<p>Values are means ± SD of ten mice, (* significant with respect to the model control grou... more <p>Values are means ± SD of ten mice, (* significant with respect to the model control group at <i>P</i> < 0.05).</p
<p>(<i>* P</i> < 0.05 and <i>** P</i> < 0.01 with respect to ... more <p>(<i>* P</i> < 0.05 and <i>** P</i> < 0.01 with respect to the control).</p
<p>Values are means ± SD of ten mice, (* significant with respect to the model control at &... more <p>Values are means ± SD of ten mice, (* significant with respect to the model control at <i>P</i> < 0.05).</p
<p>FT-IR spectrum with detector (DTGS) in a range of 4000–400 cm<sup>−1</sup> o... more <p>FT-IR spectrum with detector (DTGS) in a range of 4000–400 cm<sup>−1</sup> of the (CVG).</p
<p>The dose volume was 0.2 ml. Values are means ± SD of ten mice, (** significant with resp... more <p>The dose volume was 0.2 ml. Values are means ± SD of ten mice, (** significant with respect to the model control with <i>P</i> < 0.01).</p
<p>(A) and (B) represented the standard monosaccharides and a monosaccharides in the CVG (D... more <p>(A) and (B) represented the standard monosaccharides and a monosaccharides in the CVG (D-Fuc, D-Ara,D-Man,D-Gal and D-Glc) after hydrolyzed with TFA, respectively.</p
<p><sup>13</sup>C NMR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectral assignments of... more <p><sup>13</sup>C NMR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectral assignments of (CVG).</p
Coriolus versicolor (CV) contains high levels of bioactive compounds, including the glucan (1→6)-... more Coriolus versicolor (CV) contains high levels of bioactive compounds, including the glucan (1→6)-α-D-glucopyranosyl. However, there is a lack of data regarding the potential effect of this CV glucan (CVG) on the stimulation of cytokine production. The present study evaluated the effect of CVG on the stimulation of cytokine production in sarcoma-180-bearing mice. Mice were treated with three doses of CVG (40, 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight) for nine days, after which serum levels of cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-2,-4,-6,-10,-17A and interferon (IFN)-α and-γ, were investigated by ELISA. CVG significantly promoted the secretion of IL-2,-4,-6,-10,-17A and IFN-α and-γ at the doses of 100 (P<0.05) and 200 (P<0.01) mg/kg, but not at 40 mg/kg (P>0.05), when compared with cyclophosphamide treatment, as a positive control. Additionally, cytokine production associated with T helper (Th)2 and Th17 cells was enhanced compared with that of Th1 cytokines, and the immunomodulatory function of CVG appeared to be IL-10-dependent. These results demonstrate that CVG may stimulate the production of cytokines and serve as a Th2/IL-10-dependent immunomodulator, and thus has promise in supporting cancer therapies.
Ezrin and Annexin seven (A7) have been suggested to be involved in several roles in cancers metas... more Ezrin and Annexin seven (A7) have been suggested to be involved in several roles in cancers metastasis. However, the role of Ezrin and the effect of A7 on Ezrin expression in lymphatic metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (LNM-HCC) have not been extensively explored yet. This study reports expression of Ezrin in high lymphatic metastasis (Hca-F >70%) and low metastatic metastasis (Hca-P <30%) HCC cell lines, and the effect of A7 on Ezrin expression. Real-Time PCR, Western blot, Subcellular fractionation, Immunocytochemistry and Immunofluorescence were used to investigate Ezrin expression in addition to migration and invasion behaviors of A7 up-regulated Hca-F cells, A7 down-regulated Hca-P and in their respective negative control (NC) cells. Ezrin expression was higher in high LNM-HCC than low LNM-HCC (p=0.0046). Cell fractionation analysis reveals that Ezrin was highly present in the cytoplasm, nucleus and cytoskeleton of NC-Hca-F cells. However, Ezrin was highly observed in t...
Lymphatic vessels function as transport channels for tumor cells to metastasize from the primary ... more Lymphatic vessels function as transport channels for tumor cells to metastasize from the primary site into the lymph nodes. In this experiment we evaluated the effect of Sulfatase-1 (Sulf-1) on metastasis by upregulating it in murine hepatocarcinoma cell line Hca-F with high lymph node metastatic rate of >75%. The study in vitro showed that up regulation of Sulf-1 in Hca-F cells significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion (p<0.05). Also, the forced expression of Sulf-1 down regulated Mesothelin (Msln) at both the protein and mRNA levels. The experiment in vivo further showed that up-regulation of Sulf-1 with the attendant downregulation of mesothelin delayed tumor growth and decreased lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, our findings show that Sulf-1 is an important tumor suppressor gene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its over expression downregulates Msln and results in a decrease in HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and lymphatic meta...
