Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 2021
Surface water protection and sustainability is a vital move to enhance public health and ensure f... more Surface water protection and sustainability is a vital move to enhance public health and ensure food and water security. Pathogen containing wastewater when discharged into water bodies, affects the water quality and poses health risks to the intended users. Even though various disinfection methods of domestic wastewater exist for pathogen control, much work has not been done to compare and ascertain the most effective method(s). A systematic literature review has therefore been conducted on the various available disinfection methods that have been evaluated in laboratory or on pilot scales or employed in full-scale wastewater treatment plants. Approximately 21% of the disinfection studies were conducted at full-scale. The technologies identified included advanced oxidation, microwave-induced electrodeless UV irradiation, ozonation and filtration, tin oxide anode, UV irradiation and peracetic acid. Generally, the combined technologies proved to be more effective than when used on their own. UV irradiation processes or their combination was the most frequently applied wastewater disinfectant method. Many of the disinfection processes proved effective in inactivating some of the pathogens and indicator organisms such as E. coli, total coliforms, C. perfringens, Enterococci and enteric viruses. Nearly all the disinfection methods were able to reduce E. coli and total coliforms.
Background The imaging findings of combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) may be simila... more Background The imaging findings of combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) may be similar to those of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CEUS LI-RADS may not perform well in distinguishing CHC from HCC. Studies have shown that radiomics has an excellent imaging analysis ability. This study aimed to establish and confirm an ultrasomics model for differentiating CHC from HCC. Methods Between 2004 and 2016, we retrospectively identified 53 eligible CHC patients and randomly included 106 eligible HCC patients with a ratio of HCC:CHC = 2:1, all of whom were categorized according to Contrast-Enhanced (CE) ultrasonography (US) Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) version 2017. The model based on ultrasomics features of CE US was developed in 74 HCC and 37 CHC and confirmed in 32 HCC and 16 CHC. The diagnostic performance of the LI-RADS or ultrasomics model was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Results In the entire and val...
Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch ge... more Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
Waste management service is inefficient in peri-urban and rural areas where biowaste is a major c... more Waste management service is inefficient in peri-urban and rural areas where biowaste is a major component of the household waste produced. Biowaste recycling using black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) at source can reduce the burden on the authorities and add economic value to a yet underutilized resource. This study evaluated the practicability of BSFL bin use at the household level to handle kitchen biowaste by placing three bins per house after 15 days interval of larval feeding. It was found that 50% of the households contacted cooperated well to continue the experiment. A set of instructions for handling BSFL bins based on reasons of agreement and disagreement was developed and shared. Key parameters to evaluate waste treatment performance and larval development were waste dry matter weight reduction (89.66%, SD 6.77%), volumetric reduction (81.3%, SD 4.8), final prepupal dry weight (69 mg/larvae, SD 7.1), biomass conversion rate (12.9%, SD 1.7), metabolism (77.3%, SD 6.0) and resid...
International Journal of Research and Review, 2021
People take medicines and vitamins to feel well and to stay well. However, any medicine, includin... more People take medicines and vitamins to feel well and to stay well. However, any medicine, including those we buy without a prescription, can cause harm if taken in the wrong way or by the wrong person. That too in case of pediatric population it has to be considered very much.Medicines stored incorrectly at home can pose a health risk. Adult cold medications and antibiotics were the most commonly stored drugs at home, followed by analgesics. The most popular location for storing drugs was the refrigerator (50.6 percent). The majority of people did not read the packaging inserts. Self-medication was reported by a large percentage of homeowners (53.6%), and antibiotics recommended by doctors were frequently reused. There was a link between self-medication and educational attainment, but not with age, sex, marital status, occupation, or insurance type. There is a need for more public awareness and information about the storage and risks of reusing prescription drugs. The study conducted...
