Papers by Adimoolam Chandrasekar
Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India, Jun 1, 2018
Thousands of communities migrate from their hinterlands in rural and tribal areas to urban city c... more Thousands of communities migrate from their hinterlands in rural and tribal areas to urban city centers mainly in search of employment. They are new to the city life style and environment and find it difficult to make adjustment with the changed situation and environment. They have to face a number of problems in the migrated place and also they are exploited both financially and sexually in the urban areas. The present is an attempt made to study the status De-Notified tribes (DNTs) Nomadic tribes (NTs) and migrated from different places and settled in rehabilitated settlement at Ekalavya Nagar of Mysore city. The study examined the reason of migration, change in life styles, impact of migration on social, religious and cultural norms, problems faced in the urban areas, educational situation, health condition and Programs implemented by Government and NGO's.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Sep 1, 2021
The absence of recombination, high rate of mutation, and maternal inheritance of the mitochondria... more The absence of recombination, high rate of mutation, and maternal inheritance of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome makes it a valuable tool in many fields including evolutionary anthropology, genetic genealogy, population history, and forensic science. The mtDNA genome can be separated into two parts: a large coding region and a smaller fragment called the control region or non-coding region that generally referred to as displacement loop (D loop). The mtDNA D-loop region was highly polymorphic and has proven a precious marker in forensic identification. The study aims to examine and suggests polymorphism of the HVRIII region as a power marker along with HVRI and HVRII in forensic investigations. Within the control region of the mtDNA genome, the sequences of hypervariable region III (HVR III) (nucleotide position 438-574) were obtained from 60 unrelated Muslims of Shrirangapattana town, located in Karnataka state of South India. The complete mtDNA control region was amplified and sequenced by the Sanger sequencing method. The study provided the identification of 18 different haplotypes and 17 polymorphic nucleotide positions. The most common haplotype (H.18) was consistent with the Anderson sequence which occurred fourteen times. The distribution of nucleotide substitutions, insertions, and deletions was computed and determined that transitions made up the majority of the variations (58%) in this region. The genetic diversity was estimated at 0.89939 and the random match probability at 0.1155. The power of discrimination was found to be 0.8844 and the rest of the statistical parameters such as the mean of pair-wise differences and nucleotide diversity were established as 2.255932 ± 1.25884 and 0.010071± 0.00623, respectively. Consequently, the discovery of high genetic, haplotype, and nucleotide diversity, and high power of discrimination impart the use of hypervariable region III (HVR III) as an important marker in forensic investigations.
Annals of Human Biology, Feb 17, 2019
Background: The phylogeny of major mitochondrial DNA haplogroups has played a key role in assessi... more Background: The phylogeny of major mitochondrial DNA haplogroups has played a key role in assessing the people of India through molecular genetics. Aim: To resolve the phylogeny and phylogeographic pattern of autochthonous haplogroup R with its descendant haplogroup U in the Urali Kuruman tribal population of Southern India. Subjects and methods: Complete mitogenome sequences of 40 individuals were amplified and sequenced using the Sanger sequencing method. Mutations were scored referring to the revised Cambridge reference sequence and phylogenetic trees were constructed using previously described sequences. Results: We identified novel sub-lineages of haplogroup R30-R30a1c1, and U1-U1a1c1d2, U1a1c1d2a. Urali Kurumans pooled ancestry with the native Iranians sharing the subhaplogroups R30a1c and U1a1c1d. The coalescence ages estimated for the subhaplogroup R30a1c dates ~9.4±3.5 Kya and for subclade U1a1c1d dates ~ 9.1±2.7 Kya Conclusion: The study revealed a genetic link between Iran and South Asia in the Neolithic time indicating bidirectional migration and admixture.
Egyptian journal of forensic sciences, Aug 25, 2018
Background: To evaluate the 514-524 (CA) n dinucleotide repeats/allele of the mtDNA hypervariable... more Background: To evaluate the 514-524 (CA) n dinucleotide repeats/allele of the mtDNA hypervariable region III in the Urali Kuruman tribe of Southern India. Blood samples were randomly collected from 100 healthy unrelated individuals, and complete mtDNA control region was amplified and sequenced by the Sanger sequencing method. Findings: The present study revealed the presence of nucleotide insertion and deletion of C and A (CA/AC) at position 514-524 in 86 samples. Insertion of 1AC (14%) and 2AC (20%) and deletion of 1CA (49%) and 2CA (3%) were detected. A statistical estimate for this population showed a genetic diversity of 0.6866 and random match probability of 0.3202, and the discrimination power calculated was 0.6798. Conclusion: This study will be beneficial for personal identification and in forensic investigation casework.
Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India, Jun 1, 2019
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences reveal maternal phylogeny to trace back the demographic histo... more Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences reveal maternal phylogeny to trace back the demographic histories to construct phylogeny of a population. In this study, we update the phylogeny of the autochthonous Indian-specific mtDNA haplogroup R8 to give regional relationships between the members of haplogroup R8 in India and neighbouring areas. A set of 31 complete mitogenomes sequences from a Melakudiya tribal population of Southern India revealed two subclades of R8-R8a and R8b clustered with other tribal and caste populations of India. The updated coalescence age of haplogroup R8 in South Asia is dated ~43.3 ± 8.1 Kya, subclades R8a and R8b are dated ~40.6 ± 8.8 Kya and 15.4 ± 4.3 Kya, respectively. This study updated the deep in situ distribution of Indian-specific R8 lineages and added new daughter branches to the previously described branches of the haplogroup R8 in India.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India, Section B: biological sciences, Jun 19, 2019
The aim of the study is to investigate the Y-chromosome unique event polymorphisms (UEPs), to kno... more The aim of the study is to investigate the Y-chromosome unique event polymorphisms (UEPs), to know the origin and past demographic history of paternal lineages, genetic relatedness, and admixtures in two tribal populations of Southern India. A total of 106 male samples from two Dravidian speaking tribal populations of Southern India: Urali Kuruman (n = 50) and Melakudiya (n = 56) were analyzed. A set of 30 bi-allelic UEP markers of the non-recombining region of the Y-chromosome was sequenced by the Sanger sequencing method. The phylogenetic analysis of the two populations revealed six Y-chromosome haplogroups: C, F*, H, K*, L*, and R2. The Urali Kuruman Y-chromosome lineage was predominantly of native origin clustering with other Dravidian tribes of the region, whereas the Melakudiya Y-chromosome lineage clustered with the people of Near East, and other Indo-European speakers of India.
International journal of public health research, Sep 1, 2014
Adi-Karnataka is one of the predominant Scheduled Caste of Karnataka state. The present study was... more Adi-Karnataka is one of the predominant Scheduled Caste of Karnataka state. The present study was carried out to assess nutritional status of Adi-karnataka community. 200 households were randomly selected for the study, and nine hundred ninety six (996) individuals were coveredfor anthropometric measurements. The extent of nutritional status was assessed by SD classification and BMI classification, about 9.6% of adi-karnataka population were underweight out of them 3.11% population were severely underweight. Stunting and wasting were seen in 8.32% of population in each category. Prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (BMI<18.5) was about 41% among population. The Adi- Karnataka population intake of all nutrients and there is no avoidance of any food items.
Asian Journal of Development Matters, 2014
Anaemia is the most widespread nutrition problem in the world and has predominance in developing ... more Anaemia is the most widespread nutrition problem in the world and has predominance in developing countries like India, particularly in children and women. The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anaemia and its correlation to variables such as age, gender and body mass index of Adi-karnataka women's of Mysore city. Adi-Karnataka is one of the predominant Scheduled Caste of Karnataka state. A total 523 women's are randomly selected in the age group of <10 to 90 years were included in this study. Blood was collected by finger prick and the haemoglobin was determined by cyanmethaemoglobin method. A preplanned questionnaire was used to collect the health details of the women's. Prevalence of anaemia as per the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended cut-off value of haemoglobin, among these women's was 55.8%. The frequency of the prevalence of anaemia was significantly higher amongst these population of women's. Results of the study population reveal that 55.8% (292) were anemic and normal were 44.1% (231), Therefore our study results suggest that the women's should bescreened periodically and appropriate measures should be taken.
Asian Journal of Development Matters, 2014
Anaemia is the most widespread nutrition problem in the world and has predominance in developing ... more Anaemia is the most widespread nutrition problem in the world and has predominance in developing countries like India, particularly in children and women. The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anaemia and its correlation to variables such as age, gender and body mass index of Adi-karnataka women's of Mysore city. Adi-Karnataka is one of the predominant Scheduled Caste of Karnataka state. A total 523 women's are randomly selected in the age group of <10 to 90 years were included in this study. Blood was collected by finger prick and the haemoglobin was determined by cyanmethaemoglobin method. A preplanned questionnaire was used to collect the health details of the women's. Prevalence of anaemia as per the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended cut-off value of haemoglobin, among these women's was 55.8%. The frequency of the prevalence of anaemia was significantly higher amongst these population of women's. Results of the study ...
International journal of public health research, 2014
Adi-Karnataka is one of the predominant Scheduled Caste of Karnataka state. The present study was... more Adi-Karnataka is one of the predominant Scheduled Caste of Karnataka state. The present study was carried out to assess nutritional status of Adi-karnataka community. 200 households were randomly selected for the study, and nine hundred ninety six (996) individuals were coveredfor anthropometric measurements. The extent of nutritional status was assessed by SD classification and BMI classification, about 9.6% of adi-karnataka population were underweight out of them 3.11% population were severely underweight. Stunting and wasting were seen in 8.32% of population in each category. Prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (BMI<18.5) was about 41% among population. The Adi- Karnataka population intake of all nutrients and there is no avoidance of any food items.