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, Jan 19, 2016
Probiotics have been suggested as prophylactic measure in colon carcinogenesis. This study aimed ... more Probiotics have been suggested as prophylactic measure in colon carcinogenesis. This study aimed at determining the potential prophylactic activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG CGMCC 1.2134 (LGG) strain on colorectal carcinogenesis via measuring its effect on Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) inflammatory pathway and apoptosis. 64 Sprague Dawley rats were grouped into four as follows; Group 1 (Healthy control), Group 2 (LGG), Group 3 (cancer control Dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)) and Group 4 (LGG+DMH). LGG was administered orally to LGG and LGG+DMH groups. Colon carcinogenesis was chemically induced in LGG+DMH and DMH groups by weekly injection of 40mg/kg DMH. Animals were sacrificed after 25 weeks of experiment and tumor characteristics assessed. The change in expression of NFκB-p65, COX-2, TNFα, Bcl-2, Bax, iNOS, VEGFα, β-catenin, Casp3 and p53 were evaluated by western blotting and qRT-PCR. LGG treatment significantly reduced tumor incidence, multiplicity and volume in LGG+DMH treatment ...
This study aims at investigating the problems of writing correct English sentences as for the Sud... more This study aims at investigating the problems of writing correct English sentences as for the Sudanese students of secondary schools. The study applied the descriptive and the analytical methods beside the statistical tools so as to achieve the desired goals. Therefore, the researcher used both questionnaire for teachers (31teachers) and test for students (25 students), and he reached the results below: 1. Most of the Sudanese students at secondary school are not acquainted with parts of speech. 2. The periods allocated for writing skills are extremely rare. 3. Teachers, encouragement for students concerning writing skills is entirely rare. 4. There is a complete absence in teaching lessons of English structure. 5. Students, mistakes in writing skills are not discussed in the presence of students. Thus the study recommended that: there should be a sort of modification in the Sudanese secondary schools syllabus through introducing a lot of periods concerning English structure besides focusing on literature periods, for it is the main source of vocabulary.
An L-asparaginase produced by Pseudornonas stutzeri MB-405 was isolated and characterized. After ... more An L-asparaginase produced by Pseudornonas stutzeri MB-405 was isolated and characterized. After initial ammonium sulfate fractionation, the enzyme was purified by consecutive column chromatography on Sephadex G-100, Ca-hydroxylapatite, and DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The 665.5fold purified enzyme thus obtained has the specific activity of 732.3 units mg protein-1 with an overall recovery of 27.2%. The apparent Mr of the enzyme under nondenaturing and denaturing conditions was 34 kDa and 33 kDa respectively, and the isoelectric point was 6.38 _+ 0.02. It displayed optimum activity at pH 9.0 and 37~ The enzyme was very specific for L-asparagine and did not hydrolyze L-glutaminate. The Km of the L-asparaginase was found to be 1.45 x 10-4 M towards L-asparagine and was competitively inhibited by 5-diazo-4-oxo-L-norvaline (DONV) with a Ki of 0.03 raM. Metal ions such as Mn 2+, Zn 2+, Hg 2+, Fe 3+, Ni 2+, and Cd 2+ potentially inhibited the enzyme activity. The activity was enhanced in the presence of thiol-protecting reagents such as DTT, 2-ME, and glutathione (reduced), but inhibited by PCMB and iodoacetamide. The tumor inhibition study with Dalton's lymphoma tumor cells in vivo indicated that this enzyme possesses antitumor properties. After the observation by Kidd [10] that guinea pig serum possesses antitumor activity, Broome [2] found an enzyme, L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.1) to be responsible for the antitumor activity of guinea pig serum. Subsequently, it was identified as an effective antitumor agent in human clinical trials [6, 8, 16, 18], and today it is regarded as one of the useful components of the antitumor armamentarium. Some tumor ceils rely on an exogenous supply of L-asparagine for their proliferation, and this enzyme causes selective death of asparaginedependent tumor cells by depriving them of asparagine. L-Asparaginase can induce complete remission in up to 80% of patients suffering from acute Iymphoblastic leukemia [18] and is relatively nontoxic compared with other commonly used antileukemic drugs [7]. But unfortunately, it produces some unwanted side effects such as anaphylactic shock, immunosuppression, and tissue toxicity [3]. The allergic reaction is due to long-term use of a foreign protein, and this can be circumvented by using serologically unrelated
