the two Kashubian groups and other Poles living contemporarily, and in the 2nd half of the 19'1' century
Yersinia pestis caused plagues and haunted Gdańsk several times during the 15th and 16th centurie... more Yersinia pestis caused plagues and haunted Gdańsk several times during the 15th and 16th centuries. This study focuses on the following demographic effects: 1/ distributions of deceased by age in a plagued city, 2/ parameters of the life tables, 3/ estimation of the natural increase. To assess genetic effects of the plague, measures of the opportunity for natural selection were considered. Skeletal remains of 283 people from the 15th – 16th century ossuary 3009 from the Dominican Monastery in Gdańsk provided research material. Yersinia pestis DNA in this skeletal material has already been found (Morozowa et al. 2017, 2020). Distributions of the deceased by age in the study sample were compared with those for Gdańsk before the plague and with those for the mass burial of plague victims in the 14th century Lübeck. Neither catastrophic mortality was found in the material studied, nor selective nature of the plague with regard to sex and age had been demonstrated. Using the Weiss method...
Tom 46 z. 2 -Poznań 1980 ALICJA BUDNIK I BARBARA STEFANIAK DERMATOGLIFY RĄK U MĘŻCZYZN CHORYCH NA... more Tom 46 z. 2 -Poznań 1980 ALICJA BUDNIK I BARBARA STEFANIAK DERMATOGLIFY RĄK U MĘŻCZYZN CHORYCH NA SCHIZOFRENIĘ WSTĘP Listewki skórne stanowią specyficzny układ morfologiczny odznaczający się dużą zmiennością międzyosobniczą. Specyfika tego układu Wynika z wczesnej stabilizacji listewek w życiu płodowym, niezależności od wpływów środowiska postembrionalnego oraz niepowtarzalności .in-; dywidualnych szczegółów budowy wzorów dermatoglificznych. x Mechanizm genetycznej determinacji cech linii brodawkowych » nie jest jeszcze w pełni poznany. Powszechnie postuluje się jednak polimeryczny i poligeniczny charakter dermatoglifów [Bocheńska 1964] oraz istnienie nadrzędnego czynnika genetycznego, który determinuje stopień ich komplikacji w całym systemie, niezależnie od modyfikatorów odpowiedzialnych za strukturę poszczególnych wzorów [Orc zykowska-Świątkowska 1971, Rogucka 1969 Rogucka i in. 1971]. Wielokrotnie obserwowane zmiany w dermatoglifach ludzi orice psychicznie wskazują na pewne związki genetyczne pomiędzy tymi dwor ma, wydawałoby się niezależnymi, cechami fenotypowymi. Jedną z najczęściej występujących w populacji ludzkiej chorób' psychicznych jest schizofrenia. Zaznaczyć trzeba, iż istnieją spore trudności: w ustaleniu genetycznego podłoża tej choroby. Sprawę komplikuje jeszcze fakt że schizofrenia, która jest chorobą wykazującą duży polimorfizm cech klinicznych, dzieli się na kilka postaci: prostą, paranoidalną, hebefreniczną, katatoniczną. Spór o to, czy odmiany te wywodzą się ze wspólnego podłoża genetycznego [Bilikiewicz 1969], czy też stanowią odrębne jednostki nozologiczne nie został, jak dotąd; rozstrzygnięty. Problemu schizofrenii nie rozwiązały również wykonywane od pewnego czasu badania dermatoglificzne chorych [Staruszkie wicz-~Lupi 1970]. ' Złożoność zagadnień związanych z tym schorzeniem oraz dużą liczba
