Promoting global health ensures progress in basic humanitarian values in saving and improving liv... more Promoting global health ensures progress in basic humanitarian values in saving and improving lives. In recent years, improving global health has proven its advanced value in promoting security
Background. Primary school learners in Vihiga County have been recording a lower mean score in En... more Background. Primary school learners in Vihiga County have been recording a lower mean score in English language examinations than their counterparts in neighbouring counties, with the score being lower in comprehension passage than in grammar sections. Few previous studies conducted in Kenya have investigated the issue from the instructional dimension, thereby limiting stakeholders’ understanding of the issue and delaying appropriate interventions. Aim. To determine how the deployment of learners’ background knowledge influences performance in reading comprehension passages. Method. Solomon Four-Group Design guided the study. Data were sourced in mid-2017 from standard six learners and English language teachers. Regression analysis generated two models, one for the experimental and control groups, each. Results. In both models, deployment of background knowledge had a significant positive effect on the performance in reading comprehension passages, which prompted rejection of the nu...
Reading has always been a challenging task especially for struggling learners of English as a sec... more Reading has always been a challenging task especially for struggling learners of English as a second language (ESL). Readers' theatre has been used as a class instruction approach to enable learners to become innovative and active participants in the reading class. During class instruction, teachers use multiple strategies such as modeling reading accuracy, main idea instruction, group reading, adapting scripts, and discussion. Using a qualitative approach, this study aimed at investigating the perception of secondary school teachers on the impact of readers' theatre for improvement of reading comprehension of learners of ESL. Data was collected using interviews from eight teachers of English in secondary schools in Kisumu County, Kenya, and lessons were also observed. Purposive sampling was used to select the teachers. The findings were reported verbatim in accordance with the themes of the study. The findings revealed that readers' theatre class activities enabled learners to be involved actively in-class reading tasks which resulted in enhanced reading comprehension. Furthermore, learners built confidence in reading due to group reading. The findings of this study will assist teachers to plan appropriate class activities that scaffold reading comprehension and build confidence among learners. The study suggests further studies on implementing readers' theatre on writing skills.
This article discusses the language situation in Kenya, beginning with an insightful history on l... more This article discusses the language situation in Kenya, beginning with an insightful history on language policies from the period when the country was still under British colonial rule. In post colonial Kenya, the newly formed KANU regime, through the Ministry of Education, occasionally changed the country’s language policy over the years in line with recommendations made by several commissions tailored towards education and this has had great influence on the current language situation. The current socio-linguistic in the country situation shows that English has a hegemonic edge over Kiswahili which, even though it enjoys widespread popularity, is not widely spoken, especially in the rural areas where mother tongue thrives. Mother tongue holds a strong footing in the Kenyan society since it is used for informal communication and neighborhood conversations. Sheng, a code that developed among the urban youth, has also spread across the country like wildfire. The lingo continues to th...
Adapting scripts from literary materials provide an interactive learning experience which promote... more Adapting scripts from literary materials provide an interactive learning experience which promotes reading proficiency amongst learners. Learners interact actively with the text by activating and utilizing schema for effective comprehension. Likewise, proficiency in reading provides learners with indispensable skills to thrive in academic excellence. The study examined the effect of adapting scripts on learner achievement in reading skills in secondary schools. The study was anchored on Lev Vygotsky socioconstructivist theory which emphasizes on active learning and social interaction. Quasi experimental; pre test, post test control groups design was adopted in which eight sub county day public secondary schools in the peri-urban region of Kisumu County were purposively selected. Respondents were 426 learners of form three of which 205 were randomly assigned to experimental while 221 to control study groups and 19 teachers were purposively selected. Primary data was collected within ...
Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 2015
The study sought to find out the effects of dramatization on learning of the English Language, am... more The study sought to find out the effects of dramatization on learning of the English Language, among high school students and its influence on learner achievement. The target population of the study was 4,400 students, 45 headteachers, 720 teachers and 16 Directorate Quality Assurance officers from the Ministry of Education Science and Technology. Data was qualitative and quantitative in nature and was collected using questionnaires, interviews and test scores. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS which is an acronym for (statistical package for social sciences software) and descriptive statistics. The analyzed data was presented in tables of frequencies and percentages. The study established that when dramatic features were used in learning the English Language, learner achievement was improved. The study explored the significance of drama and the communicative approach, teachers and student attitude towards drama, drama and learning of the English Language and drama and the micro-skil...
