Papers by Abdolreza Babamahmoodi
IntroductIon Any organ can be affected by tuberculosis (TB), but the breast is an uncommon site. ... more IntroductIon Any organ can be affected by tuberculosis (TB), but the breast is an uncommon site. [1] Studies have shown that breast is involved in 0.6%-3.6% of all cases of TB and chest wall TB accounts for 1%-5% of all cases of extrapulmonary TB. In developed countries, breast TB is the cause of <0.1% of all breast diseases, but in developing countries, 0.3%-0.5% of breast lesions are caused by TB. [2] Although breast TB is relatively rare in the 21 st century, awareness of this disease, which is often confused with breast cancer, is essential because most patients, despite presenting as a mass and with a malignant appearance, require nonsurgical management. [3] Unfortunately, breast TB does not have a pathogenomic characteristic and there are limited studies in the medical literature regarding its clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, and outcome. Considering that the characteristics of infectious diseases may be varied in different regions, national and local epidemiological studies can be important. [4] In this article, we review this disease in the cases reported from Iran in more than two decades. Methods We reviewed the literature for articles about breast TB from Iran in the period of 2000-2023. First, the keywords were determined: "breast tuberculosis," "tuberculous mastitis," "TB mastitis," "mamillary tuberculosis," and "Iran." Then, international databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) and also Iranian resources (Irandoc, SID, ISC, Magiran, CIVILICA, and Elmnet) were searched with keywords and case reports and case series studies of breast TB from Iran Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern and kills millions of people every year. While TB can affect any organ in the body, breast TB is relatively uncommon. This study presents a comprehensive review of literature spanning 23 years, with a focus on cases of breast TB in Iran. Among the 96 cases found, the majority (89.6%) fell within the age range of 20-60, with a striking prevalence among women (98.9%). Common symptoms included pain and palpable mass, each presenting in approximately 60.4% of cases. Notably, only a quarter of patients had a confirmed history of exposure to a known TB case. Left breast involvement was more prevalent (58.3%), with ipsilateral lymph node enlargement observed in 40.6% of cases. Given the clinical presentation of breast TB, which often leads to misdiagnosis, a significant proportion of cases (68.7%) were diagnosed through excisional biopsy. Following a standard 6-month regimen of anti-TB drugs, relapse occurred in only 4.2% of cases. This study highlights the need for heightened awareness and vigilance in diagnosing breast TB, especially in regions with a high burden. Although breast TB poses diagnostic challenges, with prompt identification and treatment, the prognosis is generally favorable, with a low incidence of relapse.
Any organ can be affected by tuberculosis (TB), but the breast is an uncommon site. Studies have ... more Any organ can be affected by tuberculosis (TB), but the breast is an uncommon site. Studies have shown that breast is involved in 0.6%-3.6% of all cases of TB and chest wall TB accounts for 1%-5% of all cases of extrapulmonary TB. In developed countries, breast TB is the cause of <0.1% of all breast diseases, but in developing countries, 0.3%-0.5% of breast lesions are caused by TB. Although breast TB is relatively rare in the 21 st century, awareness of this disease, which is often confused with breast cancer, is essential because most patients, despite presenting as a mass and with a malignant appearance, require nonsurgical management. Unfortunately, breast TB does not have a pathogenomic characteristic and there are limited studies in the medical literature regarding its clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, and outcome. Considering that the characteristics of infectious diseases may be varied in different regions, national and local epidemiological studies can be important. In this article, we review this disease in the cases reported from Iran in more than two decades. We reviewed the literature for articles about breast TB from Iran in the period of 2000-2023. First, the keywords were determined: "breast tuberculosis," "tuberculous mastitis," "TB mastitis," "mamillary tuberculosis," and "Iran." Then, international databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) and also Iranian resources (Irandoc, SID, ISC, Magiran, CIVILICA, and Elmnet) were searched with keywords and case reports and case series studies of breast TB from Iran Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern and kills millions of people every year. While TB can affect any organ in the body, breast TB is relatively uncommon. This study presents a comprehensive review of literature spanning 23 years, with a focus on cases of breast TB in Iran. Among the 96 cases found, the majority (89.6%) fell within the age range of 20-60, with a striking prevalence among women (98.9%). Common symptoms included pain and palpable mass, each presenting in approximately 60.4% of cases. Notably, only a quarter of patients had a confirmed history of exposure to a known TB case. Left breast involvement was more prevalent (58.3%), with ipsilateral lymph node enlargement observed in 40.6% of cases. Given the clinical presentation of breast TB, which often leads to misdiagnosis, a significant proportion of cases (68.7%) were diagnosed through excisional biopsy. Following a standard 6-month regimen of anti-TB drugs, relapse occurred in only 4.2% of cases. This study highlights the need for heightened awareness and vigilance in diagnosing breast TB, especially in regions with a high burden. Although breast TB poses diagnostic challenges, with prompt identification and treatment, the prognosis is generally favorable, with a low incidence of relapse.
