Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 2003. Includes bibliographical references (leaves ... more Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 2003. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-207). Photocopy.
This research, inspired by the cognitive interviewing literature, investigates misreporting of in... more This research, inspired by the cognitive interviewing literature, investigates misreporting of intimate partner violence when survey participants interpret items in unintended ways. In over 23 per cent of victimizations reported by university-aged males and in over 12 per cent of victimizations reported by females, follow-up questions revealed that purported violence was either accidental or done in a manner where neither partner took the event seriously. The problem was worse for perpetration reports where over 47 per cent of male reports and over 17 per cent of female reports were endorsed in a manner unintended by instrument design. The magnitude of the problem, together with its gendered nature, suggests that misreporting of this type is a substantial problem having the potential to negatively affect the testing of partner-violence theories.
Mode of access: World Wide Web. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 2003. The full tex... more Mode of access: World Wide Web. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 2003. The full text of the dissertation is available as a Adobe Acrobat .pdf file (217 p.) ; Adobe Acrobat Reader required to view the file.
This study investigates whether individual-and area-level factors explain variation in the reside... more This study investigates whether individual-and area-level factors explain variation in the residence-to-crime distances (RC distance) for 10 offense types.
Our research examined the association between intimate partner violence and relationship satisfac... more Our research examined the association between intimate partner violence and relationship satisfaction among victims. The negative association between victimization and relationship satisfaction was substantially stronger for females than for males. Comparisons between respondents reporting about same-sex relationships with those reporting about opposite-sex relationships provided evidence that the amplified victimization/satisfaction association among female victims is a victim-gender effect rather than an actor-gender effect. In other words, our findings suggest that aggression harms the quality of the intimate partnerships of females much more so than the partnerships of males regardless of whether a male or a female is the perpetrator. We supplemented dialogue about the direct implications of our findings with discussions about how these results may raise conceptual questions about the adequacy of the instruments scholars use to study partner aggression.
We analyzed data from the National Crime Victimization Survey to test whether individuals from di... more We analyzed data from the National Crime Victimization Survey to test whether individuals from different ethnic groups differentially notify the police after incidents of partner violence. After finding that minority groups notified the police about intimate partner violence (IPV) events more than non-minorities, we found that socioeconomic status differences between minorities and non-minorities explained a statistically significant proportion of the reasons underlying the differences in notification. We suggest that the pattern of our results supports a structural perspective and has potential implications about the subjective and objective efficacy of police involvement in IPV.
We examined the frequency of domestic violence and verbal altercations relative to the level of d... more We examined the frequency of domestic violence and verbal altercations relative to the level of domestic conflict using survey data from the United States and Korea. We found evidence that individuals are generally less likely to use violence during an altercation if the antagonist is a family member than if the antagonist is a stranger. People apparently have stronger inhibitions about hitting family members than about hitting strangers, and, as a result, domestic violence is infrequent relative to the level of domestic conflict. In addition, verbal altercations are more likely to occur in conflicts with partners and children than in conflicts involving strangers, suggesting that the relaxation of rules of politeness contributes to the expression of grievances and ultimately the use of violence in these relationships.
In prior research, found that intimate partner violence (IPV) affects the relationship satisfacti... more In prior research, found that intimate partner violence (IPV) affects the relationship satisfaction of females more than the relationship satisfaction of males. The current research replicated those findings on a different sample of men and women. In addition to confirming past findings, it also found that gendered patterns in IPV differed substantially for current versus former relationships. Subsequent analyses indicated that gendered differences in whether relationships are continued or terminated after IPV apparently explained these patterns. The current analyses illustrate how relationship continuation differences across gender can produce sample selection biases that substantially affect conclusions about whether partner violence is perpetrated equally by men and women. More specifically, the results of this research are consistent with the conclusion that female IPV victims are more likely than are male victims to become dissatisfied with aggressive opposite-sex partnerships and subsequently terminate their aggressive relationships. For this reason, research that relies only upon the analysis of current relationships will underestimate the amount of partner violence committed by men.
We wish to thank Steve Messner and Robin Shepard Engel for their comments on an earlier draft of ... more We wish to thank Steve Messner and Robin Shepard Engel for their comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript.
We use the National Crime Victimization Survey to examine whether domestic violence is less likel... more We use the National Crime Victimization Survey to examine whether domestic violence is less likely to be repeated if it is reported to the police and if the offender is arrested. Our longitudinal analyses suggest that reporting has a fairly strong deterrent effect, whereas the effect of arrest is small and statistically insignificant. We find no support for the hypothesis that offenders retaliate when victims (rather than third parties) call the police or when victims sign complaints. We also find no evidence that the effects of reporting or arrest depend on the seriousness of the offense, a history of violence by the offender or sociodemographic characteristics. Our results suggest that the best policies for deterrence will be those that encourage victims and third parties to report violence by intimate partners to the police.