Decision and policy makers in disaster management are compelled to look at alternative measures d... more Decision and policy makers in disaster management are compelled to look at alternative measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. They require integrated measures to both reduce the spread of COVID-19 and response to disasters. The measures to mitigate damage of disaster amid COVID-19 can become expensive and inefficient compared to single disaster responses, resulting in delays. Hence, a balance is crucial to successfully manage co-occurring disasters, and new holistic approaches are necessary to produce efficient responses during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2021
Olahraga futsal bukan hanya teknik dan taktik saja yang diperlukan, melainkan juga kondisi fisik ... more Olahraga futsal bukan hanya teknik dan taktik saja yang diperlukan, melainkan juga kondisi fisik yang baik. Demikian juga pada kegiatan ekstrakurikuler futsal putri SMA Negeri 2 Batu, kondisi fisik yang buruk akan berdampak terhadap penampilan teknik dan taktik peserta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kondisi fisik peserta ekstrakurikuler futsal putri SMA Negeri 2 Batu. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif menggunakan metode survei dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan pengukuran. Hasil keseluruhan kondisi fisik peserta ekstrakurikuler futsal putri SMA Negeri 2 Batu yaitu terdapat dua unsur yang menunjukkan kategori "Rata-rata" yaitu kelincahan dan kelentukan, sedangkan unsur daya tahan, kecepatan dan daya ledak menunjukkan kategori "Di bawah rata-rata" dan "kurang". Dari lima unsur kondisi fisik dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi fisik menunjukkan kategori "Cukup".
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2021
Abstract Sidestream digestate is a liquid effluent stream generated from the anaerobic sludge dig... more Abstract Sidestream digestate is a liquid effluent stream generated from the anaerobic sludge digestion process in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). It is rich in inorganic nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, and it requires further treatment in order to meet the stringent discharge/regulatory standards. It is usually treated through conventional activated sludge process (ASP) in the WWTPs. However, its direct recirculation to the WWTP imparts burden of excess nutrient removal on the biological treatment, i.e. in terms of the increased energy costs for aeration and it can pose a higher risk of eutrophication in the receiving water body. One alternative is the integration of photobioreactor (PBR) with ASP treatment for enhanced nitrogen removal from sidestream digestate. This paper critically reviewed the techno-economic feasibility of integrating a PBR with the ASP of a WWTP for sidestream digestate treatment. It is estimated that the integrated PBR-ASP process requires small land area and can achieve high nitrogen removal. Microalgae, owing to its high ability in nutrient cycling and biomass production, can effectively be used as biocatalysts for the treatment of sidestream digestate. Microalgae can assimilate nitrogen resulting in oxygen production by photosynthesis. The heterotrophic bacteria mineralise the pollutants present in wastewater, i.e. in the presence of oxygen, releasing carbon dioxide through bacterial respiration. The carbon dioxide is utilised by the microalgae to complete the photosynthetic cycle for wastewater treatment, thus decreasing the greenhouse emissions. The microalgae-bacterial treatment as compared to ASP can reduce more than 50% of the energy costs.
International Journal of Research and Review, 2021
Medication errors are therapeutic obstacles that have the potential to threaten the patient outco... more Medication errors are therapeutic obstacles that have the potential to threaten the patient outcomes and result in unexpected events. Home medication review (HMR) is a patient-focused process which advocates the optimal and quality use of medication at the patient’s home. It involves a systematic and detailed assessment of the patient’s medication in order to identify and meet the medication-related needs as well as to identify and prevent medication errors. The aim of this study is to identify the medication errors in paediatric population. The paediatric population is a vulnerable part of the community as they should be treated with utmost care due to their differing pharmacokinetic properties. This study is a community based prospective observational study including 150 paediatric participants. A specially designed data collection form will be used to collect the data from the patients who are eligible for the study. Several dosing and administration errors were also found in the...
Organic microcontaminants (OMCs) such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides and steroid hormones have gl... more Organic microcontaminants (OMCs) such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides and steroid hormones have global concerns due to their potential harmful effects on aquatic ecosystem and human health. This necessitates the effective removal of these contaminants from wastewater before its discharge into the environment. Ineffective removal of OMCs through conventional treatment processes such as activated sludge treatment and membrane bioreactors (MBRs) prompted the development of high retention membrane bioreactors (HRMBRs) which combine HRMs such as nanofiltration, forward osmosis or membrane distillation with an activated sludge process. The studies that are available on HRMBRs report better removal of up to 99% for OMCs and high quality effluent as compared to conventional activated sludge treatment and MBRs. This review summarises recent progress in the removal of OMCs from wastewater using HRMBRs. The removal mechanisms of OMCs by HRMs and HRMBRs are delineated. Future prospects of HRMBRs for enhancing OMCs removal from wastewater are also proposed. The mechanisms that are of primary concern for OMCs removal by HRMBR are membrane retention, sorption and biodegradation. HRMBRs can reclaim water with high OMCs removal and small foot print. HRMBRs not only achieve high rejection and prolong the retention time for biodegradation but also alleviate the greenhouse gas emission problem as these reactors are comparatively less energy intensive owing to natural osmotic phenomena.
