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ARUN AGARWAL

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Address: Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India

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Abdelhalim Zekry

Ain Shams University

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Thamar University

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Jadavpur University

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Papers by ARUN AGARWAL

© Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/ajeee-3-1-2 Combined Effect of Block interleaving and FEC on BER Performance of OFDM based WiMAX (IEEE 802.16d)

In this World of Digital era the demand of mobile Internet and wireless multimedia applications a... more In this World of Digital era the demand of mobile Internet and wireless multimedia applications are growing faster than ever. To satisfy the user requirements and to overcome the limitations of existing wireless technologies, have led the researchers to come up with more advanced and efficient technology. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is the outcome in this direction which promises to solve the last mile access technology to provide high speed internet access in the residential as well as small and medium sized enterprise sectors. In this paper we have analyzed the effect of Block Interleaving on the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the WiMAX Physical layer baseband system conforming to the parameters established by IEEE 802.16 standards for different digital modulation schemes. From the analysis it was observed that addition of interleaving with forward error correction (FEC) improves the system pe...

Internet of Things (IoT) – A Technological Analysis and Survey on Vision, Concepts, Challenges, Innovation Directions, Technologies, and Applications ( An Upcoming or Future Generation Computer Communication System Technology )

American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2016

The Internet of Things (IoT) has been inscription in this review paper. Internet of Things is a k... more The Internet of Things (IoT) has been inscription in this review paper. Internet of Things is a keyword to cover various challenges related to internet and the web to the real physical world. We know that, today internet has already taken an important part of everyday life and it has also dramatically changed the lives of human being. The most important factor of this invention is, integration or combination of several technologies with the communication system solutions. The most applicable factors of IoT is the identification and tracking various factors for smart objects. The universal sensing networks is enabled by Wireless Sensing Networks (WSN) and these technologies cuts across many areas of modern day living. The escalation of these devices in a communicating and actuating network will create the Internet of Things (IoT). Here the sensors and actuators combine easily with the environment around us and the information is shared across various platforms in order to develop a c...

Post Catastrophe Fallouts and Challenges to Swim to Safety (Particularly in the Post Covid-19 Impasse)

March 2021, 2021

The continuing dangers presented by the current pandemic affects the events due to the COVID-19. ... more The continuing dangers presented by the current pandemic affects the events due to the COVID-19. The economy has imploded like never before. The most advanced countries were ignorant, except for possible measures such as lockdowns and hastily imposed precautionary legislation. The entire world came to a halt and the people were suffered, businesses have been crippled and life became constrained and perplexing. Most of the people were jobless, fatal accidents, and so on. The virus made no differentiation and those who had a strong immune system and were fortunate enough to survive. Human suffering is on an unbelievable and indefinable scale. The jobless suffered in life because transportation was crippled.

Is Internet becoming a Major Contributor for Global warming – The Online Carbon Footprint!!

December 2020, 2020

Presently 21st century is the world of Internet, broadband, satellite TV, mobile phone etc fueled... more Presently 21st century is the world of Internet, broadband, satellite TV, mobile phone etc fueled by upcoming 5G (5th Generation) networks. We cannot live one day without internet. More than 70% of us access the Internet on a daily basis which clearly shows the huge potential of this global system of interconnected network and how people around the world get easily addicted to it. Large E- Business and E- Marketing are the outcome of the Internet invasion in human life. But do we really care or think what effect the Internet has on our environment? The reality says in coming years with massive population around 2.5 billion people will be connected to the Internet worldwide, making Internet's energy and carbon footprint will surpass air travel. Hence Internet does not look as green as thought but responsible for Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Cloud Storage, use of various search engines and Emails. This article highlights some adverse effect of Internet on planet Earth and e...