CIAŁOPALNE CMENTARZYSKO KULTURY PRZEWORSKIEJ W BIEŻYNIU (STANOWISKO 1) W ŚWIETLE BADAŃ ANTROPOLOG... more CIAŁOPALNE CMENTARZYSKO KULTURY PRZEWORSKIEJ W BIEŻYNIU (STANOWISKO 1) W ŚWIETLE BADAŃ ANTROPOLOGICZNYCH W roku 1978 w Bieżyniu koło Krzywinia w województwie leszczyńskim podjęto trwające kilka sezonów prace wykopaliskowe finansowane przez Wojewódzkiego Konserwatora Zabytków w Lesznie. Ekspedycja kierowana przez dra Tadeusza Makiewicza (Katedra Archeologii UAM w Poznaniu) odkopała cmentarzysko kultury łużyckiej oraz sanktuarium cmentarne i cmentarzysko kultury przeworskiej. Na podstawie znalezionych zabytków archeologicznych chronołogię ostatniego z wymienionych obiektów określono na stadium B, i B, okresu rzymskiego [/nformator Archeologiczny 1979, 1980]. Obiekt ten posłużył za przedmiot niniejszego opracowania. Przeprowadzono analizę antropologiczną i demograficzną przepalonych szczątków 67 osób, z czego 26 należało do osobników w wieku przedreprodukcyjnym, 28 do dorosłych, dla 13 zaś nie udało się oszacować wieku w chwili śmierci. Spośród wszystkich osobników wyodrębniono 6 kobiet i 8 mężczyzn. Stan zachowania kości pozostałych osób nie upoważniał do wypowiadania się o ich płci, toteż w dalszych rozważaniach materiał potraktowano łącznie. Ustaleń płci i wieku dokonano na podstawie wskazówek podanych w piśmiennictwie [Strzałko i in. 1973]. W postępowaniu mającym na celu rekonstrukcję zjawisk demograficznych, obok podstawowych podręczników (np. Holzer [1980], Pressat [1966]), pomocne okazały się prace: Henneberga [1975, 1977], Hennebergaiin. [1975], HennebergaiPiont-Ka [1975] oraz Henneberga i Strzałko [1975]. Postępując według podanych 'w tych pracach zasad, osobników o nieprecyzyjnych określeniach wieku rozszacowano zgodnie ze stwierdzonym na cmentarzysku porządkiem wymierania Na podstawie uzyskanych w ten sposób danych co do liczby osób zmarłych w poszczególuycli klasach wieku skonstruowano tablicę wymieralności (tab. 1). Przyjęto założenie o zastojowym stanie badanej populacji, co oznacza, że obliczenia wykonane zostały dla sytuacji, w której płodność i wymieralność réwnowaza się, a zatem przyrost naturalny jest zerowy. Zwraca uwagę wysoka częstość wymierania dzieci (około 45%) oraz osób dorosłych w wieku 20 -29 lat (około 20%). Wartości dalszego "przeciętnego trwania życia noworodka €$ i osób po 20 roku życia ey są w związku 2 tym niewysokie 1 wynoszą odpowiednio 19,77 oraz 14,41 lat. Duży procent zmarłych w wieku reprodukcyjnym (20 -29 lat) wpłynął na obniżenie potencjalnej zdolności rozrodczej populacji Rp. Dla badanej grupy wskaźnik
HEAD SHAPE AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMALE PELVIS. MORE ABOUT BRA-CHYCEPHALIZATION. Looking for... more HEAD SHAPE AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMALE PELVIS. MORE ABOUT BRA-CHYCEPHALIZATION. Looking for the mechanism of brachycephalization attention was focused on the connection between the size of female pelvis and the shape of her head. The size and shape of the small pelvis could have a connection with fertility. This problem was studied on bone material analysing traces of pregnancies and deliveries.
