Energy is one of the building blocks of modern society. The growth of the modern society has been... more Energy is one of the building blocks of modern society. The growth of the modern society has been fueled by cheap, abundant energy resources. Solar energy is a form of renewable energy which is available abundantly and collected unreservedly. In Oil Industry there is an energy problem due to energy losses of fuel consumption, refinery losses and electricity consumption in a way that reduces the net profit of the industry. This thesis presents a solar energy heating system that can be used in the next research for heating applications in oil industry. Firstly choosing the most appropriate solar system that can be used in such applications was done. Four different Mathematical Models for prediction of optical efficiency and thermal losses for the chosen system have been analyzed and then computerized using Software program for comparison based on numerical data and also practical comparison using real input data from experimental and actual solar plants.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 2020
In this study modular MATLAB program is presented, where an equation oriented programming with Ma... more In this study modular MATLAB program is presented, where an equation oriented programming with MatLab 2020 is used to provide friendly user-interface of the developed program. This program can be used to perform reliable design, performance, and optimization calculations for multiple effect evaporator (MEE) desalination systems with different configurations under different operating conditions. In addition, by using this program modifications for existing desalination plants can be conducted. The developed program manipulates the considered configuration based on the graph theory with the number of units, streams and their types where the relationships between the streams and the units are identified. The program constructs a large matrix that is solved for temperatures, flow rates of the streams and the heat transfer area of the effects and heat exchangers. The accuracy and reliability of our program were verified using six different cases from the available data in the literature. These cases include forward, backward, mixed, and parallel feed MEE configurations with and without thermal-vapor compressor. Different computation modes were used for large number of plant configurations, this illustrates the capability of the developed program. Comparable and accurate results were obtained, the absolute relative errors for the studied cases ranged from 0.412% to 11.292%. This indicates that the program has potential applicability to work with different configuration for Multiple Effect Evaporator (MEE) desalination plants.
Evaluations of a newly developed friction-factor equation (and hence a new gas-flow formula) indi... more Evaluations of a newly developed friction-factor equation (and hence a new gas-flow formula) indicate that it produces higher accuracy than all equations currently in use. Further, the new equation can be conveniently sued to optimize operating conditions of any existing gas pipeline or aid in designing new, similar gas pipelines. The evaluation of the new equation showed it to be
Organic Rankine cycles (ORC) have unique properties that are well suited to solar power generatio... more Organic Rankine cycles (ORC) have unique properties that are well suited to solar power generation. In this work design and performance calculations are performed using MatLab/SimuLink computational environment. The cycle consists of thermal solar collectors (Flat Plate Solar Collector (FPC), or Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC), or Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC)) for heat input, expansion turbine for work output, condenser unit for heat rejection, pump unit, and Reverse Osmosis (RO) unit. Reverse osmosis unit specifications used in this work is based on Sharm El-Shiekh RO desalination plant. Different working fluids such as: butane, isobutane, propane, R134a, R152a, R245ca, and R245fa are examined for FPC. R113, R123, hexane, and pentane are investigated for CPC. Dodecane, nonane, octane, and toluene are allocated for PTC. The proposed process units are modeled and show a good validity with literatures. Exergy and cost analysis are performed for saturation and superheated operating conditions. Exergy efficiency, total exergy destruction, thermal efficiency, and specific capital cost are evaluated for direct vapor generation (DVG) process. Toluene and Water achieved minimum results for total solar collector area, specific total cost and the rate of exergy destruction.
Theoretical analysis of entropy generation and availability destruction of &&n'' similar cocurren... more Theoretical analysis of entropy generation and availability destruction of &&n'' similar cocurrent or countercurrent heat exchangers connected in series are presented. A criterion for comparing the relative performance of any number of in-series connected similar heat exchangers is developed. The e!ect of di!erent in#uencing parameters such as the number of connected heat exchangers, the individual e!ectiveness of each unit, the heat capacity rate ratio and #ow arrangement on the quality of heat exchange are presented. It is found that, the maximum of availability destruction (maximum entropy generation) for in-series-connected similar cocurrent heat exchangers is obtained at *"1/(1#). However, for counter-current heat exchangers connected in-series; * L "1/(L G GL). This analysis might be useful for a proper choice of the number of heat exchangers to be connected together and the choice for the best operating conditions.