Indian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 2018
Background: Spray painting poses health hazards that affect the respiratory system. During spray ... more Background: Spray painting poses health hazards that affect the respiratory system. During spray painting, workers are exposed to different paint components. Toluene diisocyanates, methylene diisocyanates, and hexamethylene diisocyanates are commonly used isocyanates in the spray painting. The major route of occupational exposure to isocyanates is the inhalation of the vapor or aerosol that can sensitize workers. The short- and long-term consequences of the respiratory system can be raised from these occupations. Hence, the aim and objective of this study were to find the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in automobile spray painters of Mumbai and to study the use of safety measures in automobile spray painters. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 50 automobile spray painters were selected based on inclusion criteria. The self-made validated questionnaire was used as an outcome measure. Results: About 90% of the automobile spray painters have reported respiratory symptoms in their occupation among which 88% had the most prevalent symptom of breathlessness followed by 84% workers had the symptom of coughing. Nearly 60% of workers were aware about the safety measures, but only 33% were using the safety measures during work. Conclusion: The study showed a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms. The lack of awareness and the use of safety measures had increased the severity of the symptoms.
Advances in Agriculture and Environmental Science: Open Access (AAEOA), 2018
Surface and groundwater sources are very much influenced by natural and manmade processes, result... more Surface and groundwater sources are very much influenced by natural and manmade processes, resulting in the raised levels of different impurities in drinking water. 14,15 Numerous pathogens along with
A 35-year-old patient presented with a 3-month history of gradually progressive proximal muscle w... more A 35-year-old patient presented with a 3-month history of gradually progressive proximal muscle weakness of all four limbs. He had no constitutional features and no evidence of associated connective tissue disorder. Initial evaluation revealed raised muscle enzymes along with MRI and EMG evidence of idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM). Subsequently, muscle biopsy showed presence of trichinella larvae confirming a diagnosis of trichinella inflammatory myopathy (TIM). He was managed with anthelmintics and oral steroids and attained a good clinical recovery.
Stainless steel structural sections possess several features that result in a significantly diffe... more Stainless steel structural sections possess several features that result in a significantly different response to that of equivalent carbon steel sections. To date these features have not been fully recognised in design codes, which have largely adapted rules devised for carbon steel in a rather simplistic fashion. Recently, a new approach for dealing with local buckling and the associated loss of effectiveness that does not utilise the concepts of either crosssectional classification or effective cross-sectional properties has been developed for stainless steel and has also been applied to other nonlinear metallic materials. The method is based directly on the deformation capacities of cross-sections and covers the behaviour of stainless steel members subjected to flexural buckling and combined axial load plus bending. The proposed method has been verified using test results and it performance has been compared against the existing ASCE and Eurocode design guidance for structural stainless steel. Significantly improved and more consistent predictions have been obtained using the proposed method without any extra calculation effort.
MODIS-based leaf area index (LAI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are used to e... more MODIS-based leaf area index (LAI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are used to examine detailed information regarding actual growing season and total annual production for various regions. Overall, MODIS LAI has larger variability and demonstrates more information regarding the evolution and structure of the seasonal vegetation characteristics. In contrast, the NDVI saturates around 0.7 and tends to overestimate the growing season in regions where it is already long. Next, a climatic impact index (CII) is derived to provide additional information regarding the potential sensitivity of vegetation to changes in climatic variables by accounting for the length of growing season. By normalizing the growth rate to the biome-average growth rate, this index can identify fractional loss of annual production, as opposed to the absolute loss which may be strongly weighted by the overall growth rate for different ecosystems. Our index provides a quantitative framework for assessing the importance of the length of the growing season in determining climatic vulnerability. In the last part of the paper, we use the long time series AVHRR products as a substitute for the MODIS products and test the temporal characteristics of the CII. Major drought events are well-captured by the CII, suggesting potential use as a monitoring and evaluation tool. Furthermore, the strong positive correlation between the CII and the vegetation condition index (VCI) suggests that the CII can quantitatively identify the effects of climatic variability upon vegetation activity.
Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch ge... more Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 2021
Surface water protection and sustainability is a vital move to enhance public health and ensure f... more Surface water protection and sustainability is a vital move to enhance public health and ensure food and water security. Pathogen containing wastewater when discharged into water bodies, affects the water quality and poses health risks to the intended users. Even though various disinfection methods of domestic wastewater exist for pathogen control, much work has not been done to compare and ascertain the most effective method(s). A systematic literature review has therefore been conducted on the various available disinfection methods that have been evaluated in laboratory or on pilot scales or employed in full-scale wastewater treatment plants. Approximately 21% of the disinfection studies were conducted at full-scale. The technologies identified included advanced oxidation, microwave-induced electrodeless UV irradiation, ozonation and filtration, tin oxide anode, UV irradiation and peracetic acid. Generally, the combined technologies proved to be more effective than when used on their own. UV irradiation processes or their combination was the most frequently applied wastewater disinfectant method. Many of the disinfection processes proved effective in inactivating some of the pathogens and indicator organisms such as E. coli, total coliforms, C. perfringens, Enterococci and enteric viruses. Nearly all the disinfection methods were able to reduce E. coli and total coliforms.
Background The imaging findings of combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) may be simila... more Background The imaging findings of combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) may be similar to those of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CEUS LI-RADS may not perform well in distinguishing CHC from HCC. Studies have shown that radiomics has an excellent imaging analysis ability. This study aimed to establish and confirm an ultrasomics model for differentiating CHC from HCC. Methods Between 2004 and 2016, we retrospectively identified 53 eligible CHC patients and randomly included 106 eligible HCC patients with a ratio of HCC:CHC = 2:1, all of whom were categorized according to Contrast-Enhanced (CE) ultrasonography (US) Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) version 2017. The model based on ultrasomics features of CE US was developed in 74 HCC and 37 CHC and confirmed in 32 HCC and 16 CHC. The diagnostic performance of the LI-RADS or ultrasomics model was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Results In the entire and val...
Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch ge... more Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
Waste management service is inefficient in peri-urban and rural areas where biowaste is a major c... more Waste management service is inefficient in peri-urban and rural areas where biowaste is a major component of the household waste produced. Biowaste recycling using black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) at source can reduce the burden on the authorities and add economic value to a yet underutilized resource. This study evaluated the practicability of BSFL bin use at the household level to handle kitchen biowaste by placing three bins per house after 15 days interval of larval feeding. It was found that 50% of the households contacted cooperated well to continue the experiment. A set of instructions for handling BSFL bins based on reasons of agreement and disagreement was developed and shared. Key parameters to evaluate waste treatment performance and larval development were waste dry matter weight reduction (89.66%, SD 6.77%), volumetric reduction (81.3%, SD 4.8), final prepupal dry weight (69 mg/larvae, SD 7.1), biomass conversion rate (12.9%, SD 1.7), metabolism (77.3%, SD 6.0) and resid...
International Journal of Research and Review, 2021
People take medicines and vitamins to feel well and to stay well. However, any medicine, includin... more People take medicines and vitamins to feel well and to stay well. However, any medicine, including those we buy without a prescription, can cause harm if taken in the wrong way or by the wrong person. That too in case of pediatric population it has to be considered very much.Medicines stored incorrectly at home can pose a health risk. Adult cold medications and antibiotics were the most commonly stored drugs at home, followed by analgesics. The most popular location for storing drugs was the refrigerator (50.6 percent). The majority of people did not read the packaging inserts. Self-medication was reported by a large percentage of homeowners (53.6%), and antibiotics recommended by doctors were frequently reused. There was a link between self-medication and educational attainment, but not with age, sex, marital status, occupation, or insurance type. There is a need for more public awareness and information about the storage and risks of reusing prescription drugs. The study conducted...