<p>Values are means ± SD of ten mice, (* significant with respect to the model control grou... more <p>Values are means ± SD of ten mice, (* significant with respect to the model control group at <i>P</i> < 0.05).</p
<p>(<i>* P</i> < 0.05 and <i>** P</i> < 0.01 with respect to ... more <p>(<i>* P</i> < 0.05 and <i>** P</i> < 0.01 with respect to the control).</p
<p>Values are means ± SD of ten mice, (* significant with respect to the model control at &... more <p>Values are means ± SD of ten mice, (* significant with respect to the model control at <i>P</i> < 0.05).</p
<p>FT-IR spectrum with detector (DTGS) in a range of 4000–400 cm<sup>−1</sup> o... more <p>FT-IR spectrum with detector (DTGS) in a range of 4000–400 cm<sup>−1</sup> of the (CVG).</p
<p>The dose volume was 0.2 ml. Values are means ± SD of ten mice, (** significant with resp... more <p>The dose volume was 0.2 ml. Values are means ± SD of ten mice, (** significant with respect to the model control with <i>P</i> < 0.01).</p
<p>(A) and (B) represented the standard monosaccharides and a monosaccharides in the CVG (D... more <p>(A) and (B) represented the standard monosaccharides and a monosaccharides in the CVG (D-Fuc, D-Ara,D-Man,D-Gal and D-Glc) after hydrolyzed with TFA, respectively.</p
<p><sup>13</sup>C NMR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectral assignments of... more <p><sup>13</sup>C NMR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectral assignments of (CVG).</p
Coriolus versicolor (CV) contains high levels of bioactive compounds, including the glucan (1→6)-... more Coriolus versicolor (CV) contains high levels of bioactive compounds, including the glucan (1→6)-α-D-glucopyranosyl. However, there is a lack of data regarding the potential effect of this CV glucan (CVG) on the stimulation of cytokine production. The present study evaluated the effect of CVG on the stimulation of cytokine production in sarcoma-180-bearing mice. Mice were treated with three doses of CVG (40, 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight) for nine days, after which serum levels of cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-2,-4,-6,-10,-17A and interferon (IFN)-α and-γ, were investigated by ELISA. CVG significantly promoted the secretion of IL-2,-4,-6,-10,-17A and IFN-α and-γ at the doses of 100 (P<0.05) and 200 (P<0.01) mg/kg, but not at 40 mg/kg (P>0.05), when compared with cyclophosphamide treatment, as a positive control. Additionally, cytokine production associated with T helper (Th)2 and Th17 cells was enhanced compared with that of Th1 cytokines, and the immunomodulatory function of CVG appeared to be IL-10-dependent. These results demonstrate that CVG may stimulate the production of cytokines and serve as a Th2/IL-10-dependent immunomodulator, and thus has promise in supporting cancer therapies.
Ezrin and Annexin seven (A7) have been suggested to be involved in several roles in cancers metas... more Ezrin and Annexin seven (A7) have been suggested to be involved in several roles in cancers metastasis. However, the role of Ezrin and the effect of A7 on Ezrin expression in lymphatic metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (LNM-HCC) have not been extensively explored yet. This study reports expression of Ezrin in high lymphatic metastasis (Hca-F >70%) and low metastatic metastasis (Hca-P <30%) HCC cell lines, and the effect of A7 on Ezrin expression. Real-Time PCR, Western blot, Subcellular fractionation, Immunocytochemistry and Immunofluorescence were used to investigate Ezrin expression in addition to migration and invasion behaviors of A7 up-regulated Hca-F cells, A7 down-regulated Hca-P and in their respective negative control (NC) cells. Ezrin expression was higher in high LNM-HCC than low LNM-HCC (p=0.0046). Cell fractionation analysis reveals that Ezrin was highly present in the cytoplasm, nucleus and cytoskeleton of NC-Hca-F cells. However, Ezrin was highly observed in t...
Lymphatic vessels function as transport channels for tumor cells to metastasize from the primary ... more Lymphatic vessels function as transport channels for tumor cells to metastasize from the primary site into the lymph nodes. In this experiment we evaluated the effect of Sulfatase-1 (Sulf-1) on metastasis by upregulating it in murine hepatocarcinoma cell line Hca-F with high lymph node metastatic rate of >75%. The study in vitro showed that up regulation of Sulf-1 in Hca-F cells significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion (p<0.05). Also, the forced expression of Sulf-1 down regulated Mesothelin (Msln) at both the protein and mRNA levels. The experiment in vivo further showed that up-regulation of Sulf-1 with the attendant downregulation of mesothelin delayed tumor growth and decreased lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, our findings show that Sulf-1 is an important tumor suppressor gene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its over expression downregulates Msln and results in a decrease in HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and lymphatic meta...