Modeling and Performance prediction of Eureka-147 OFDM based DAB system

International Journal of Electronics and Electical Engineering, 2012

The new digital radio system DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting), developed within the Eureka 147 pr... more The new digital radio system DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting), developed within the Eureka 147 project is a very innovative and universal multimedia broadcast system that has the potential to replace existing AM and FM audio broadcast services in many parts of the world in the near future. DAB employs coded OFDM technology that enables it for mobile reception and makes receivers highly robust against channel multipath fading effect. In this paper, we have analyzed the bit error rate (BER) performance of DAB system conforming to the parameters established by the ETSI (EN 300 401) using frequency interleaving and Forward Error Correction (FEC) in different transmission channels. The results shows DAB to be suitable radio broadcasting technology for high performance in mobile environment.

Design and performance analysis of MIMO-OFDM system using different antenna configurations

2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT), 2016

Abtract: 4G is demonstrating acceptable accelerates to 1Gbps. At that point for what reason do we... more Abtract: 4G is demonstrating acceptable accelerates to 1Gbps. At that point for what reason do we need much else. The issue is that it can't give constant applications. 5G is the name given to the up and coming age of versatile information availability. It will give extraordinary paces between 10Gbps to 100Gbps This proposition contains higher MIMO plots alongside the OFDM and furthermore it decide the Bit Error Rate contrasted and diverse recieving wire designs. In enormous MIMO, the base stations are outfitted with numerous reception apparatuses. The excess of radio wires offers the jammer opportunity to look out and abuse structure in signs to support its stickings. This plenitude of recieving wires brings a few new, entrancing angles contrasted with single-client MIMO and multi-client MIMO. OFDM might be joined with recieving wire clusters at the transmitter and recipient to expand data transmission proficiency and heartiness utilizing multipath signal spread, bringing about a MIMO-OFDM arrangement. The forward error correction(FEC) alongside amazing interleaving calculations assumes a significant job in the improvement of the presentation of the MIMO-OFDM frameworks was planned. In this task a MIMO-OFDM framework with convolutional coding with code rate ½ and investigated the presentation of the framework utilizing distinctive reception apparatus design in AWGN channel. Complete OFDM modules were created including information age, forward blunder rectification, tweak, IFFT/FFT and Viterbi decoder.

Effect of Guard Time on BER Performance of OFDM based WiMAX (IEEE 802.16d) System

International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2013

The demand of mobile Internet and wireless multimedia applications are growing faster than ever. ... more The demand of mobile Internet and wireless multimedia applications are growing faster than ever. To satisfy the user requirements and to overcome the limitations of existing wireless technologies, have led the researchers to come up with more advanced and efficient technology. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is the outcome in this direction which promises to solve the last mile access technology to provide high speed internet access in the residential as well as small and medium sized enterprise sectors. In this paper we have analyzed Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the WiMAX Physical layer baseband conforming to the parameters established by IEEE 802.16 standards under different Guard time intervals between OFDM symbols. The performance was also extended for different digital modulation schemes. From the analysis it was observed that all the digital modulation schemes with cyclic prefix or guard time of 1/32 provides resistant to inters symbol interference (ISI) thereby improving BER performance with limited SNR.

Performance Analysis of OFDM Based DVB-T over Diverse Wireless Communication Channels

Presently in communication areas Digital Video Broad casting in terrestrial (DVB-T) is playing an... more Presently in communication areas Digital Video Broad casting in terrestrial (DVB-T) is playing an important role for the transmission of digital video worldwide. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is becoming a popular modulation scheme for wireless communication systems to achieve high throughput, high data capacity, spectral efficiency and resilience to multipath. In OFDM the data transmission is parallel by splitting high rate serial data into low rate sub-streams. Then each sub-stream is modulated on separate subcarriers. By splitting the data into parallel streams the data rate is reduces, which results in an increase in the length of symbol duration. The robustness to channel impairments and high data rates make OFDM an efficient scheme for the DVB-T applications. In this paper we have investigated the bit error rate (BER) performance analysis of the OFDM based DVB-T 2k mode using different modulation schemes in different transmission channels.