Decision and policy makers in disaster management are compelled to look at alternative measures d... more Decision and policy makers in disaster management are compelled to look at alternative measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. They require integrated measures to both reduce the spread of COVID-19 and response to disasters. The measures to mitigate damage of disaster amid COVID-19 can become expensive and inefficient compared to single disaster responses, resulting in delays. Hence, a balance is crucial to successfully manage co-occurring disasters, and new holistic approaches are necessary to produce efficient responses during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2021
Olahraga futsal bukan hanya teknik dan taktik saja yang diperlukan, melainkan juga kondisi fisik ... more Olahraga futsal bukan hanya teknik dan taktik saja yang diperlukan, melainkan juga kondisi fisik yang baik. Demikian juga pada kegiatan ekstrakurikuler futsal putri SMA Negeri 2 Batu, kondisi fisik yang buruk akan berdampak terhadap penampilan teknik dan taktik peserta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kondisi fisik peserta ekstrakurikuler futsal putri SMA Negeri 2 Batu. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif menggunakan metode survei dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan pengukuran. Hasil keseluruhan kondisi fisik peserta ekstrakurikuler futsal putri SMA Negeri 2 Batu yaitu terdapat dua unsur yang menunjukkan kategori "Rata-rata" yaitu kelincahan dan kelentukan, sedangkan unsur daya tahan, kecepatan dan daya ledak menunjukkan kategori "Di bawah rata-rata" dan "kurang". Dari lima unsur kondisi fisik dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi fisik menunjukkan kategori "Cukup".
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2021
Abstract Sidestream digestate is a liquid effluent stream generated from the anaerobic sludge dig... more Abstract Sidestream digestate is a liquid effluent stream generated from the anaerobic sludge digestion process in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). It is rich in inorganic nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, and it requires further treatment in order to meet the stringent discharge/regulatory standards. It is usually treated through conventional activated sludge process (ASP) in the WWTPs. However, its direct recirculation to the WWTP imparts burden of excess nutrient removal on the biological treatment, i.e. in terms of the increased energy costs for aeration and it can pose a higher risk of eutrophication in the receiving water body. One alternative is the integration of photobioreactor (PBR) with ASP treatment for enhanced nitrogen removal from sidestream digestate. This paper critically reviewed the techno-economic feasibility of integrating a PBR with the ASP of a WWTP for sidestream digestate treatment. It is estimated that the integrated PBR-ASP process requires small land area and can achieve high nitrogen removal. Microalgae, owing to its high ability in nutrient cycling and biomass production, can effectively be used as biocatalysts for the treatment of sidestream digestate. Microalgae can assimilate nitrogen resulting in oxygen production by photosynthesis. The heterotrophic bacteria mineralise the pollutants present in wastewater, i.e. in the presence of oxygen, releasing carbon dioxide through bacterial respiration. The carbon dioxide is utilised by the microalgae to complete the photosynthetic cycle for wastewater treatment, thus decreasing the greenhouse emissions. The microalgae-bacterial treatment as compared to ASP can reduce more than 50% of the energy costs.
International Journal of Research and Review, 2021
Medication errors are therapeutic obstacles that have the potential to threaten the patient outco... more Medication errors are therapeutic obstacles that have the potential to threaten the patient outcomes and result in unexpected events. Home medication review (HMR) is a patient-focused process which advocates the optimal and quality use of medication at the patient’s home. It involves a systematic and detailed assessment of the patient’s medication in order to identify and meet the medication-related needs as well as to identify and prevent medication errors. The aim of this study is to identify the medication errors in paediatric population. The paediatric population is a vulnerable part of the community as they should be treated with utmost care due to their differing pharmacokinetic properties. This study is a community based prospective observational study including 150 paediatric participants. A specially designed data collection form will be used to collect the data from the patients who are eligible for the study. Several dosing and administration errors were also found in the...
Organic microcontaminants (OMCs) such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides and steroid hormones have gl... more Organic microcontaminants (OMCs) such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides and steroid hormones have global concerns due to their potential harmful effects on aquatic ecosystem and human health. This necessitates the effective removal of these contaminants from wastewater before its discharge into the environment. Ineffective removal of OMCs through conventional treatment processes such as activated sludge treatment and membrane bioreactors (MBRs) prompted the development of high retention membrane bioreactors (HRMBRs) which combine HRMs such as nanofiltration, forward osmosis or membrane distillation with an activated sludge process. The studies that are available on HRMBRs report better removal of up to 99% for OMCs and high quality effluent as compared to conventional activated sludge treatment and MBRs. This review summarises recent progress in the removal of OMCs from wastewater using HRMBRs. The removal mechanisms of OMCs by HRMs and HRMBRs are delineated. Future prospects of HRMBRs for enhancing OMCs removal from wastewater are also proposed. The mechanisms that are of primary concern for OMCs removal by HRMBR are membrane retention, sorption and biodegradation. HRMBRs can reclaim water with high OMCs removal and small foot print. HRMBRs not only achieve high rejection and prolong the retention time for biodegradation but also alleviate the greenhouse gas emission problem as these reactors are comparatively less energy intensive owing to natural osmotic phenomena.