Infectious disorders. Drug targets, Jun 27, 2024
Iranian Journal of Public Health, Nov 11, 2023
PubMed, 2022
Background: The most common causes of immunodeficiency are iatrogenic and the result of the wides... more Background: The most common causes of immunodeficiency are iatrogenic and the result of the widespread use of therapies which modulates the immune system, whether they are planned or haphazardly. Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal disease which is usually secondary to immunosuppression, diabetic ketoacidosis, and long-term use of antibiotics, corticosteroids, and cytotoxic drugs. There are researches which show patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially severely ill or immunocompromised, are more likely to suffer from invasive fungal infections. Patients with diabetes are at a higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes. However, there has been no clear evidence on the relationship between pre-diabetes state and mucormycosis as a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection so far. Case presentation: Here, we report a case of sino-orbital mucormycosis in a pre-diabetic 54-year-old female without any underlying diseases. The patient suffered from COVID-19 pneumonia. She received 8 mg dexamethasone for 12 days. Afterwards, she returned three days after her discharge with a complaint of pre-orbital cellulitis, unilateral facial numbness and decreased visual acuity. Therefore, after primary diagnostic imaging, she was regarded as a candidate for invasive surgical intervention and was consequently treated with a combination of liposomal amphotericin B, radical recurrent surgery and posaconazole. Conclusion: It is very important to consider patients who are in the pre-diabetic state or possibly immunocompromised before prescribing steroids. The patients should be examined for invasive fungal infections in post-discharge period.
Journal of Global Infectious Diseases, 2011
International journal of mycobacteriology, 2021
Aims and objectives: Because the world is mobilized with all its might to fight the COVID-19 epid... more Aims and objectives: Because the world is mobilized with all its might to fight the COVID-19 epidemic, control of common but deadly diseases such as tuberculosis may be neglected. With a conservative estimate and modeling working, we can show that if too much attention to the COVID-19 continuing it can leads to a 25% reduction in global TB diagnosis by 3 months and TB mortality will increase by 13% and this brings us back to the level of TB mortality we had 5 years ago. Between 2020 and 2025, 1.4 million TB deaths could be recorded as a direct consequence of COVID-19. Therefore, ensuring the continuation of basic services and operations to deal with long-standing health problems like tuberculosis or other similar diseases to protect the lives of people is very important. Methods: This study is a case series has been performed in three hospital centers in Tehran where respiratory and infectious patients were treated. We report on eleven cases of patients who were either unaware of their tuberculosis or of their COVID-19 and after visiting a medical center, they found out that they have both of them. Results: Of the eleven patients in this study, seven were male and four were female, with a mean age of 56.6 years (minimum age 27 years and maximum age 91 years). Five patients were previously diagnosed with tuberculosis and six patients were initially admitted with a diagnosis of COVID-19. Seven were Afghans and four were Iranians. Ten patients had respiratory tuberculosis and one had both pulmonary and spinal tuberculosis. Fever, productive cough, and hemoptysis were present in all of them. After clinical suspicion, spiral lung CT-scan, COVID-19 RT-PCR assay, smear and culture of sputum for mycobacterium tuberculosis, were performed and finally simultaneous tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection was diagnosed. Two patients died in the first week of treatment after being admitted to the intensive care unit. However, both patients also had diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Nine other cases were transferred to the tuberculosis unit after 7 to 10 days of treatment in the COVID-19 ward. Conclusions: Tuberculosis and COVID-19 are both common infections of the respiratory system and have common signs and symptoms and these similarities may cause overlapping the two diseases. While experience with COVID-19 infection in TB patients is still limited, it is predicted that people with TB and COVID-19 may have poorer treatment outcomes, especially if TB treatment is postponed.
Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Background: Echinococcosis is a parasitic and zoonotic disease, usually caused by Echinococcus gr... more Background: Echinococcosis is a parasitic and zoonotic disease, usually caused by Echinococcus granulosus or Echinococcus multilocularis, and threatens the health and development of human societies. Worldwide, 3.6 million disability adjusted life years (DALYs) may be lost due to echinococcosis. Case Description: In this report, a 44-year-old man was presented, whose first symptoms were psychological and behavioral changes and headache. After investigations, it was found that he had a mass in the frontal part of the brain, in the heart, and left kidney and spleen without any symptoms and involvement in the liver. After surgery to remove a mass in the brain, a pathologic study confirmed that the patient had echinococcosis. After necessary radiological imaging, the patient underwent surgery to remove cysts. The cyst was successfully removed and the patient was started on albendazole. The patient was discharged in good general condition and followed up for 6 months, during which time th...
Tanaffos, 2020
COVID-19 leads to mild symptoms within the majority of infected patients, but can cause severe mu... more COVID-19 leads to mild symptoms within the majority of infected patients, but can cause severe multiple organ failure and death. There is only limited information regarding the consequences of this new emerging infection with congenital disorders. According to the previous studies, many people with Down syndrome are considered high risk for complications related to respiratory diseases. We report two trisomy 21 patients who suffered from COVID-19 and summarize the early experience with COVID-19 and Down syndrome. The course of the disease was severe in these two cases, and our concern is close monitoring of the patients with Down syndrome for early signs of COVID-19.
PubMed, Sep 1, 2013
Background: Studies have shown that Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has positive effect... more Background: Studies have shown that Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has positive effect on physical and psychological dimensions of chronic illnesses. In this study for the first time we examine the effect of this new technique on quality of life and pulmonary function in chemically pulmonary injured veterans who have chronic pulmonary problem, psychological problems and low quality of life. Methods: Forty male pulmonary injured veterans were randomly replaced in two groups with 20 participants (MBSR and control Wait List (WL)). Then MBSR group received 8-weekly sessions intervention. We evaluate quality of life (used SF-36 questionnaire) and Spirometry parameters two times; before and after intervention in two group. We used "mixed factorial analyses of variance" test for analyzing data in each dependent variables. Then if we have significant interactional effect, we used -paired- sample t-test" for comparing before and after intervention data of each group, and "Independent-Sample t-test" for comparing after intervention data of two groups. Results: The MBSR compare to WL group improved SF-36 total score, (F (1, 38) =12.09, P=0.001), "Role limitations due to physical problems"(F(1,38)= 6.92, P=0.01), "Role limitations due to emotional problems"(F(1,38)= 7.75, P=0.008), "Social functioning"(F(1,38)= 9.89, P=0.003), "Mental health"(F(1,38)= 15.93, P=0), "Vitality"(F(1,38)= 40.03, P≤0.001), and "Pain"(F(1,38)= 27.60, P≤0.001). MBSR had no significant effect on "FEV1" (F (1, 38) = 0.03, P=0.85),"FVC" (F (1, 38) = 0.16, P=0.69) and "FEV1/FVC" (F (1, 38) = 2.21, P=0.14). Conclusion: MBSR can improve individual's quality of life but not lung function in chemically pulmonary injured veterans.
Advances in Nursing & Midwifery, 2016
Background and Aim Developmental care along with medical care controls premature infant's pot... more Background and Aim Developmental care along with medical care controls premature infant's potential stress. Improving the quality of developmental care as well as other healthcare services is very important. In this paper, the existing quality care improvement models have been reviewed and followed by analysis of their applications to the Iranian NICU. Consequently, an appropriate model is proposed. Materials and Methods In this review article, Iran Medex، Science direct، Google Scholar، SID, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOCINAHL databases have been searched by keywords including quality improvement, quality, developmental care, health care, NICU, premature infants. The content of articles were analyzed and compared. Results The review of the literature indicates that there are many health care improvement models. Some of macro and micro related models are applicable in NICUs. However, there are some limitations in this regards. With considering the characteristics of developmental ca...