Applying Dickey-Fuller time series techniques in tandem with intuitive plot-displays, we examine ... more Applying Dickey-Fuller time series techniques in tandem with intuitive plot-displays, we examine recent trends in girls' violence and the gender gap as reported in four major sources of longitudinal data on youth violence. These sources are arrest statistics of the Uniform Crime Reports,victimization data of the National Crime Victimization Survey (where the victim identifies sex of offender) and self-reported violent behavior of Monitoring the Future and National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. We find that the rise in girls' violence over the past one to two decades as counted in police arrest data from the Uniform Crime Reports is not borne out in unofficial longitudinal sources. Several net-widening policy shifts have apparently escalated girls' arrest-proneness: first, stretching definitions of violence to include more minor incidents that girls in relative terms are more likely to commit; second, increased policing of violence between intimates and in private settings (for example, home, school) where girls' violence is more widespread; and, third, less tolerant family and societal attitudes toward juvenile females. These developments reflect both a growing intolerance
... by Tara M. Emmers-Sommer , Mike Allen , John Bourhis , Erin Sahlstein , Kara Laskowski , Wend... more ... by Tara M. Emmers-Sommer , Mike Allen , John Bourhis , Erin Sahlstein , Kara Laskowski , Wendy L. Falato , Jeff Ackerman , Marian Erian , Doreen ... TABLE 1 Description of Available Studies *Giannini, 1986--12 rapists were compared to 12 male controls in ability to correctly ...
The authors examine 1980 to 2003 trends in female-to-male interpersonal violence reported in Unif... more The authors examine 1980 to 2003 trends in female-to-male interpersonal violence reported in Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) arrest statistics and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) victimization data. Augmented Dickey-Fuller time-series techniques and intuitive plot displays show much overlap yet differences in each source's portrayal of trends in female violence levels and the gender gap. Both sources show little or no change in the gender gap for homicide and rape/sexual assault, whereas UCR police counts show a sharp rise in female-to-male arrests for criminal assault during the past one to two decades-but that rise is not borne out in NCVS counts. Net-widening policy shifts have apparently escalated the arrest proneness of females for "criminal assault" (e.g., policing physical attacks/threats of marginal seriousness that women in relative terms are more likely to commit); rather than women having become any more violent, official data increasingly mask differences in violent offending by men and women.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 2003. Includes bibliographical references (leaves ... more Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 2003. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-207). Photocopy.
This research, inspired by the cognitive interviewing literature, investigates misreporting of in... more This research, inspired by the cognitive interviewing literature, investigates misreporting of intimate partner violence when survey participants interpret items in unintended ways. In over 23 per cent of victimizations reported by university-aged males and in over 12 per cent of victimizations reported by females, follow-up questions revealed that purported violence was either accidental or done in a manner where neither partner took the event seriously. The problem was worse for perpetration reports where over 47 per cent of male reports and over 17 per cent of female reports were endorsed in a manner unintended by instrument design. The magnitude of the problem, together with its gendered nature, suggests that misreporting of this type is a substantial problem having the potential to negatively affect the testing of partner-violence theories.
Mode of access: World Wide Web. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 2003. The full tex... more Mode of access: World Wide Web. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 2003. The full text of the dissertation is available as a Adobe Acrobat .pdf file (217 p.) ; Adobe Acrobat Reader required to view the file.
This study investigates whether individual-and area-level factors explain variation in the reside... more This study investigates whether individual-and area-level factors explain variation in the residence-to-crime distances (RC distance) for 10 offense types.
Our research examined the association between intimate partner violence and relationship satisfac... more Our research examined the association between intimate partner violence and relationship satisfaction among victims. The negative association between victimization and relationship satisfaction was substantially stronger for females than for males. Comparisons between respondents reporting about same-sex relationships with those reporting about opposite-sex relationships provided evidence that the amplified victimization/satisfaction association among female victims is a victim-gender effect rather than an actor-gender effect. In other words, our findings suggest that aggression harms the quality of the intimate partnerships of females much more so than the partnerships of males regardless of whether a male or a female is the perpetrator. We supplemented dialogue about the direct implications of our findings with discussions about how these results may raise conceptual questions about the adequacy of the instruments scholars use to study partner aggression.
We analyzed data from the National Crime Victimization Survey to test whether individuals from di... more We analyzed data from the National Crime Victimization Survey to test whether individuals from different ethnic groups differentially notify the police after incidents of partner violence. After finding that minority groups notified the police about intimate partner violence (IPV) events more than non-minorities, we found that socioeconomic status differences between minorities and non-minorities explained a statistically significant proportion of the reasons underlying the differences in notification. We suggest that the pattern of our results supports a structural perspective and has potential implications about the subjective and objective efficacy of police involvement in IPV.