Indian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 2018
Background: Spray painting poses health hazards that affect the respiratory system. During spray ... more Background: Spray painting poses health hazards that affect the respiratory system. During spray painting, workers are exposed to different paint components. Toluene diisocyanates, methylene diisocyanates, and hexamethylene diisocyanates are commonly used isocyanates in the spray painting. The major route of occupational exposure to isocyanates is the inhalation of the vapor or aerosol that can sensitize workers. The short- and long-term consequences of the respiratory system can be raised from these occupations. Hence, the aim and objective of this study were to find the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in automobile spray painters of Mumbai and to study the use of safety measures in automobile spray painters. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 50 automobile spray painters were selected based on inclusion criteria. The self-made validated questionnaire was used as an outcome measure. Results: About 90% of the automobile spray painters have reported respiratory symptoms in their occupation among which 88% had the most prevalent symptom of breathlessness followed by 84% workers had the symptom of coughing. Nearly 60% of workers were aware about the safety measures, but only 33% were using the safety measures during work. Conclusion: The study showed a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms. The lack of awareness and the use of safety measures had increased the severity of the symptoms.
Advances in Agriculture and Environmental Science: Open Access (AAEOA), 2018
Surface and groundwater sources are very much influenced by natural and manmade processes, result... more Surface and groundwater sources are very much influenced by natural and manmade processes, resulting in the raised levels of different impurities in drinking water. 14,15 Numerous pathogens along with
A 35-year-old patient presented with a 3-month history of gradually progressive proximal muscle w... more A 35-year-old patient presented with a 3-month history of gradually progressive proximal muscle weakness of all four limbs. He had no constitutional features and no evidence of associated connective tissue disorder. Initial evaluation revealed raised muscle enzymes along with MRI and EMG evidence of idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM). Subsequently, muscle biopsy showed presence of trichinella larvae confirming a diagnosis of trichinella inflammatory myopathy (TIM). He was managed with anthelmintics and oral steroids and attained a good clinical recovery.
Stainless steel structural sections possess several features that result in a significantly diffe... more Stainless steel structural sections possess several features that result in a significantly different response to that of equivalent carbon steel sections. To date these features have not been fully recognised in design codes, which have largely adapted rules devised for carbon steel in a rather simplistic fashion. Recently, a new approach for dealing with local buckling and the associated loss of effectiveness that does not utilise the concepts of either crosssectional classification or effective cross-sectional properties has been developed for stainless steel and has also been applied to other nonlinear metallic materials. The method is based directly on the deformation capacities of cross-sections and covers the behaviour of stainless steel members subjected to flexural buckling and combined axial load plus bending. The proposed method has been verified using test results and it performance has been compared against the existing ASCE and Eurocode design guidance for structural stainless steel. Significantly improved and more consistent predictions have been obtained using the proposed method without any extra calculation effort.
MODIS-based leaf area index (LAI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are used to e... more MODIS-based leaf area index (LAI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are used to examine detailed information regarding actual growing season and total annual production for various regions. Overall, MODIS LAI has larger variability and demonstrates more information regarding the evolution and structure of the seasonal vegetation characteristics. In contrast, the NDVI saturates around 0.7 and tends to overestimate the growing season in regions where it is already long. Next, a climatic impact index (CII) is derived to provide additional information regarding the potential sensitivity of vegetation to changes in climatic variables by accounting for the length of growing season. By normalizing the growth rate to the biome-average growth rate, this index can identify fractional loss of annual production, as opposed to the absolute loss which may be strongly weighted by the overall growth rate for different ecosystems. Our index provides a quantitative framework for assessing the importance of the length of the growing season in determining climatic vulnerability. In the last part of the paper, we use the long time series AVHRR products as a substitute for the MODIS products and test the temporal characteristics of the CII. Major drought events are well-captured by the CII, suggesting potential use as a monitoring and evaluation tool. Furthermore, the strong positive correlation between the CII and the vegetation condition index (VCI) suggests that the CII can quantitatively identify the effects of climatic variability upon vegetation activity.
Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch ge... more Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
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Papers by Adil Ashraf