Entwicklungspfade für Hochschule und Lehre nach der Corona-Pandemie, 2021
Current Therapeutic Research, 2022
Average follow up was 17,23 months (rate 32-6 months). Tendon progress achieved for the total sam... more Average follow up was 17,23 months (rate 32-6 months). Tendon progress achieved for the total sample was 20,53 mm (12-32 mm).
Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 2021
Considering the increasing prevalence and burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease a... more Considering the increasing prevalence and burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and false-negative results in routine reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests, additional diagnostic methods are needed to diagnose active cases of this disease. This prospective study was conducted on patients, in whom clinical and radiological symptoms/signs were in favor of COVID-19 while their first PCR test was negative. Later on, a second RT-PCR was performed and serological evaluation was carried out and results were compared with each other. Out of 707 patients who had been referred to the hospital and were clinically and radiologically suspicious of disease, 137 patients with negative RT-PCR tests entered the study. RT-PCR assay became positive for the second time in 45 (32.8%). Anti-COVID-19 IgM and IgG antibodies were positive in 83 (60.6%) and 86 (62.8%) patients, respectively. Finally, it was determined that serological test was diagnostic in 73% of pat...
Neurology research international, 2015
Background. Herpes zoster infection is a painful worldwide disease. Inappropriate and delayed tre... more Background. Herpes zoster infection is a painful worldwide disease. Inappropriate and delayed treatment causes prolongation of the disease with debilitating symptoms and postherpetic neuralgia. Method. A cross-sectional study evaluated shingles cases admitted in a teaching hospital with one-year followup in north of Iran from 2007 to 2013. Results. From 132 patients, 60.4% were male. Head and neck involvement occurred in 78 people (59.1%), thoracoabdominal region in 37 cases (28%), and extremities in 16 cases (12.1%), and one case (0.8%) got multisites involvement. 54 cases (40.9%) had predisposing factors including diabetes mellitus in 26 cases (19.7%), malignancy in 15 (11.4%), immunosuppressive medication in 7 (5.03%), HIV infection in 3 (2.3%), radiotherapy in 2 (1.5%), and tuberculosis in one patient (0.8%). The most common symptoms were pain (95.5%), weakness (56%), fever (31.1%), headache (30.3%), ocular complaints (27.3%), itching (24.2%), and dizziness (5.3%). 21 cases (15....
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2008
The social, emotional, and financial implications of HIV make PEP evaluation of great import. Als... more The social, emotional, and financial implications of HIV make PEP evaluation of great import. Also, as the prevalence rate of HIV increases, the rate of accidental exposures may increase, further increasing the incidence rate of HIV infection in Healthcare workers and the entire society if preventive measures such as Universal precautions, Blood safety measures, Injection safety measures, barrier contraception and PEP are not employed. All patients studied were on 2 or more antiretroviral drugs. Method: A retrospective study of cases of PEP, using all clinical records of cases presenting at the Antiretroviral Clinic between 2006 and February, 2008. The data is analyzed and presented using the Excell and SPSS version 15. 51 cases were studied in all, after about 12 cases were excluded based on gross paucity of information. Results: Of the 51 cases studied, 33.3% were males, 66.7% females. The age range is between 5 and 55years, mean age 26.48yrs. This corresponds to the age distribution of HIV prevalence. 49% were doctors with <2years experience. 82.35% 0f cases were occupational exposures involving healthcare workers. 27.5% were cases of Rape. Most people presented within 24 hours of exposure, and the main cause of delay was logistics. The HIV status of 64.7% of source of exposure was unknown. About 49% kept their 2 week follow-up appointments, of this, 96% had complaints relating to the GIT system. Of the remainder, 2% had Haematuria and dysuria. 78.43% 0f cases studied completed the 1 month therapy. There is only one record of Post-PEP tests. Conclusion: PEP is often discontinued, with most clients hardly going beyond the first 2 weeks of therapy; most side effects of the drugs are at their peak within this time frame. Follow-up and Post-therapy tests at 6, 12 and 24weeks are hardly done, making an evaluation of the rate of seroconversion difficult to make. It is worthy of note that no nationally-representative data exists on PEP surveillance in many countries including Nigeria.