Good predictions for solar still performance under certain weather conditions and design paramete... more Good predictions for solar still performance under certain weather conditions and design parameters will not only save time but also money. The water productivity can be predicted by a number of published correlations that are given by Ebiling et al. [3] and Riera et al. [7]. These ...
A small unit for water desalination by solar energy and flash evaporation process is investigated... more A small unit for water desalination by solar energy and flash evaporation process is investigated. The system is built at the Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering at Suez-Egypt. The system consists of a solar water heater (flat plate solar collector) working as a brine heater, and a vertical flash unit which is attached with a condenser/preheater unit. In this work, the system is investigated theoretically and experimentally at different real environmental conditions along Julian days of one year. A mathematical model is developed to calculate the productivity of the system under different operating conditions. BIRD model for the calculation of solar insolation is used to predict the solar insolation instantaneously. Also the solar insolation is measured by a high sensitive digital pyranometer. Comparison between the theoretical and experimental results is performed. The system is tested during the summer and winter months. The average accumulative productivity of the system in November, December and January raged between 2.5 to 3.5 kg/day. The average summer productivity ranged between 13 to 16 kg/day in July and August and 10 to 12 kg/day in June.
A numerical investigation of a humidification dehumidification desalination (HDD) process using s... more A numerical investigation of a humidification dehumidification desalination (HDD) process using solar energy is presented. The HDD system consists mainly of a concentrating solar water heating collector, flat plate solar air heating collector, humidifying tower and dehumidifying exchanger. Two separate circulating loops constitute the HDD system, the first for heating the feed water and the second for heating air. A mathematical model is developed, simulating the HDD system, to study the influence of the different system configurations, weather and operating conditions on the system productivity. The model validity is examined by comparing the theoretical and experimental results of the same authors. It is found that the results of the developed mathematical model are in good agreement with the experimental results and other published works. The results show also that the productivity of the unit is strongly influenced by the air flow rate, cooling water flow rate and total solar energy incident through the day. Wind speed and ambient temperature variations show a very small effect on the system productivity. In addition, the obtained results indicate that the solar water collector area strongly affects the system productivity, more so than the solar air collector area.
When the demand of fresh water does not exceed a few cubic meters, the solar still is a viable op... more When the demand of fresh water does not exceed a few cubic meters, the solar still is a viable option. Productivity enhancement for this process was one of the main goals of the researchers. In this work, the effect of using the floating perforated black plate on the productivity process is investigated theoretically and experimentally at different brine depths under the same operating conditions. A mathematical model is developed to calculate the theoretical productivity of the solar still with the floating perforated black plate. Two experimental still units of 0.25 m 2 each are constructed. Comparison between the theoretical and experimental results is considered. In this work, it is found that the results of the developed mathematical model are in good agreement with the experimental results. Also, it is found that using the floating perforated black aluminum plate in the solar still increases solar still productivity by 15% (at brine depth of 3 cm) and 40% (at brine depth of 6 cm.).
The distilled water productivity of the single basin solar still is very limited. Some methods ha... more The distilled water productivity of the single basin solar still is very limited. Some methods have to be developed to improve this productivity. Using black rubber or black gravel materials within a single sloped solar still as a storage medium is examined in this work. To study experimentally the eect of dierent parameters such as rubber thickness and gravel size under the same operating conditions, four identical still units are designed and constructed. The experimental results showed that black rubber (10 mm thick) improves the productivity by 20% at the conditions of 60 l/m 2 brine volume and 15°glass cover angle. Also, using black gravel of 20±30 mm size improves the productivity by 19% at the conditions of 20 l/m 2 brine volume and 15°of glass cover angle.
Solar power assisted different techniques of MED-VC (multi effect distillation-vapor compression)... more Solar power assisted different techniques of MED-VC (multi effect distillation-vapor compression) processes is thermo-economically analyzed and evaluated. In this work, two techniques of solar power cycles are considered to power on MED-PF-TVC, MVC (multi effect distillation thermal and mechanical vapor compressions). In the first technique, the developed solar thermal power is directly transmitted from the solar collector field via boiler heat exchanger unit toward the steam ejector of the MED-PF-TVC process. In the second technique, the electrical power generated from the SORC (Solar Organic Rankine Cycle) is used to power on the vapor compressor of the MED-PF-MVC process. The comparison is implemented according to the operation of PTC (parabolic trough collector) with Toluene organic oil and Water working fluids (2nd technique). Therminol-VP1 HTO (Heat Transfer Oil) is considered across the solar field and water is considered for boiler heat exchanger (1st technique). A case study is performed according to 4545 m 3 /day of distillate product. As a result, reducing the value of compression ratio with increasing the evaporator's numbers would reduce the specific power consumption, solar field area, and thermo-economic costs. Also it is clear that the operation of steam ejector would increase the gain ratio instead of increasing the evaporator's numbers.