In any society, conflict is an endemic factor that shapes and determines relationship in all face... more In any society, conflict is an endemic factor that shapes and determines relationship in all facets of life. Evidently, in a school community, conflicts are bound to occur given the different views, needs and values of the people. The study examines conflict mitigation in enhancing discipline in Kenyan secondary schools and is anchored on human needs theory. The study employed a descriptive survey design and embraced both quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data from secondary school students, head teachers and guidance and counseling officers. The study concluded that the failure to train teachers on skills of conflict management and non involvement of students in decision making, are the causes of conflict in secondary schools. The study recommends that key conflict resolution and peacemaking skills should be introduced in schools and in management and training of teachers. Key Words: Conflict, Management, Strategies, Discipline, and Students
International journal of scientific research, 2014
Promoting global health ensures progress in basic humanitarian values in saving and improving liv... more Promoting global health ensures progress in basic humanitarian values in saving and improving lives. In recent years, improving global health has proven its advanced value in promoting security and constructive cooperation between countries. A strategic and long-term global health policy helps countries in advancing their core interests in establishing lasting collaborations that save and improve lives of millions globally. This policy helps in creating an environment that enables countries to possess their goals and programs where assessment, cost-effectiveness, and responsibility assume imperative roles. Health challenges are more acute in sub-Saharan Africa compared to other developed nations. These challenges are embedded in a broader context of poverty, poorly developed infrastructure, politically instigated conflicts and disappointingly managed governmental institutions. The sub-Saharan Africa region remains a target of global public health policies and intercessions. Fighting...
Interpretive reading as an approach in teaching reading enhances the fluency and comprehension th... more Interpretive reading as an approach in teaching reading enhances the fluency and comprehension through using of expression, phrasing, reading rate and smoothness. Learners in Kisumu County have reflected incompetence in reading skills resulting in below average performance in English language examinations. This study sought to examine effect of interpretive reading on achievement in reading skills of secondary school learners. Using social constructivist theory, the study adopted quasi experimental pretest posttest design. To obtain the data, participants in experimental groups(n=205) and control groups(n=221) were administered a pretest and posttest, while 19 teachers were interviewed. Questionnaires were also administered and lessons observed. Multiple linear regression and T-test were used to analyse data. The study revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between interpretive reading and achievement in reading skills. However, reading rate with p=0.86 was f...
Learners in secondary schools ought to be provided with a learning environment which results in e... more Learners in secondary schools ought to be provided with a learning environment which results in effective reading skills. Nature of class facilitates achievement in reading skills through group work, scaffold, motivation and enacting scripts. This study adopted social constructivism in a quasi-experimental design to establish influence of nature of class on achievement in reading skills in secondary schools. Data was collected from learners, n=205 (experimental groups), n=221 (control groups) and 19 teachers for a period of 8 weeks. Reading skills assessment tests, questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions were used to collect data. The findings revealed a statistically significant relationship between nature of class and achievement in reading skills with p=0.00. The findings in regard to statistical analysis revealed nature of class had a significant impact on achievement in reading skills and interactive classroom environment would be valuable in the teaching and learni...
International journal of scientific research, 2014
Conflict is a part and parcel of human organization all over the world. Therefore, potential for ... more Conflict is a part and parcel of human organization all over the world. Therefore, potential for conflict exists because people have different needs, values, views and goals. In schools, internal conflicts occur because sometimes administrators, teachers and students have different perceptions and attitudes towards certain issues. The study examines how conflict management is used as a tool for restoring discipline in Kenyan secondary schools and it is guided by human needs theory. The study employed mixed methods approach which embraced both quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data from secondary students, headteachers and teacher counselors. This study has concluded that failure to train headteachers and teacher counselors on conflict resolution; management skills and a lack of clear communication among all the stakeholders constitute some of the causes of conflict in secondary schools. The study has recommended that conflict management and peace keeping skills should ...
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of HIV/AIDS on academic performance of pr... more The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of HIV/AIDS on academic performance of preschool children. Since HIV/AIDS was discovered in 1981, more than 60million people have lost their lives to the virus. According to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, nearly 34 million are currently living with HIV/AIDS, including nearly 3 million children under the age of 15. The sample comprised 15 teachers, 18 parents and 18 pre-school children. Data was collected by use of questionnaires, interviews and observation which was analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The study found that children living with HIV/AIDS are faced with challenges such as absenteeism from school, school dropout, a lack of basic human needs, child labour and stigmatization. The study concluded that the most vulnerable children were those that were caring for their ailing parents and child-headed families, and that children with HIV/AIDS perform poorly in schools. The study r...