The Irular tribe is one the numerically dominant and second largest tribe in Tamil Nadu, with maj... more The Irular tribe is one the numerically dominant and second largest tribe in Tamil Nadu, with major concentration in erstwhile North Arcot, South Arcot and Chengalput districts. Their social organization is different from the Irular of Udagamandalam. They are traditionally honey collectors and snake catchers. The study was conducted in two sections of the Irular, distributed in four geographically adjacent districts namely, Vellore, Kanchepuram, Tiruvallur and Tiruvannamalai districts. Five villages were chosen from interior isolated areas and five villages from acculturated areas to assess the impact of modernization and acculturation on their health. General fertility rate of Irular in isolated area is in higher proportion (211) than that of the Irular of exposed areas (204). The crude death rate is very high (12.74) in isolated areas than exposed (2.21) areas. The Crude birth rate is more in isolated areas (48.83) than in exposed areas (46.46). Child women ratio is lower (366.97)...
Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2018
Background: To evaluate the 514-524 (CA) n dinucleotide repeats/allele of the mtDNA hypervariable... more Background: To evaluate the 514-524 (CA) n dinucleotide repeats/allele of the mtDNA hypervariable region III in the Urali Kuruman tribe of Southern India. Blood samples were randomly collected from 100 healthy unrelated individuals, and complete mtDNA control region was amplified and sequenced by the Sanger sequencing method. Findings: The present study revealed the presence of nucleotide insertion and deletion of C and A (CA/AC) at position 514-524 in 86 samples. Insertion of 1AC (14%) and 2AC (20%) and deletion of 1CA (49%) and 2CA (3%) were detected. A statistical estimate for this population showed a genetic diversity of 0.6866 and random match probability of 0.3202, and the discrimination power calculated was 0.6798. Conclusion: This study will be beneficial for personal identification and in forensic investigation casework.
International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, 2016
The performance of video automatic classification algorithm depends largely on the extraction of ... more The performance of video automatic classification algorithm depends largely on the extraction of video features and selection of classification algorithm. From the perspective of video contents and video style type, the paper presents a new feature representation scheme, i.e. MPEG-7 visual description sub-combination model, a new method based on support vector machine (SVM) to solve problems with existing algorithms, by analyzing visual differences between five types of videos. Also we improve the classifier decision scheme and then propose the secondary prediction mechanism based on SVM 1-1 approach, improving the accuracy of SVM multi-classification method. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method manifests differences of different videos about feature selection, enhances the discrimination ability of videos pending for classification and increases the effectiveness of SVM multi-video classification.
COMMUNICATION on CONTEMPORARY ANTHROPOLOGY, 2008
The recent paper by Shi et al. (2008) provided the most details for the ethnic features of Y chro... more The recent paper by Shi et al. (2008) provided the most details for the ethnic features of Y chromosome haplogroup D. The geographic distribution and age estimate for haplogroup D and its sub-clades helps in understanding the origin and migration processes of the early modern human in East Asia. Clades DE* and D* were found in Tibetan and Thai respectively. These findings make the search of the birth place of haplogroup D possible. Here we continued the discussion of Chandrasekar et al. (2007). The frequencies of haplogroup D in various populations of East Asia were collected from all the available literature. The analyses showed that the emergence of haplogroup D may be between India and Indochina. Clade D1 emerged subsequently when population move to the east. After clade D* diffused to the whole East Asia, it gave birth to clade D2 in Japan and clade D3 in Tibet independently.
Afro Asian Journal of Anthropology and Social Policy, 2014
ABSTRACT We studied dimorphism in blood pressure levels as well as the prevalence of hypertension... more ABSTRACT We studied dimorphism in blood pressure levels as well as the prevalence of hypertension among adult Savara tribals of village Munchingput Mandalam, Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. A cross-sectional study was used to collect data on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse rate. A total of 148 adults (95 males and 53 females) were measured and classified into three age-groups, i.e., Group I: 23–32 years, Group II: 33–42 years and Group III: &amp;gt;43 years. Negative significant sex difference in SBP among age group I (t = –2.409; p &amp;lt; 0.05) were observed. Positive significant sex difference in DBP among age group I (t = 2.545; p &amp;lt; 0.05) were also observed. Significant age group difference was noticed for SBP (F =4.332; p &amp;lt; 0.01) among males. Based on SBP the prevalence of prehypertension and stage I hypertension in males were 2.1% and 1.1%, respectively. Similarly, in females the prevalence of prehypertension and stage I hypertension based on SBP were 5.7% and 9.4%, respectively. On the basis of DBP the prevalence of prehypertension in males was 1.0%. Significant sex difference (x 2 = 7.691; p &amp;lt; 0.05) in prevalence of elevated blood pressure was observed. Thus we can conclude that females of this studied ethnic group are more prone to have prehypertension and stage-I hypertension than their male counterparts.
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Papers by Adimoolam Chandrasekar