... MABROUK Abdel-Nasser A. (1) ; NAFEY Ahmed S. (2) ; FATH Hassan ES (3) ; ... Science, Suez Can... more ... MABROUK Abdel-Nasser A. (1) ; NAFEY Ahmed S. (2) ; FATH Hassan ES (3) ; ... Science, Suez Canal University, Suez, EGYPTE (2) Faculty of Petroleum & Mining Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Suez Canal University, Suez, EGYPTE (3) Masdar Institute of ...
This work presents thermoeconomic design for a multi-effect evaporation-mechanical vapor compress... more This work presents thermoeconomic design for a multi-effect evaporation-mechanical vapor compression (MEE-MVC) desalination process. Exergy and thermoeconomic mathematical models of the considered process units are developed and presented in this work. The design data of an existing MEE-MVC (1500 m 3 /day) desalination process is used for the present analysis. The effect of using external steam to initiate the evaporation process is investigated. The MEE-MVC without external steam is investigated under different operating conditions. The developed Visual Design and Simulation (VDS) package is utilized as a powerful tool for the present analysis. The energy analysis shows that the thermal performance ratio of the considered system with external steam is 8% less than that the system without external steam. Thermoeconomic analysis shows the unit product cost is 29% higher in the system of external steam. The unit product cost of the desalted water at the normal operation (without external steam) is calculated by 1.7 $/m 3. For system without external steam, by reducing the pressure ratio of the vapor compressor from 1.35 to 1.15, the capital cost of the compressor is reduced by 16%. The specific power consumption is also reduced by 50%. Sequentially, the unit product cost is reduced from 1.7 to 1.24 $/m 3 (27% reduction). Thermoeconomic results show that, reducing the splitter ratio of the brine re-circulation flow rate from 0.5 to 0.25 while the compression ratio is specified by 1.15, the unit product cost decreases to 1.21 $/m 3. Using the design condition of the considered MEE-MVC desalination plant, thermoeconomic results show that the minimum unit product cost is obtained at three evaporators. As the unit product cost at two evaporators and three evaporators are almost the same and due to the complexity and maintenance requirements, the system of two evaporators is preferable. By increasing the capacity of the considered process from 1500 m 3 /day to 5000 m 3 /day, the results show that the unit product cost at two and three evaporators are almost the same. Design calculations show that increasing the required capacity of the considered system, the unit product cost decreases.
In this work, a number of comparisons for Multi Effect Evaporation (MEE) and hybrid Multi Effect ... more In this work, a number of comparisons for Multi Effect Evaporation (MEE) and hybrid Multi Effect Evaporation-Multi Stage Flash (MEE-MSF) systems are performed using the exergy and thermoeconomic analysis. The comparison is performed based on the same platform and working under the same operating conditions. The numerical results reveal that the Forward Feed Multi Effect Evaporation (MEE-FF) performance ratio is 42% higher than that of the parallel/cross multi effect evaporation (MEE-P/C) system. The exergetic efficiency of the forward feed system is 17% higher than that of the parallel/cross feed system. As a result, the unit product cost of the MEE-FF configuration is 40% less than that of the MEE-P/C for eight effects. Thermoeconomic analysis of the hybrid (MEE-MSF) system showed that the running cost decreases with increasing the module number, however the capital cost increases. As a result, the minimum unit product cost is obtained at 8 modules and is settled by 1.65 $/m 3. Comparison between MSF (20 stages), MEE-FF (10 effects), and the hybrid MEE-MSF (10 modules) showed that the unit product cost of the hybrid MEE-MSF system is obtained as 1.7 $/m 3 which is 31% less than that of the MSF(2.63 $/m 3) system and 9% less than that of the MEE-FF (1.87 $/m 3) system. These results show that the hybrid MEE-MSF is more economical than either stand alone MSF or MEE system.