The Next Generation Mobile Wireless Cellular Networks – 4G and Beyond

American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2014

The demand of mobile user is ever increasing in this world of digital systems. Consumers demand m... more The demand of mobile user is ever increasing in this world of digital systems. Consumers demand more from their technology. Whether it is a television, cellular phone, Washing machine or refrigerator, the latest technology purchase must have new features. With the advent of the Internet, the most-wanted feature is better, faster access to information. The time not far away when access to all necessary information and the power of a personal computer, sits in the palm of one's hand. To support such a powerful system, we need pervasive, highspeed wireless connectivity. The drawbacks of the current mobile communication technology have led the researchers to come up with more advanced and efficient technologies. 4G mobile technology is the outcome in this direction. 4G is the next generation of wireless networks that will totally replace existing 3G networks. It is supposed to provide its customers with better speed and all IP based multimedia services. In the present scenario existing technologies are capable of performing functions like broadband data access, supporting voice traffic using voice over IP (VoIP), in mobile environment etc., but there is a great requirement of integrating all such technologies into a single combined system. 4G promises a solution to this problem by seamlessly integrating the terminals, networks and applications. This paper presents an overall study of the 4G systems, architecture, standard, benefits, challenges in implementation, design for the LTE and WiMAX technologies, Security issues and future scope of 4G technologies.

Review of Leakage Power Reduction in CMOS Circuits

American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2014

Recent Technological advances in Wireless Communication has shown the convergence of terminals an... more Recent Technological advances in Wireless Communication has shown the convergence of terminals and networks that support multimedia and real-time applications. This obviously puts an immense pressure on battery of any mobile device. The CMOS has been the leading technology in today's world of mobile communication due to its low power consumption. Reduction of leakage power in CMOS has been the research interest for the last couple of years. In CMOS integrated circuit design there is an important trade-off between technology scaling and static power consumption. In today's CMOS technology the leakage power consumption plays a significant role. As we approaching to nano-scale design the total chip power consumption becomes dependent on leakage power. Increasing the battery life in mobile wireless communication and mobile computing and similar other applications is the topic of research now-a days... Further, since the leakage of battery exists even when devices are in idle state makes leakage power loss most critical in CMOS VLSI circuits. Many techniques have been evolved to tackle the problem and its still in progress. This paper mainly focuses on the review of various works done in this field till today's date. Further a review of recent work done on a new technique LSSR (Lector Stack State Retention Technique) is discussed in the paper.

Design and Simulation of COFDM for High Speed Wireless Communication and Performance Analysis

research.ijcaonline.org

Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (COFDM) is one of the dominant techniques of pre... more

Performance Analysis of OFDM Based DAB Systems Using Concatenated Coding Technique

Advanced Materials Research, 2011

Radio broadcasting technology in this era of compact disc is expected to deliver high quality aud... more Radio broadcasting technology in this era of compact disc is expected to deliver high quality audio programmes in mobile environment. The Eureka-147 Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) system with coded OFDM technology accomplish this demand by making receivers highly robust against effects of multipath fading environment. In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of DAB system conforming to the parameters established by the ETSI (EN 300 401) using time and frequency interleaving, concatenated Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem coding and convolutional coding method in different transmission channels. The results show that concatenated channel coding improves the system performance compared to convolutional coding.

Digital Audio Broadcast: Modulation, Transmission & Performance Analysis

Radio broadcasting technology has evolved rapidly over the last few years due to ever increasing ... more

Review of Leakage Power Reduction in CMOS Circuits Cite This Article

and networks that support multimedia and real-time applications. This obviously puts an immense p... more and networks that support multimedia and real-time applications. This obviously puts an immense pressure on battery of any mobile device. The CMOS has been the leading technology in today's world of mobile communication due to its low power consumption. Reduction of leakage power in CMOS has been the research interest for the last couple of years. In CMOS integrated circuit design there is an important trade-off between technology scaling and static power consumption. In today's CMOS technology the leakage power consumption plays a significant role. As we approaching to nano-scale design the total chip power consumption becomes dependent on leakage power. Increasing the battery life in mobile wireless communication and mobile computing and similar other applications is the topic of research now-a days... Further, since the leakage of battery exists even when devices are in idle state makes leakage power loss most critical in CMOS VLSI circuits. Many techniques have been evolved to tackle the problem and its still in progress. This paper mainly focuses on the review of various works done in this field till today's date. Further a review of recent work done on a new technique LSSR (Lector Stack State Retention Technique) is discussed in the paper.

© Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/ajeee-3-1-2 Combined Effect of Block interleaving and FEC on BER Performance of OFDM based WiMAX (IEEE 802.16d)

In this World of Digital era the demand of mobile Internet and wireless multimedia applications a... more In this World of Digital era the demand of mobile Internet and wireless multimedia applications are growing faster than ever. To satisfy the user requirements and to overcome the limitations of existing wireless technologies, have led the researchers to come up with more advanced and efficient technology. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is the outcome in this direction which promises to solve the last mile access technology to provide high speed internet access in the residential as well as small and medium sized enterprise sectors. In this paper we have analyzed the effect of Block Interleaving on the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the WiMAX Physical layer baseband system conforming to the parameters established by IEEE 802.16 standards for different digital modulation schemes. From the analysis it was observed that addition of interleaving with forward error correction (FEC) improves the system pe...

Internet of Things (IoT) – A Technological Analysis and Survey on Vision, Concepts, Challenges, Innovation Directions, Technologies, and Applications ( An Upcoming or Future Generation Computer Communication System Technology )

American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2016

The Internet of Things (IoT) has been inscription in this review paper. Internet of Things is a k... more The Internet of Things (IoT) has been inscription in this review paper. Internet of Things is a keyword to cover various challenges related to internet and the web to the real physical world. We know that, today internet has already taken an important part of everyday life and it has also dramatically changed the lives of human being. The most important factor of this invention is, integration or combination of several technologies with the communication system solutions. The most applicable factors of IoT is the identification and tracking various factors for smart objects. The universal sensing networks is enabled by Wireless Sensing Networks (WSN) and these technologies cuts across many areas of modern day living. The escalation of these devices in a communicating and actuating network will create the Internet of Things (IoT). Here the sensors and actuators combine easily with the environment around us and the information is shared across various platforms in order to develop a c...

Post Catastrophe Fallouts and Challenges to Swim to Safety (Particularly in the Post Covid-19 Impasse)

March 2021, 2021

The continuing dangers presented by the current pandemic affects the events due to the COVID-19. ... more The continuing dangers presented by the current pandemic affects the events due to the COVID-19. The economy has imploded like never before. The most advanced countries were ignorant, except for possible measures such as lockdowns and hastily imposed precautionary legislation. The entire world came to a halt and the people were suffered, businesses have been crippled and life became constrained and perplexing. Most of the people were jobless, fatal accidents, and so on. The virus made no differentiation and those who had a strong immune system and were fortunate enough to survive. Human suffering is on an unbelievable and indefinable scale. The jobless suffered in life because transportation was crippled.

Is Internet becoming a Major Contributor for Global warming – The Online Carbon Footprint!!

December 2020, 2020

Presently 21st century is the world of Internet, broadband, satellite TV, mobile phone etc fueled... more Presently 21st century is the world of Internet, broadband, satellite TV, mobile phone etc fueled by upcoming 5G (5th Generation) networks. We cannot live one day without internet. More than 70% of us access the Internet on a daily basis which clearly shows the huge potential of this global system of interconnected network and how people around the world get easily addicted to it. Large E- Business and E- Marketing are the outcome of the Internet invasion in human life. But do we really care or think what effect the Internet has on our environment? The reality says in coming years with massive population around 2.5 billion people will be connected to the Internet worldwide, making Internet's energy and carbon footprint will surpass air travel. Hence Internet does not look as green as thought but responsible for Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Cloud Storage, use of various search engines and Emails. This article highlights some adverse effect of Internet on planet Earth and e...

Modeling and Performance prediction of Eureka-147 OFDM based DAB system

International Journal of Electronics and Electical Engineering, 2012

The new digital radio system DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting), developed within the Eureka 147 pr... more The new digital radio system DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting), developed within the Eureka 147 project is a very innovative and universal multimedia broadcast system that has the potential to replace existing AM and FM audio broadcast services in many parts of the world in the near future. DAB employs coded OFDM technology that enables it for mobile reception and makes receivers highly robust against channel multipath fading effect. In this paper, we have analyzed the bit error rate (BER) performance of DAB system conforming to the parameters established by the ETSI (EN 300 401) using frequency interleaving and Forward Error Correction (FEC) in different transmission channels. The results shows DAB to be suitable radio broadcasting technology for high performance in mobile environment.