This study set out to establish the role of conflict Management in Maintenance of Discipline in K... more This study set out to establish the role of conflict Management in Maintenance of Discipline in Kenya's Public Secondary Schools. The study formulated 6 objectives as follows: examine the nature of Conflict experienced in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya; establish how teachers and students perceive conflict in secondary schools; determine how teachers and students experience conflict in Secondary Schools; investigate the effectiveness of conflict Management Programmes used in Secondary Schools; discover suitable conflict management programmes to address present and future conflict in secondary schools; generate findings based on a theoretical approach for understanding and managing conflict in secondary schools with particular reference to schools in Kenya. The research was conducted in the form of a descriptive survey design with a mixed methods approach which combined qualitative research design and quantitative research technique. A sample of 649 Students, 16 secondary school head teachers, and 16 secondary school guidance and counseling officers from 4 provinces in Kenya was used to obtain data for the study. Random and purposive sampling techniques were used. Data was collected using questionnaires and structured interviews. Descriptive statistics such as mean, percentages, standard deviation, and frequencies was used to discuss the research findings. The study also used inferential statistics, particularly chi-square to test the significant statistical differences on the nature of conflict in schools, how students and teachers experience and perceive conflict in different categories of schools. From the findings, students witness conflict in form of theft, 51.7%, bullying, 29%, rumours and fights. Results from males and females indicate that drugs are abused in secondary schools (males (26.8%) and females (13.6%). All the respondents revealed that students take drugs to please their peers, and to release stress, and for adventure. On the effectiveness of conflict management programmes, a majority of students accept punishment when they break the school rules (80.0%) as they feel that punishments improve their behaviour. Most of the teachers had not had proper training in conflict management and some of them do not understand the role of peer mediation as they lack such programmes in their schools. The study concluded that failure to train teachers in conflict management skills, and to involve students in decision making causes conflict in schools. The study recommended that life skills, and peace keeping lessons should be taught in schools. In addition, head teachers and teachers should go for a refresher course in conflict management. Also, the study recommends that a comparative study should be done in a wider scope in secondary schools that experience conflict and those that do not, so as to get an insight of the suitable strategies needed to manage conflict in schools.
Promoting global health ensures progress in basic humanitarian values in saving and improving liv... more Promoting global health ensures progress in basic humanitarian values in saving and improving lives. In recent years, improving global health has proven its advanced value in promoting security
Background. Primary school learners in Vihiga County have been recording a lower mean score in En... more Background. Primary school learners in Vihiga County have been recording a lower mean score in English language examinations than their counterparts in neighbouring counties, with the score being lower in comprehension passage than in grammar sections. Few previous studies conducted in Kenya have investigated the issue from the instructional dimension, thereby limiting stakeholders’ understanding of the issue and delaying appropriate interventions. Aim. To determine how the deployment of learners’ background knowledge influences performance in reading comprehension passages. Method. Solomon Four-Group Design guided the study. Data were sourced in mid-2017 from standard six learners and English language teachers. Regression analysis generated two models, one for the experimental and control groups, each. Results. In both models, deployment of background knowledge had a significant positive effect on the performance in reading comprehension passages, which prompted rejection of the nu...
Reading has always been a challenging task especially for struggling learners of English as a sec... more Reading has always been a challenging task especially for struggling learners of English as a second language (ESL). Readers' theatre has been used as a class instruction approach to enable learners to become innovative and active participants in the reading class. During class instruction, teachers use multiple strategies such as modeling reading accuracy, main idea instruction, group reading, adapting scripts, and discussion. Using a qualitative approach, this study aimed at investigating the perception of secondary school teachers on the impact of readers' theatre for improvement of reading comprehension of learners of ESL. Data was collected using interviews from eight teachers of English in secondary schools in Kisumu County, Kenya, and lessons were also observed. Purposive sampling was used to select the teachers. The findings were reported verbatim in accordance with the themes of the study. The findings revealed that readers' theatre class activities enabled learners to be involved actively in-class reading tasks which resulted in enhanced reading comprehension. Furthermore, learners built confidence in reading due to group reading. The findings of this study will assist teachers to plan appropriate class activities that scaffold reading comprehension and build confidence among learners. The study suggests further studies on implementing readers' theatre on writing skills.