This paper presents a methodology of exergy and thermoeconomics analysis for performance of the M... more This paper presents a methodology of exergy and thermoeconomics analysis for performance of the Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) plants using a newly developed visual package, by the authors, for Visual Design and Simulation (VDS) of thermal desalination plants. This methodology gets insight the details that can not be obtained by the first law analysis. The main target of these analyses is pursuing provision of insight improvements of MSF process as well as to determine the product water unit cost. Thermo-economics results showed that, the cost of the overall MSF desalination plant can be improved by reducing the exergy destruction in the desuperheater, the flash stages, and the brine recirculation pump. Thermo-economics evaluation showed also that the total cost rate of the rejected and blow down streams is greater than the cost of the exergy destruction in the overall process. This result indicates that more investigations in the process configuration are important. Based on the recent tender of 5000 m 3 /dar MSF plant of Eoun Mousa (Egypt), the thermoeconomics results showed that the unit cost of the produced fresh water is 1.14 $/m 3. The analysis of the plant under partial loads showed that the unit product cost increased by 45 % when the load decreased to 53 % of its design value.
Process simulation has become an accepted tool for the performance, design, and optimization calc... more Process simulation has become an accepted tool for the performance, design, and optimization calculations of solar desalination process units. Solving the mathematical models representing these units and systems is a tedious and repetitive problem. Nested ...
In this work, a new design of a Multi Stage Flash-Mechanical Vapor Compression (MSF-MVC) desalina... more In this work, a new design of a Multi Stage Flash-Mechanical Vapor Compression (MSF-MVC) desalination process is investigated. The analysis of the proposed MSF-MVC system is performed based on the energy, exergy and thermoeconomic methodologies. The considered system is investigated under different operating conditions using a developed Visual Design and Simulation (VDS) software. To examine the performance of the proposed process, a comparison with the conventional MSF desalination process is performed. Thermoeconomic results show that, the best operating suction pressure is 8 kPa and the best top brine temperature is 110°C. The effect of the stages number of the heat recovery section is investigated and the results show that the low unit product cost is obtained at 20 stages. The effect of the temperature difference across the vent chamber is conducted and the results show that the lower unit product cost is 6°C. Thermoeconomic analysis shows that the last stage (vent chamber) has the highest value of the sum of capital and operation & maintenance cost in addition to the exergy destruction cost. Also the last stage has higher relative cost difference and lower exergetic efficiency. This in turn shows that a reduction in the exergy destruction within the vent chamber will reduce the unit product cost. The performance ratio of the proposed MSF-MVC system is 2.4 times the performance ratio of the conventional MSF process. The heat transfer area of the MSF-MVC system is 57 % higher than that of the conventional MSF. The exergetic efficiency of the MSF-MVC system is 67 % higher than that of the MSF. The thermoeconomic results show that the unit product cost of MSF-MVC, under the specified conditions, is calculated by 2.0 $/m 3 and this value is 25 % less than that of the conventional MSF process.
ABSTRACT Solar energy with different configurations of multi-effect distillation process is therm... more ABSTRACT Solar energy with different configurations of multi-effect distillation process is thermo-economically evaluated. In this work, two different combined solar cycles with different configurations of multi effect distillation (MED) processes are considered. In the first technique, the solar energy is directly utilized from the solar collector field via evaporator heat exchanger to the first effect of the MED process. This technique produces only potable water. In the second technique, the exhausted energy from the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) turbine is used in the first effect of the MED process. The second technique produces power electricity and desalted water. The comparison is implemented according to the operation of Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) with toluene organic oil and water working fluids. Therminol-VP1 Heat Transfer Oil (HTO) is considered for indirect vapor generation operation across the solar field and evaporator heat exchanger. The comparisons are manipulated according to 100m3/day of distillate product as a case study. As a result, only desalination technique is considered more attractive than desalination and power technique due to higher gain ratio and lower solar field area needed. Parallel feed configuration is dominated against the forward feed with feed heater configuration while increasing the number of effects to more than 12 effects.