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2008
A lower but significant risk (from 3,7 to 4,7 times higher respect to no intervention) was found ... more A lower but significant risk (from 3,7 to 4,7 times higher respect to no intervention) was found for oral surgery, Gynaecological, cardiovascular, abdominal interventions and for biopsy or endoscopy. Only minor (ORad,3.0; CI, 1.3-7.1), oral (ORad, 2.6; CI,1.5-4.6) and dermatological surgery (ORad, 2.9; CI, 1.1-7.5) were associated with AHB instead, instead. Conclusion: Although AHB and AHC incidences are declining, IP still represent important risk factors. The differences in risk estimation between AHB and AHC is likely due to the higher HCV prevalence in the general population; admitting a person-to-person transmission by breaks in universal precautions, the larger pool of subjects infected with HCV than HBV makes more likely the exposure to HCV. The increasing proportion of HBV-immunized young adults and vaccination of high risk groups, further explain these differences. The high risk found for minor surgery, might suggest that healthcare providers underrate the risk connected with this procedure. Since a lot of people is exposed to IP and an effective HCV vaccine is not yet available, these findings underscore the importance of implementing nonimmunologic preventive measures to control iatrogenic HBV and HCV transmission.
Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology, 2015
Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) as a new therapeutic technique in energy psychology has positiv... more Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) as a new therapeutic technique in energy psychology has positive effects on psychological and physiological symptoms, and quality of life. In this research we studied the effect of this treatment on immunological factors. This study tested whether 8-week group sessions of EFT (compared to a wait-list control group) with emphasis on patient's respiratory, psychological and immunological problems in chemically pulmonary injured veterans (N=28) can affect on immunological and psychological factors. Mixed effect linear models indicated that EFT improved mental health (F=79.24, p=0) and health-related quality of life (F=13.89, p=0.001), decreased somatic symptoms (F=5.81, p=0.02), anxiety/insomnia (F=24.03, p<0.001), social dysfunction (F=21.59, p<0.001), frequency and severity of respiratory symptoms (F=20.38, p<0.001), and increased lymphocyte proliferation with nonspecific mitogens Concanavalin A (Con A) (F=14.32, p=0.001) and Phytohema...
Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2009
Background and purpose: Leptospirosis (also known as Weil's disease, 7-day fever and many mor... more Background and purpose: Leptospirosis (also known as Weil's disease, 7-day fever and many more) is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira that affects humans and a wide range of animals, including mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. It was first described by Adolf Weil in 1886 when he reported an "acute infectious disease with enlargement of spleen, jaundice and nephritis". Leptospira was first observed in 1907 from a post mortem renal tissue slice. It is recognized as the world's most common zoonoses. This disease continues to have a major impact on people living in urban and rural areas of developing countries with inestimable morbidity and mortality. The disease is an occupational hazard. People in Mazandaran province in the North of Iran, are mostly involved in agricultural fields or animal husbandry and leptospirosis is common in this area. In this study we tried to find seroepidemiology of leptospirosis in workers tha...
Journal of Research in Medical Sciences : The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 2013
Sir, In recent years due to improvements in the health status of the population, the incidence of... more Sir, In recent years due to improvements in the health status of the population, the incidence of some diseases is reduced and medical practitioners and medical students rarely meet such cases Therefore, in practice, the patients may be misdiagnosed and don’t receive proper treatment and almost the wrong or late management may cause irreversible sequels. We faced with an 11-year-old boy in Razi's Hospital (Qa’em Shahr City-North of Iran) [Figure 1] who he had a primary presenting scaly and pruritic plaque on his scalp since 2 weeks before that progressively changed to an ulcerated crusted, exudative, and painful erythematous plaque with palpable indurations. Otherwise, he was quite healthy without any underlying immunity disorder. The patient had contact with soil. He had received oral antibiotics (full dose of cephalexin and cloxacillin), without any improvement, our impression was kerion. In direct smear with KOH and endothrix hyphae within hair shaft was seen but because of s...
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Papers by Abdolreza Babamahmoodi