Papers by Alex Mathews Muruppel
ADVANCES IN BIORESEARCH, Society of Education, India, 2024
Inflammation is one of the most important immune reactions that may lead to arthritis, allergies,... more Inflammation is one of the most important immune reactions that may lead to arthritis, allergies, respiratory diseases,
cancer, etc. Medicinal plants are recognized as one of the promising sources of novel anti-inflammatory drugs that can
overcome the adverse side effects associated with conventional anti-inflammatory drugs. Solanum xanthocarpum, Sida
cardifolia, and Psidium guajava are indigenous edible herbs that were extensively used to treat various diseases. The
leaves of S. cardifolia and P.guajava with S.xanthocarpum fruits were mixed in 1:1:1 & 2:1:1 ratios respectively. The
herbal mixture was subjected to the preparation of extract through a cold maceration technique using ethanol (Eth) and
water (Aq) as solvents. The polyherbal formulations (PHF) were named Aq1:1:1, Aq2:1:1, Eth1:1:1, and Eth2:1:1. The
total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) were estimated using a biochemical method, and the antiinflammatory activity was analyzed by inhibition of protein denaturation and SRBC membrane stabilization assays. The
data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc test (Bonferroni test). The results revealed that the Eth2:1:1 of
PHF had the highest TPC (89.34 mg GAE/100g of Dry ext) & TFC (59.58 mg QE/100g of Dry ext). Similarly, the antiinflammatory assays also showed that Eth2:1:1 had the highest percentage in SRBC membrane stabilization (66.7±1.2)
and Protein denaturation inhibitory (60.9±1.7) assays than other PHF forms. Hence the current study exhibits the better
anti-inflammatory effect of novel PHF with the 2:1:1 ratio of ethanolic extract. This finding may help to develop a new
drug to treat various life-threatening inflammatory conditions
Lasers in dental science, Apr 23, 2024
Textbooks in contemporary dentistry, Dec 31, 2022
Springer eBooks, 2017
An objective and accurate diagnosis is an essential and key component in the formulation of safe,... more An objective and accurate diagnosis is an essential and key component in the formulation of safe, comprehensive management, and treatment of dental patients. The framework of such diagnosis should be based on clear criteria, applied with sound diagnostic methodologies which can assess, grade and detect the presenting symptoms of any individual case. Various diagnostic approaches therefore play an essential part in developing a provisional and final diagnosis, from which treatment modalities and strategy can then be planned and implemented.
The journal of contemporary dental practice, 2019
Aim: This in vitro study was designed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of a dentifrice c... more Aim: This in vitro study was designed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of a dentifrice containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate, diode laser (810 nm) and the combined use of diode laser (810 nm) and the same dentifrice in occluding dentinal tubules. Materials and methods: Forty sectioned dentine discs were observed in this study. The Samples were randomly divided into 4 groups. In group A, a dentifrice containing arginine and calcium carbonate was applied. In group B, the specimens were subjected to diode laser (810 nm) irradiation. In group C, the same dentifrice was applied and the specimens were subjected to diode laser (810 nm) treatment. Group D was left untreated and served as the control. The specimens were observed under the scanning electron microscope. Then the photomicrographs of each specimen were taken which were uploaded into Photoshop 7®, and the diameters of the dentinal tubules of each specimen were measured and the data were analyzed statistically. Results: The overall comparison between different treatment modalities using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparisons of two modalities assessed using post hoc Tukey method revealed that there is a highly significant difference (p value = 0.0001) in the dentinal tubule diameter and rate of occlusion in different treatment modalities. Conclusion: The study concluded that all three treatment modalities caused significant occlusion of dentinal tubules. The combined use of desensitizing toothpaste and diode laser (810 nm) is the most effective, then comes the diode laser (810 nm) alone and finally the desensitizing toothpaste alone. Clinical significance: This study suggests an effective treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity using diode laser and desensitizing toothpaste.
Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5, 2022
International journal of preventive & clinical dental research, 2017
Objectives: This in vivo study was done to provide reliable, substantial, diagnostic, and predict... more Objectives: This in vivo study was done to provide reliable, substantial, diagnostic, and predictive data on perioral and tongue pressures in dentulous and edentulous subjects to aid in prosthodontic rehabilitation. This study had compared the oral pressures between the dentulous and edentulous subjects, and, thereafter, 3 months postinsertion of dentures in the same edentulous subjects and, thereby, established a normal range of perioral and tongue pressures in dentulous and edentulous patients. Materials and methods: A total of 140 subjects were selected who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, of whom 70 were assigned to dentulous and edentulous groups. The study measured the tongue pressures, left and right cheek pressures, and lip pressures of edentulous and dentulous subjects. The pressures produced by the tongue and perioral musculature were measured with a bulb probe connected to a digital manometer. Each reading was recorded for 30 seconds and from which maximum pressure was selected. These readings were recorded in standard values, i.e., Pascal. Results: The study results were analyzed with Student's t-test and it was found that there is significant difference in oral pressures of edentulous and dentulous subjects (p < 0.001). The oral pressures of edentulous subjects were statistically compared with the same group after prosthetic rehabilitation for 3 months and revealed that there is significant increase in the oral pressures of edentulous subjects (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study showed that the tongue pressure of dentulous individuals is thrice that of edentulous individuals. The cheek pressures of dentulous individual showed a value, i.e., twice as that of edentulous individual. There is only a slight difference in lip pressure between edentulous and dentulous subjects. There is significant increase in the oral pressures of edentulous subjects after 3 months of prosthetic rehabilitation. The study also found a definite range of oral pressures that may be used for diagnostic purpose in prosthetic rehabilitation.