... Three different configurations are used for this comparison (Basic, Pelton Wheel Turbine, and... more ... Three different configurations are used for this comparison (Basic, Pelton Wheel Turbine, and the Pressure Exchanger) with Sharm El-Shiekh RO desalination plant for a total productivity about 145.8 m 3 /h (40.5 kg/s). As a result of this analysis, the unit product cost of Pelton ...
Energy is one of the building blocks of modern society. The growth of the modern society has been... more Energy is one of the building blocks of modern society. The growth of the modern society has been fueled by cheap, abundant energy resources. Solar energy is a form of renewable energy which is available abundantly and collected unreservedly. In Oil Industry there is an energy problem due to energy losses of fuel consumption, refinery losses and electricity consumption in a way that reduces the net profit of the industry. This thesis presents a solar energy heating system that can be used in the next research for heating applications in oil industry. Firstly choosing the most appropriate solar system that can be used in such applications was done. Four different Mathematical Models for prediction of optical efficiency and thermal losses for the chosen system have been analyzed and then computerized using Software program for comparison based on numerical data and also practical comparison using real input data from experimental and actual solar plants.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 2020
In this study modular MATLAB program is presented, where an equation oriented programming with Ma... more In this study modular MATLAB program is presented, where an equation oriented programming with MatLab 2020 is used to provide friendly user-interface of the developed program. This program can be used to perform reliable design, performance, and optimization calculations for multiple effect evaporator (MEE) desalination systems with different configurations under different operating conditions. In addition, by using this program modifications for existing desalination plants can be conducted. The developed program manipulates the considered configuration based on the graph theory with the number of units, streams and their types where the relationships between the streams and the units are identified. The program constructs a large matrix that is solved for temperatures, flow rates of the streams and the heat transfer area of the effects and heat exchangers. The accuracy and reliability of our program were verified using six different cases from the available data in the literature. These cases include forward, backward, mixed, and parallel feed MEE configurations with and without thermal-vapor compressor. Different computation modes were used for large number of plant configurations, this illustrates the capability of the developed program. Comparable and accurate results were obtained, the absolute relative errors for the studied cases ranged from 0.412% to 11.292%. This indicates that the program has potential applicability to work with different configuration for Multiple Effect Evaporator (MEE) desalination plants.
Evaluations of a newly developed friction-factor equation (and hence a new gas-flow formula) indi... more Evaluations of a newly developed friction-factor equation (and hence a new gas-flow formula) indicate that it produces higher accuracy than all equations currently in use. Further, the new equation can be conveniently sued to optimize operating conditions of any existing gas pipeline or aid in designing new, similar gas pipelines. The evaluation of the new equation showed it to be
Organic Rankine cycles (ORC) have unique properties that are well suited to solar power generatio... more Organic Rankine cycles (ORC) have unique properties that are well suited to solar power generation. In this work design and performance calculations are performed using MatLab/SimuLink computational environment. The cycle consists of thermal solar collectors (Flat Plate Solar Collector (FPC), or Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC), or Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC)) for heat input, expansion turbine for work output, condenser unit for heat rejection, pump unit, and Reverse Osmosis (RO) unit. Reverse osmosis unit specifications used in this work is based on Sharm El-Shiekh RO desalination plant. Different working fluids such as: butane, isobutane, propane, R134a, R152a, R245ca, and R245fa are examined for FPC. R113, R123, hexane, and pentane are investigated for CPC. Dodecane, nonane, octane, and toluene are allocated for PTC. The proposed process units are modeled and show a good validity with literatures. Exergy and cost analysis are performed for saturation and superheated operating conditions. Exergy efficiency, total exergy destruction, thermal efficiency, and specific capital cost are evaluated for direct vapor generation (DVG) process. Toluene and Water achieved minimum results for total solar collector area, specific total cost and the rate of exergy destruction.
Theoretical analysis of entropy generation and availability destruction of &&n'' similar cocurren... more Theoretical analysis of entropy generation and availability destruction of &&n'' similar cocurrent or countercurrent heat exchangers connected in series are presented. A criterion for comparing the relative performance of any number of in-series connected similar heat exchangers is developed. The e!ect of di!erent in#uencing parameters such as the number of connected heat exchangers, the individual e!ectiveness of each unit, the heat capacity rate ratio and #ow arrangement on the quality of heat exchange are presented. It is found that, the maximum of availability destruction (maximum entropy generation) for in-series-connected similar cocurrent heat exchangers is obtained at *"1/(1#). However, for counter-current heat exchangers connected in-series; * L "1/(L G GL). This analysis might be useful for a proper choice of the number of heat exchangers to be connected together and the choice for the best operating conditions.