Design and performance analysis of MIMO-OFDM system using different antenna configurations

2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT), 2016

Abtract: 4G is demonstrating acceptable accelerates to 1Gbps. At that point for what reason do we... more Abtract: 4G is demonstrating acceptable accelerates to 1Gbps. At that point for what reason do we need much else. The issue is that it can't give constant applications. 5G is the name given to the up and coming age of versatile information availability. It will give extraordinary paces between 10Gbps to 100Gbps This proposition contains higher MIMO plots alongside the OFDM and furthermore it decide the Bit Error Rate contrasted and diverse recieving wire designs. In enormous MIMO, the base stations are outfitted with numerous reception apparatuses. The excess of radio wires offers the jammer opportunity to look out and abuse structure in signs to support its stickings. This plenitude of recieving wires brings a few new, entrancing angles contrasted with single-client MIMO and multi-client MIMO. OFDM might be joined with recieving wire clusters at the transmitter and recipient to expand data transmission proficiency and heartiness utilizing multipath signal spread, bringing about a MIMO-OFDM arrangement. The forward error correction(FEC) alongside amazing interleaving calculations assumes a significant job in the improvement of the presentation of the MIMO-OFDM frameworks was planned. In this task a MIMO-OFDM framework with convolutional coding with code rate ½ and investigated the presentation of the framework utilizing distinctive reception apparatus design in AWGN channel. Complete OFDM modules were created including information age, forward blunder rectification, tweak, IFFT/FFT and Viterbi decoder.

Effect of Guard Time on BER Performance of OFDM based WiMAX (IEEE 802.16d) System

International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2013

The demand of mobile Internet and wireless multimedia applications are growing faster than ever. ... more The demand of mobile Internet and wireless multimedia applications are growing faster than ever. To satisfy the user requirements and to overcome the limitations of existing wireless technologies, have led the researchers to come up with more advanced and efficient technology. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is the outcome in this direction which promises to solve the last mile access technology to provide high speed internet access in the residential as well as small and medium sized enterprise sectors. In this paper we have analyzed Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the WiMAX Physical layer baseband conforming to the parameters established by IEEE 802.16 standards under different Guard time intervals between OFDM symbols. The performance was also extended for different digital modulation schemes. From the analysis it was observed that all the digital modulation schemes with cyclic prefix or guard time of 1/32 provides resistant to inters symbol interference (ISI) thereby improving BER performance with limited SNR.

Performance Analysis of OFDM Based DVB-T over Diverse Wireless Communication Channels

Presently in communication areas Digital Video Broad casting in terrestrial (DVB-T) is playing an... more Presently in communication areas Digital Video Broad casting in terrestrial (DVB-T) is playing an important role for the transmission of digital video worldwide. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is becoming a popular modulation scheme for wireless communication systems to achieve high throughput, high data capacity, spectral efficiency and resilience to multipath. In OFDM the data transmission is parallel by splitting high rate serial data into low rate sub-streams. Then each sub-stream is modulated on separate subcarriers. By splitting the data into parallel streams the data rate is reduces, which results in an increase in the length of symbol duration. The robustness to channel impairments and high data rates make OFDM an efficient scheme for the DVB-T applications. In this paper we have investigated the bit error rate (BER) performance analysis of the OFDM based DVB-T 2k mode using different modulation schemes in different transmission channels.