Lasers in Dentistry—Current Concepts, 2017
An objective and accurate diagnosis is an essential and key component in the formulation of safe,... more An objective and accurate diagnosis is an essential and key component in the formulation of safe, comprehensive management, and treatment of dental patients. The framework of such diagnosis should be based on clear criteria, applied with sound diagnostic methodologies which can assess, grade and detect the presenting symptoms of any individual case. Various diagnostic approaches therefore play an essential part in developing a provisional and final diagnosis, from which treatment modalities and strategy can then be planned and implemented.
This clinical report describes the oral rehabilitation of a young adult patient diagnosed with hy... more This clinical report describes the oral rehabilitation of a young adult patient diagnosed with hypomature amelogenesis imperfecta. The specific objectives of this treatment were to eliminate tooth sensitivity while enhancing esthetics and restoring masticatory function. Porcelain fused to metal full veneer crowns were placed on anterior and posterior teeth to modify the occlusion and to improve the esthetics. Clinical examination 12 months after treatment revealed no evidence of disorders associated with the restored teeth or their supporting structures.
Dentistry Journal, 2020
Background: Gingival hyperpigmentation is a major concern for a significant number of patients, a... more Background: Gingival hyperpigmentation is a major concern for a significant number of patients, as a relevant aesthetic or cosmetic need. Oral melanin pigmentation is considered to be multifactorial and could be related to physiological or even pathological reasons and can be the consequence of a variety of local or systemic factors. This pigmentation varies individually across races or age groups and is without any gender predilection. Evidence gleaned from literature is presented from case–control studies and from the authors’ own research work in prospective, split-mouth, double-blinded, clinical trials comparing treatment modalities in effecting depigmentation. Methods: A systematic review of published articles, using suitable assay criteria, was carried out to formulate a consensus on laser-assisted modalities. A total of 295 published sources were subject to critical analysis and resulted in six papers that were subject to data scrutiny. Additionally, evidence is presented on ...
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2018
Aim This in vitro study evaluated the resistance form of die preparations for all ceramic restora... more Aim This in vitro study evaluated the resistance form of die preparations for all ceramic restorations and, thereby, explored the concept of effective taper and its correlation between the ideal in theory and actual in the clinical situation by analyzing the digital images of the die preparations. Materials and methods Scanned digital images of 114 die preparations for all ceramic restorations (n = 114) were collected from a dental laboratory. All the images were also analyzed digitally using Adobe Photoshop® software to analyze the degree of taper (angle of convergence) of each preparation and then applied the Zuckerman's circle, and the Lewis perpendicular methods were used to measure the resistance form. Results For the current study, the overall average degree of taper was found to be 20.9° (range, 2—80°), which is more than what is recommended by most previous studies and also sharply greater than the textbook ideal of 3 to 6°. Mean degree of taper for maxillary was 17.56° ...
Lasers in Dental Science, 2019
Background Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy has attracted major interest in the field of tissue e... more Background Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy has attracted major interest in the field of tissue engineering as it can enhance stem cell differentiation. It has been shown that PBM therapy can stimulate differentiation of cells in culture by exerting biomodulatory effect. Recent evidences show that PBM therapy can positively modulate dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) properties. Combination of PBM therapy with growth factors and biomaterials can possibly accelerate osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Aims To evaluate the biomodulatory effect of low-level laser dose on dental pulp stem cells in the presence of hydroxyapatitebased scaffold particle for osteogenic differentiation. Materials and methods DPSCs were harvested from human premolar teeth and expanded using mesenchymal stem cell medium. Characterization of DPSCs was done using fluorescence-activated cell sorting with CD105, CD44, CD34, and CD45 markers. Cultured DPSCs along with the N-acetylcysteine-labeled hydroxyapatite (NAC-HA) particles and osteogenic differentiation media were exposed to gallium-aluminum-arsenide (Ga-Al-As) diode laser at 810 nm. Cells were divided into 3 groups: L1 (single exposure), L2 (double exposure), and control (no exposure). Osteodifferentiation after PBM therapy was assessed using Alizarin red S staining, Alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and by osteopontin expression. Differences between groups at each time point were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. A level of significance of 5% was adopted (p < 0.05). Results DPSCs grown on NAC-HA polymers show increased cell adhesion and proliferation. Double irradiated groups were consistent with increased calcium (71%) and alkaline phosphatase activity (75%) when compared with single-irradiated groups. mRNA expression of osteopontin was relatively increased in a significant (p < 0.001) manner in L2 when compared with L1 group. Alizarin red S and ALP positive staining confirmed the presence of calcium deposition in the test samples. The osteopontin expression of L2 (216.681) as compared with L1 (123.276) group prove the efficacy of double exposures over a single dose of PBM therapy. Conclusion The result envisages the enhanced osteogenic potential of PBM therapy on the differentiation of DPSCs in NAC-HA scaffolds. Double exposure of PBM therapy expresses better biomodulatory effect on DPSCs as compared with the single dose.