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, Jan 19, 2016
Probiotics have been suggested as prophylactic measure in colon carcinogenesis. This study aimed ... more Probiotics have been suggested as prophylactic measure in colon carcinogenesis. This study aimed at determining the potential prophylactic activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG CGMCC 1.2134 (LGG) strain on colorectal carcinogenesis via measuring its effect on Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) inflammatory pathway and apoptosis. 64 Sprague Dawley rats were grouped into four as follows; Group 1 (Healthy control), Group 2 (LGG), Group 3 (cancer control Dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)) and Group 4 (LGG+DMH). LGG was administered orally to LGG and LGG+DMH groups. Colon carcinogenesis was chemically induced in LGG+DMH and DMH groups by weekly injection of 40mg/kg DMH. Animals were sacrificed after 25 weeks of experiment and tumor characteristics assessed. The change in expression of NFκB-p65, COX-2, TNFα, Bcl-2, Bax, iNOS, VEGFα, β-catenin, Casp3 and p53 were evaluated by western blotting and qRT-PCR. LGG treatment significantly reduced tumor incidence, multiplicity and volume in LGG+DMH treatment ...
This study aims at investigating the problems of writing correct English sentences as for the Sud... more This study aims at investigating the problems of writing correct English sentences as for the Sudanese students of secondary schools. The study applied the descriptive and the analytical methods beside the statistical tools so as to achieve the desired goals. Therefore, the researcher used both questionnaire for teachers (31teachers) and test for students (25 students), and he reached the results below: 1. Most of the Sudanese students at secondary school are not acquainted with parts of speech. 2. The periods allocated for writing skills are extremely rare. 3. Teachers, encouragement for students concerning writing skills is entirely rare. 4. There is a complete absence in teaching lessons of English structure. 5. Students, mistakes in writing skills are not discussed in the presence of students. Thus the study recommended that: there should be a sort of modification in the Sudanese secondary schools syllabus through introducing a lot of periods concerning English structure besides focusing on literature periods, for it is the main source of vocabulary.
An L-asparaginase produced by Pseudornonas stutzeri MB-405 was isolated and characterized. After ... more An L-asparaginase produced by Pseudornonas stutzeri MB-405 was isolated and characterized. After initial ammonium sulfate fractionation, the enzyme was purified by consecutive column chromatography on Sephadex G-100, Ca-hydroxylapatite, and DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The 665.5fold purified enzyme thus obtained has the specific activity of 732.3 units mg protein-1 with an overall recovery of 27.2%. The apparent Mr of the enzyme under nondenaturing and denaturing conditions was 34 kDa and 33 kDa respectively, and the isoelectric point was 6.38 _+ 0.02. It displayed optimum activity at pH 9.0 and 37~ The enzyme was very specific for L-asparagine and did not hydrolyze L-glutaminate. The Km of the L-asparaginase was found to be 1.45 x 10-4 M towards L-asparagine and was competitively inhibited by 5-diazo-4-oxo-L-norvaline (DONV) with a Ki of 0.03 raM. Metal ions such as Mn 2+, Zn 2+, Hg 2+, Fe 3+, Ni 2+, and Cd 2+ potentially inhibited the enzyme activity. The activity was enhanced in the presence of thiol-protecting reagents such as DTT, 2-ME, and glutathione (reduced), but inhibited by PCMB and iodoacetamide. The tumor inhibition study with Dalton's lymphoma tumor cells in vivo indicated that this enzyme possesses antitumor properties. After the observation by Kidd [10] that guinea pig serum possesses antitumor activity, Broome [2] found an enzyme, L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.1) to be responsible for the antitumor activity of guinea pig serum. Subsequently, it was identified as an effective antitumor agent in human clinical trials [6, 8, 16, 18], and today it is regarded as one of the useful components of the antitumor armamentarium. Some tumor ceils rely on an exogenous supply of L-asparagine for their proliferation, and this enzyme causes selective death of asparaginedependent tumor cells by depriving them of asparagine. L-Asparaginase can induce complete remission in up to 80% of patients suffering from acute Iymphoblastic leukemia [18] and is relatively nontoxic compared with other commonly used antileukemic drugs [7]. But unfortunately, it produces some unwanted side effects such as anaphylactic shock, immunosuppression, and tissue toxicity [3]. The allergic reaction is due to long-term use of a foreign protein, and this can be circumvented by using serologically unrelated
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