This article discusses the language situation in Kenya, beginning with an insightful history on l... more This article discusses the language situation in Kenya, beginning with an insightful history on language policies from the period when the country was still under British colonial rule. In post colonial Kenya, the newly formed KANU regime, through the Ministry of Education, occasionally changed the country’s language policy over the years in line with recommendations made by several commissions tailored towards education and this has had great influence on the current language situation. The current socio-linguistic in the country situation shows that English has a hegemonic edge over Kiswahili which, even though it enjoys widespread popularity, is not widely spoken, especially in the rural areas where mother tongue thrives. Mother tongue holds a strong footing in the Kenyan society since it is used for informal communication and neighborhood conversations. Sheng, a code that developed among the urban youth, has also spread across the country like wildfire. The lingo continues to th...
Adapting scripts from literary materials provide an interactive learning experience which promote... more Adapting scripts from literary materials provide an interactive learning experience which promotes reading proficiency amongst learners. Learners interact actively with the text by activating and utilizing schema for effective comprehension. Likewise, proficiency in reading provides learners with indispensable skills to thrive in academic excellence. The study examined the effect of adapting scripts on learner achievement in reading skills in secondary schools. The study was anchored on Lev Vygotsky socioconstructivist theory which emphasizes on active learning and social interaction. Quasi experimental; pre test, post test control groups design was adopted in which eight sub county day public secondary schools in the peri-urban region of Kisumu County were purposively selected. Respondents were 426 learners of form three of which 205 were randomly assigned to experimental while 221 to control study groups and 19 teachers were purposively selected. Primary data was collected within ...
Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 2015
The study sought to find out the effects of dramatization on learning of the English Language, am... more The study sought to find out the effects of dramatization on learning of the English Language, among high school students and its influence on learner achievement. The target population of the study was 4,400 students, 45 headteachers, 720 teachers and 16 Directorate Quality Assurance officers from the Ministry of Education Science and Technology. Data was qualitative and quantitative in nature and was collected using questionnaires, interviews and test scores. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS which is an acronym for (statistical package for social sciences software) and descriptive statistics. The analyzed data was presented in tables of frequencies and percentages. The study established that when dramatic features were used in learning the English Language, learner achievement was improved. The study explored the significance of drama and the communicative approach, teachers and student attitude towards drama, drama and learning of the English Language and drama and the micro-skil...
In any society, conflict is an endemic factor that shapes and determines relationship in all face... more In any society, conflict is an endemic factor that shapes and determines relationship in all facets of life. Evidently, in a school community, conflicts are bound to occur given the different views, needs and values of the people. The study examines conflict mitigation in enhancing discipline in Kenyan secondary schools and is anchored on human needs theory. The study employed a descriptive survey design and embraced both quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data from secondary school students, head teachers and guidance and counseling officers. The study concluded that the failure to train teachers on skills of conflict management and non involvement of students in decision making, are the causes of conflict in secondary schools. The study recommends that key conflict resolution and peacemaking skills should be introduced in schools and in management and training of teachers. Key Words: Conflict, Management, Strategies, Discipline, and Students
International journal of scientific research, 2014
Promoting global health ensures progress in basic humanitarian values in saving and improving liv... more Promoting global health ensures progress in basic humanitarian values in saving and improving lives. In recent years, improving global health has proven its advanced value in promoting security and constructive cooperation between countries. A strategic and long-term global health policy helps countries in advancing their core interests in establishing lasting collaborations that save and improve lives of millions globally. This policy helps in creating an environment that enables countries to possess their goals and programs where assessment, cost-effectiveness, and responsibility assume imperative roles. Health challenges are more acute in sub-Saharan Africa compared to other developed nations. These challenges are embedded in a broader context of poverty, poorly developed infrastructure, politically instigated conflicts and disappointingly managed governmental institutions. The sub-Saharan Africa region remains a target of global public health policies and intercessions. Fighting...
Interpretive reading as an approach in teaching reading enhances the fluency and comprehension th... more Interpretive reading as an approach in teaching reading enhances the fluency and comprehension through using of expression, phrasing, reading rate and smoothness. Learners in Kisumu County have reflected incompetence in reading skills resulting in below average performance in English language examinations. This study sought to examine effect of interpretive reading on achievement in reading skills of secondary school learners. Using social constructivist theory, the study adopted quasi experimental pretest posttest design. To obtain the data, participants in experimental groups(n=205) and control groups(n=221) were administered a pretest and posttest, while 19 teachers were interviewed. Questionnaires were also administered and lessons observed. Multiple linear regression and T-test were used to analyse data. The study revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between interpretive reading and achievement in reading skills. However, reading rate with p=0.86 was f...