The Next Generation Mobile Wireless Cellular Networks – 4G and Beyond

American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2014

The demand of mobile user is ever increasing in this world of digital systems. Consumers demand m... more The demand of mobile user is ever increasing in this world of digital systems. Consumers demand more from their technology. Whether it is a television, cellular phone, Washing machine or refrigerator, the latest technology purchase must have new features. With the advent of the Internet, the most-wanted feature is better, faster access to information. The time not far away when access to all necessary information and the power of a personal computer, sits in the palm of one's hand. To support such a powerful system, we need pervasive, highspeed wireless connectivity. The drawbacks of the current mobile communication technology have led the researchers to come up with more advanced and efficient technologies. 4G mobile technology is the outcome in this direction. 4G is the next generation of wireless networks that will totally replace existing 3G networks. It is supposed to provide its customers with better speed and all IP based multimedia services. In the present scenario existing technologies are capable of performing functions like broadband data access, supporting voice traffic using voice over IP (VoIP), in mobile environment etc., but there is a great requirement of integrating all such technologies into a single combined system. 4G promises a solution to this problem by seamlessly integrating the terminals, networks and applications. This paper presents an overall study of the 4G systems, architecture, standard, benefits, challenges in implementation, design for the LTE and WiMAX technologies, Security issues and future scope of 4G technologies.

Review of Leakage Power Reduction in CMOS Circuits

American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2014

Recent Technological advances in Wireless Communication has shown the convergence of terminals an... more Recent Technological advances in Wireless Communication has shown the convergence of terminals and networks that support multimedia and real-time applications. This obviously puts an immense pressure on battery of any mobile device. The CMOS has been the leading technology in today's world of mobile communication due to its low power consumption. Reduction of leakage power in CMOS has been the research interest for the last couple of years. In CMOS integrated circuit design there is an important trade-off between technology scaling and static power consumption. In today's CMOS technology the leakage power consumption plays a significant role. As we approaching to nano-scale design the total chip power consumption becomes dependent on leakage power. Increasing the battery life in mobile wireless communication and mobile computing and similar other applications is the topic of research now-a days... Further, since the leakage of battery exists even when devices are in idle state makes leakage power loss most critical in CMOS VLSI circuits. Many techniques have been evolved to tackle the problem and its still in progress. This paper mainly focuses on the review of various works done in this field till today's date. Further a review of recent work done on a new technique LSSR (Lector Stack State Retention Technique) is discussed in the paper.

Design and Simulation of COFDM for High Speed Wireless Communication and Performance Analysis

research.ijcaonline.org

Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (COFDM) is one of the dominant techniques of pre... more

Performance Analysis of OFDM Based DAB Systems Using Concatenated Coding Technique

Advanced Materials Research, 2011

Radio broadcasting technology in this era of compact disc is expected to deliver high quality aud... more Radio broadcasting technology in this era of compact disc is expected to deliver high quality audio programmes in mobile environment. The Eureka-147 Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) system with coded OFDM technology accomplish this demand by making receivers highly robust against effects of multipath fading environment. In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of DAB system conforming to the parameters established by the ETSI (EN 300 401) using time and frequency interleaving, concatenated Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem coding and convolutional coding method in different transmission channels. The results show that concatenated channel coding improves the system performance compared to convolutional coding.

Digital Audio Broadcast: Modulation, Transmission & Performance Analysis

Radio broadcasting technology has evolved rapidly over the last few years due to ever increasing ... more

Review of Leakage Power Reduction in CMOS Circuits Cite This Article

and networks that support multimedia and real-time applications. This obviously puts an immense p... more and networks that support multimedia and real-time applications. This obviously puts an immense pressure on battery of any mobile device. The CMOS has been the leading technology in today's world of mobile communication due to its low power consumption. Reduction of leakage power in CMOS has been the research interest for the last couple of years. In CMOS integrated circuit design there is an important trade-off between technology scaling and static power consumption. In today's CMOS technology the leakage power consumption plays a significant role. As we approaching to nano-scale design the total chip power consumption becomes dependent on leakage power. Increasing the battery life in mobile wireless communication and mobile computing and similar other applications is the topic of research now-a days... Further, since the leakage of battery exists even when devices are in idle state makes leakage power loss most critical in CMOS VLSI circuits. Many techniques have been evolved to tackle the problem and its still in progress. This paper mainly focuses on the review of various works done in this field till today's date. Further a review of recent work done on a new technique LSSR (Lector Stack State Retention Technique) is discussed in the paper.