The secondary sex ratio (SRB) is a widely used descriptor that re ects the living conditions and ... more The secondary sex ratio (SRB) is a widely used descriptor that re ects the living conditions and health status during pregnancy. The aim of study was to assess the impact of maternal factors, season of birth, and air pollution with the heating season on the sex ratio at birth in the Subcarpathian population from the Krosno district. A retrospective study involving 11,587 births was occurred at the John Paul II Podkarpackie Province Hospital in Krosno between 2016 and 2020. Sex of the newborn, the season of their birth, as well as the maternal age, birth order, the interval between births, and the season of birth were analysed. Furthermore, the relationship between the SRB and the level of air pollution during the heating season was investigated. To determine the signi cance of differences in sex ratios, chi-square analysis and multifactorial regression were used, with a signi cance level set at p < 0.05. At the chisquare level, all the studied factors indicated a statistically signi cant relationship with the SRB. However, the regression model used shows that maternal age and birth order were the most important factors in shaping the SRB in the study group.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), May 9, 2017
Farming was first introduced to Europe in the mid-7 th millennium BCE-associated with migrants fr... more Farming was first introduced to Europe in the mid-7 th millennium BCE-associated with migrants from Anatolia who settled in the Southeast before spreading throughout Europe. To understand the dynamics of this process, we analyzed genome-wide ancient DNA data from individuals who lived in southeastern Europe and surrounding regions between 12,000 and 500 BCE. We document a West-East cline of ancestry in indigenous hunter-gatherers and-in far-eastern Europe-early stages in the formation of Bronze Age Steppe ancestry. We show that the first farmers of northern and western Europe passed through southeastern Europe with limited hunter-gatherer admixture, but that some groups that remained mixed extensively, without the male-biased huntergatherer admixture that prevailed later in the North and West. Southeastern Europe continued to be a nexus between East and West, with intermittent genetic contact with the Steppe up to 2000 years before the migrations that replaced much of northern Europe's population.
International Journal of Paleopathology, Sep 1, 2023
Background: Supra/interspinous ligaments connect adjacent spinous processes and act as a stabiliz... more Background: Supra/interspinous ligaments connect adjacent spinous processes and act as a stabilizer of the spine. As with other spinal ligaments, it can become ossified. However, few report have discussed ossification supra/ interspinous ligaments (OSIL), so its epidemiology remains unknown. We therefore aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of OSIL in symptomatic patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Methods: The participants of our study were symptomatic patients with cervical OPLL who were diagnosed by standard radiographs of the cervical spine. The whole spine CT data as well as clinical parameters such as age and sex were obtained from 20 institutions belong to the Japanese Multicenter Research Organization for Ossification of the Spinal Ligament (JOSL). The prevalence and distribution of OSIL and the association between OSIL and clinical parameters were reviewed. The sum of the levels involved by OPLL (OP-index) and OSIL (OSI-index) as well as the prevalence of ossification of the nuchal ligament (ONL) were also investigated.
Introduction. Political and economic changes that occurred on the territory of Poland during the ... more Introduction. Political and economic changes that occurred on the territory of Poland during the second half of the 19th century contributed to change in social structures of rural and urban populations. Urban populations underwent a profound change due to industrialisation that caused appearance of new social classes, especially the class of wealthy commoners - the middle class. Influence of social stratification on human morphological characters and on growth at adolescence is well documented for recent populations, however, it is much less studied in the past population due to scarcity of appropriate data. Objective. To characterise: 1. body height and body mass of adults and 2. the adolescent growth spurt in various strata/class of Polish people during the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. Material and Methods. Data on body height and body mass of adults (20+ years) and youths (7-20) of privileged and poor social strata living in the Kingdom of Poland and in its capital, Warsaw were derived from published historical sources. Means, and where possible standard deviations, of body height, weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) were calculated for various groups. Prevalence of obesity (BMI > = 30kg/m²) and overweight (BMI > = 25kg/m²) was assessed separately for nobility, middle class, working class and peasantry. LOESS curves were fitted to annual cross-sectional increments in body height and body weight of youths of different social classes in order to evaluate the presence and magnitude of growth spurts. Results. The largest average values of body height and body mass of males and females were found for nobility, somewhat lower were values for the middle class. In both groups average BMI exceeded 