Learners in secondary schools ought to be provided with a learning environment which results in e... more Learners in secondary schools ought to be provided with a learning environment which results in effective reading skills. Nature of class facilitates achievement in reading skills through group work, scaffold, motivation and enacting scripts. This study adopted social constructivism in a quasi-experimental design to establish influence of nature of class on achievement in reading skills in secondary schools. Data was collected from learners, n=205 (experimental groups), n=221 (control groups) and 19 teachers for a period of 8 weeks. Reading skills assessment tests, questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions were used to collect data. The findings revealed a statistically significant relationship between nature of class and achievement in reading skills with p=0.00. The findings in regard to statistical analysis revealed nature of class had a significant impact on achievement in reading skills and interactive classroom environment would be valuable in the teaching and learni...
International journal of scientific research, 2014
Conflict is a part and parcel of human organization all over the world. Therefore, potential for ... more Conflict is a part and parcel of human organization all over the world. Therefore, potential for conflict exists because people have different needs, values, views and goals. In schools, internal conflicts occur because sometimes administrators, teachers and students have different perceptions and attitudes towards certain issues. The study examines how conflict management is used as a tool for restoring discipline in Kenyan secondary schools and it is guided by human needs theory. The study employed mixed methods approach which embraced both quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data from secondary students, headteachers and teacher counselors. This study has concluded that failure to train headteachers and teacher counselors on conflict resolution; management skills and a lack of clear communication among all the stakeholders constitute some of the causes of conflict in secondary schools. The study has recommended that conflict management and peace keeping skills should ...
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of HIV/AIDS on academic performance of pr... more The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of HIV/AIDS on academic performance of preschool children. Since HIV/AIDS was discovered in 1981, more than 60million people have lost their lives to the virus. According to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, nearly 34 million are currently living with HIV/AIDS, including nearly 3 million children under the age of 15. The sample comprised 15 teachers, 18 parents and 18 pre-school children. Data was collected by use of questionnaires, interviews and observation which was analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The study found that children living with HIV/AIDS are faced with challenges such as absenteeism from school, school dropout, a lack of basic human needs, child labour and stigmatization. The study concluded that the most vulnerable children were those that were caring for their ailing parents and child-headed families, and that children with HIV/AIDS perform poorly in schools. The study r...
This study set out to establish the role of conflict Management in Maintenance of Discipline in K... more This study set out to establish the role of conflict Management in Maintenance of Discipline in Kenya's Public Secondary Schools. The study formulated 6 objectives as follows: examine the nature of Conflict experienced in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya; establish how teachers and students perceive conflict in secondary schools; determine how teachers and students experience conflict in Secondary Schools; investigate the effectiveness of conflict Management Programmes used in Secondary Schools; discover suitable conflict management programmes to address present and future conflict in secondary schools; generate findings based on a theoretical approach for understanding and managing conflict in secondary schools with particular reference to schools in Kenya. The research was conducted in the form of a descriptive survey design with a mixed methods approach which combined qualitative research design and quantitative research technique. A sample of 649 Students, 16 secondary school head teachers, and 16 secondary school guidance and counseling officers from 4 provinces in Kenya was used to obtain data for the study. Random and purposive sampling techniques were used. Data was collected using questionnaires and structured interviews. Descriptive statistics such as mean, percentages, standard deviation, and frequencies was used to discuss the research findings. The study also used inferential statistics, particularly chi-square to test the significant statistical differences on the nature of conflict in schools, how students and teachers experience and perceive conflict in different categories of schools. From the findings, students witness conflict in form of theft, 51.7%, bullying, 29%, rumours and fights. Results from males and females indicate that drugs are abused in secondary schools (males (26.8%) and females (13.6%). All the respondents revealed that students take drugs to please their peers, and to release stress, and for adventure. On the effectiveness of conflict management programmes, a majority of students accept punishment when they break the school rules (80.0%) as they feel that punishments improve their behaviour. Most of the teachers had not had proper training in conflict management and some of them do not understand the role of peer mediation as they lack such programmes in their schools. The study concluded that failure to train teachers in conflict management skills, and to involve students in decision making causes conflict in schools. The study recommended that life skills, and peace keeping lessons should be taught in schools. In addition, head teachers and teachers should go for a refresher course in conflict management. Also, the study recommends that a comparative study should be done in a wider scope in secondary schools that experience conflict and those that do not, so as to get an insight of the suitable strategies needed to manage conflict in schools.
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