LASER THERAPY, 2015
Background and aims: An outpatient surgical procedure in the paediatric age group is a tough task... more Background and aims: An outpatient surgical procedure in the paediatric age group is a tough task for a surgeon, more so when compounded with mentally challenging conditions like cerebral palsy. Every step involved, either administration of local anaesthesia or handling sharp surgical instruments around the face or achieving haemostasis, can be a challenge, with compromise on patient safety. Neither undue restraint nor general anaesthesia is advisable, considering the magnitude of the procedure. In such cases, a safe, rapid and effective technique that can be comfortably performed under topical anaesthesia without use of sharp instruments or needles would be an ideal option. The purpose of this paper is to highlight one such situation, where an intra-oral soft tissue tumor was safely and effectively ablated using diode laser, under topical anaesthesia in a child with cerebral palsy concurrent with Worster Drought syndrome. Results: Topical anaesthesia provided adequate conditions to ablate the tumor. A bloodless field was achieved, with no need for sutures. The procedure was completed in less than half the time required for a conventional approach. Postoperative follow-up of 3 months showed complete healing with no recurrence. Conclusions: Portable diode lasers are an effective tool for minor oral surgical procedures in paediatric population especially, children who are mentally challenged.
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Papers by Alex Mathews Muruppel
cancer, etc. Medicinal plants are recognized as one of the promising sources of novel anti-inflammatory drugs that can
overcome the adverse side effects associated with conventional anti-inflammatory drugs. Solanum xanthocarpum, Sida
cardifolia, and Psidium guajava are indigenous edible herbs that were extensively used to treat various diseases. The
leaves of S. cardifolia and P.guajava with S.xanthocarpum fruits were mixed in 1:1:1 & 2:1:1 ratios respectively. The
herbal mixture was subjected to the preparation of extract through a cold maceration technique using ethanol (Eth) and
water (Aq) as solvents. The polyherbal formulations (PHF) were named Aq1:1:1, Aq2:1:1, Eth1:1:1, and Eth2:1:1. The
total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) were estimated using a biochemical method, and the antiinflammatory activity was analyzed by inhibition of protein denaturation and SRBC membrane stabilization assays. The
data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc test (Bonferroni test). The results revealed that the Eth2:1:1 of
PHF had the highest TPC (89.34 mg GAE/100g of Dry ext) & TFC (59.58 mg QE/100g of Dry ext). Similarly, the antiinflammatory assays also showed that Eth2:1:1 had the highest percentage in SRBC membrane stabilization (66.7±1.2)
and Protein denaturation inhibitory (60.9±1.7) assays than other PHF forms. Hence the current study exhibits the better
anti-inflammatory effect of novel PHF with the 2:1:1 ratio of ethanolic extract. This finding may help to develop a new
drug to treat various life-threatening inflammatory conditions
cancer, etc. Medicinal plants are recognized as one of the promising sources of novel anti-inflammatory drugs that can
overcome the adverse side effects associated with conventional anti-inflammatory drugs. Solanum xanthocarpum, Sida
cardifolia, and Psidium guajava are indigenous edible herbs that were extensively used to treat various diseases. The
leaves of S. cardifolia and P.guajava with S.xanthocarpum fruits were mixed in 1:1:1 & 2:1:1 ratios respectively. The
herbal mixture was subjected to the preparation of extract through a cold maceration technique using ethanol (Eth) and
water (Aq) as solvents. The polyherbal formulations (PHF) were named Aq1:1:1, Aq2:1:1, Eth1:1:1, and Eth2:1:1. The
total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) were estimated using a biochemical method, and the antiinflammatory activity was analyzed by inhibition of protein denaturation and SRBC membrane stabilization assays. The
data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc test (Bonferroni test). The results revealed that the Eth2:1:1 of
PHF had the highest TPC (89.34 mg GAE/100g of Dry ext) & TFC (59.58 mg QE/100g of Dry ext). Similarly, the antiinflammatory assays also showed that Eth2:1:1 had the highest percentage in SRBC membrane stabilization (66.7±1.2)
and Protein denaturation inhibitory (60.9±1.7) assays than other PHF forms. Hence the current study exhibits the better
anti-inflammatory effect of novel PHF with the 2:1:1 ratio of ethanolic extract. This finding may help to develop a new
drug to treat various life-threatening inflammatory conditions