We examined the frequency of domestic violence and verbal altercations relative to the level of d... more We examined the frequency of domestic violence and verbal altercations relative to the level of domestic conflict using survey data from the United States and Korea. We found evidence that individuals are generally less likely to use violence during an altercation if the antagonist is a family member than if the antagonist is a stranger. People apparently have stronger inhibitions about hitting family members than about hitting strangers, and, as a result, domestic violence is infrequent relative to the level of domestic conflict. In addition, verbal altercations are more likely to occur in conflicts with partners and children than in conflicts involving strangers, suggesting that the relaxation of rules of politeness contributes to the expression of grievances and ultimately the use of violence in these relationships.
In prior research, found that intimate partner violence (IPV) affects the relationship satisfacti... more In prior research, found that intimate partner violence (IPV) affects the relationship satisfaction of females more than the relationship satisfaction of males. The current research replicated those findings on a different sample of men and women. In addition to confirming past findings, it also found that gendered patterns in IPV differed substantially for current versus former relationships. Subsequent analyses indicated that gendered differences in whether relationships are continued or terminated after IPV apparently explained these patterns. The current analyses illustrate how relationship continuation differences across gender can produce sample selection biases that substantially affect conclusions about whether partner violence is perpetrated equally by men and women. More specifically, the results of this research are consistent with the conclusion that female IPV victims are more likely than are male victims to become dissatisfied with aggressive opposite-sex partnerships and subsequently terminate their aggressive relationships. For this reason, research that relies only upon the analysis of current relationships will underestimate the amount of partner violence committed by men.
We wish to thank Steve Messner and Robin Shepard Engel for their comments on an earlier draft of ... more We wish to thank Steve Messner and Robin Shepard Engel for their comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript.
We use the National Crime Victimization Survey to examine whether domestic violence is less likel... more We use the National Crime Victimization Survey to examine whether domestic violence is less likely to be repeated if it is reported to the police and if the offender is arrested. Our longitudinal analyses suggest that reporting has a fairly strong deterrent effect, whereas the effect of arrest is small and statistically insignificant. We find no support for the hypothesis that offenders retaliate when victims (rather than third parties) call the police or when victims sign complaints. We also find no evidence that the effects of reporting or arrest depend on the seriousness of the offense, a history of violence by the offender or sociodemographic characteristics. Our results suggest that the best policies for deterrence will be those that encourage victims and third parties to report violence by intimate partners to the police.
Applying Dickey-Fuller time series techniques in tandem with intuitive plot-displays, we examine ... more Applying Dickey-Fuller time series techniques in tandem with intuitive plot-displays, we examine recent trends in girls' violence and the gender gap as reported in four major sources of longitudinal data on youth violence. These sources are arrest statistics of the Uniform Crime Reports,victimization data of the National Crime Victimization Survey (where the victim identifies sex of offender) and self-reported violent behavior of Monitoring the Future and National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. We find that the rise in girls' violence over the past one to two decades as counted in police arrest data from the Uniform Crime Reports is not borne out in unofficial longitudinal sources. Several net-widening policy shifts have apparently escalated girls' arrest-proneness: first, stretching definitions of violence to include more minor incidents that girls in relative terms are more likely to commit; second, increased policing of violence between intimates and in private settings (for example, home, school) where girls' violence is more widespread; and, third, less tolerant family and societal attitudes toward juvenile females. These developments reflect both a growing intolerance
... by Tara M. Emmers-Sommer , Mike Allen , John Bourhis , Erin Sahlstein , Kara Laskowski , Wend... more ... by Tara M. Emmers-Sommer , Mike Allen , John Bourhis , Erin Sahlstein , Kara Laskowski , Wendy L. Falato , Jeff Ackerman , Marian Erian , Doreen ... TABLE 1 Description of Available Studies *Giannini, 1986--12 rapists were compared to 12 male controls in ability to correctly ...
The authors examine 1980 to 2003 trends in female-to-male interpersonal violence reported in Unif... more The authors examine 1980 to 2003 trends in female-to-male interpersonal violence reported in Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) arrest statistics and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) victimization data. Augmented Dickey-Fuller time-series techniques and intuitive plot displays show much overlap yet differences in each source's portrayal of trends in female violence levels and the gender gap. Both sources show little or no change in the gender gap for homicide and rape/sexual assault, whereas UCR police counts show a sharp rise in female-to-male arrests for criminal assault during the past one to two decades-but that rise is not borne out in NCVS counts. Net-widening policy shifts have apparently escalated the arrest proneness of females for "criminal assault" (e.g., policing physical attacks/threats of marginal seriousness that women in relative terms are more likely to commit); rather than women having become any more violent, official data increasingly mask differences in violent offending by men and women.
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