25 kg/m². Peasant males and females were shorter and lighter than those of upper class. Males and females of the urban working class were even shorter and lighter than peasants. BMI averages of peasants and working class were below 25 kg/m². About 30-40% of nobility and rich middle class people were overweight and 12-21% obese. Among lower class 5-20% were overweight. Obesity occurred in 4-9% of peasants, but no working class males were obese at all. Children of privileged classes were taller and heavier than children of the working class. Boys of noble and middle class families experienced adolescent growth spurts at 14-15 years with peak height velocity of 7cm/year and weight velocity of 5 kg/year. Among privileged girls adolescent growth spurts at 11-12 years with peak velocities of 6cm/year and weight velocity of 5 kg/year. Among poor working class boys and girls there were no adolescent growth spurt, Conclusions. Upward social mobility providing better living conditions and nutrition resulted in increases in body height and body mass of children and adults contributing to the occurrence of overweight and obesity. Adolescent growth spurt was not a universal phenomenon. It did not occur among children of poor social strata. Improved living conditions of privileged classes produced accelerated growth in adolescence.Alicja Budnik and Maciej Henneber
Students are a specific social group characterized by different lifestyle behaviours. The aim of ... more Students are a specific social group characterized by different lifestyle behaviours. The aim of the study was to determine whether there are lifestyle differences between students of medical and biological fields from three different universities in Poland. The research material consisted of answers from 1163 students (781 women and 382 men), aged 17.5– 26.0 from the medical faculty of the Wroclaw Medical University, biological faculties of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw and the University of Lodz. The survey included questions regarding gender, socio-demographic situation, lifestyle and eating habits. Students also provided height and weight data, which was used for BMI calculation. Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA were used to indicate differences in BMI between students and to estimate differences in lifestyle between students from three different university centres. Medical students exhibited significantly lower BMI values compared to students from other ac...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Background: The research aimed to determine how socioeconomic factors influence the body structur... more Background: The research aimed to determine how socioeconomic factors influence the body structure and health behaviors of children in a suburban commune. Methods: Data from 376 children aged 6.78 to 11.82 years from Jabłonna, Poland, were analyzed. A questionnaire was used to gather information regarding the socioeconomic status and dietary habits of these children, and physical measurements such as height, weight, pelvic width, shoulder width, chest, waist, hip, and arm circumferences, and three skinfolds were taken. Hip index, pelvi-acromial index, Marty’s index, BMI (body mass index), WHR (waist–hip ratio), and the sum of three skinfolds were calculated. One-way analysis of variance, Student’s t-test, and X2 test with p < 0.05 were used. Results: The size of the family and the level of education and occupation of the fathers had a significant impact on the body proportions of the children. Children from larger centers with more educated parents were seen to have healthier eat...
POLISH KASHUBIANS AND CHOSEN EUROPEAN POPULATIONS - GENETIC SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES. On the ... more POLISH KASHUBIANS AND CHOSEN EUROPEAN POPULATIONS - GENETIC SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES. On the basis of allele frequencies of two blood group systems: ABO and Rh (locus D), the mutual genetic similarities and differences between the Kashubians from Hel Peninsula and Pomerania and the rest of population from Poland and inhabitants of the Baltic countries have been evaluated. Genetic analysis was accompanied by demographic measures delining the degree of isolation of the two Kashubian groups and other Poles living contemporarily, and in the 2nd half of the 19'1' century
Yersinia pestis caused plagues and haunted Gdańsk several times during the 15th and 16th centurie... more Yersinia pestis caused plagues and haunted Gdańsk several times during the 15th and 16th centuries. This study focuses on the following demographic effects: 1/ distributions of deceased by age in a plagued city, 2/ parameters of the life tables, 3/ estimation of the natural increase. To assess genetic effects of the plague, measures of the opportunity for natural selection were considered. Skeletal remains of 283 people from the 15th – 16th century ossuary 3009 from the Dominican Monastery in Gdańsk provided research material. Yersinia pestis DNA in this skeletal material has already been found (Morozowa et al. 2017, 2020). Distributions of the deceased by age in the study sample were compared with those for Gdańsk before the plague and with those for the mass burial of plague victims in the 14th century Lübeck. Neither catastrophic mortality was found in the material studied, nor selective nature of the plague with regard to sex and age had been demonstrated. Using the Weiss method...
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Papers by Alicja Budnik