Good predictions for solar still performance under certain weather conditions and design paramete... more Good predictions for solar still performance under certain weather conditions and design parameters will not only save time but also money. The water productivity can be predicted by a number of published correlations that are given by Ebiling et al. [3] and Riera et al. [7]. These ...
A small unit for water desalination by solar energy and flash evaporation process is investigated... more A small unit for water desalination by solar energy and flash evaporation process is investigated. The system is built at the Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering at Suez-Egypt. The system consists of a solar water heater (flat plate solar collector) working as a brine heater, and a vertical flash unit which is attached with a condenser/preheater unit. In this work, the system is investigated theoretically and experimentally at different real environmental conditions along Julian days of one year. A mathematical model is developed to calculate the productivity of the system under different operating conditions. BIRD model for the calculation of solar insolation is used to predict the solar insolation instantaneously. Also the solar insolation is measured by a high sensitive digital pyranometer. Comparison between the theoretical and experimental results is performed. The system is tested during the summer and winter months. The average accumulative productivity of the system in November, December and January raged between 2.5 to 3.5 kg/day. The average summer productivity ranged between 13 to 16 kg/day in July and August and 10 to 12 kg/day in June.
A numerical investigation of a humidification dehumidification desalination (HDD) process using s... more A numerical investigation of a humidification dehumidification desalination (HDD) process using solar energy is presented. The HDD system consists mainly of a concentrating solar water heating collector, flat plate solar air heating collector, humidifying tower and dehumidifying exchanger. Two separate circulating loops constitute the HDD system, the first for heating the feed water and the second for heating air. A mathematical model is developed, simulating the HDD system, to study the influence of the different system configurations, weather and operating conditions on the system productivity. The model validity is examined by comparing the theoretical and experimental results of the same authors. It is found that the results of the developed mathematical model are in good agreement with the experimental results and other published works. The results show also that the productivity of the unit is strongly influenced by the air flow rate, cooling water flow rate and total solar energy incident through the day. Wind speed and ambient temperature variations show a very small effect on the system productivity. In addition, the obtained results indicate that the solar water collector area strongly affects the system productivity, more so than the solar air collector area.
When the demand of fresh water does not exceed a few cubic meters, the solar still is a viable op... more When the demand of fresh water does not exceed a few cubic meters, the solar still is a viable option. Productivity enhancement for this process was one of the main goals of the researchers. In this work, the effect of using the floating perforated black plate on the productivity process is investigated theoretically and experimentally at different brine depths under the same operating conditions. A mathematical model is developed to calculate the theoretical productivity of the solar still with the floating perforated black plate. Two experimental still units of 0.25 m 2 each are constructed. Comparison between the theoretical and experimental results is considered. In this work, it is found that the results of the developed mathematical model are in good agreement with the experimental results. Also, it is found that using the floating perforated black aluminum plate in the solar still increases solar still productivity by 15% (at brine depth of 3 cm) and 40% (at brine depth of 6 cm.).
The distilled water productivity of the single basin solar still is very limited. Some methods ha... more The distilled water productivity of the single basin solar still is very limited. Some methods have to be developed to improve this productivity. Using black rubber or black gravel materials within a single sloped solar still as a storage medium is examined in this work. To study experimentally the eect of dierent parameters such as rubber thickness and gravel size under the same operating conditions, four identical still units are designed and constructed. The experimental results showed that black rubber (10 mm thick) improves the productivity by 20% at the conditions of 60 l/m 2 brine volume and 15°glass cover angle. Also, using black gravel of 20±30 mm size improves the productivity by 19% at the conditions of 20 l/m 2 brine volume and 15°of glass cover angle.
Solar power assisted different techniques of MED-VC (multi effect distillation-vapor compression)... more Solar power assisted different techniques of MED-VC (multi effect distillation-vapor compression) processes is thermo-economically analyzed and evaluated. In this work, two techniques of solar power cycles are considered to power on MED-PF-TVC, MVC (multi effect distillation thermal and mechanical vapor compressions). In the first technique, the developed solar thermal power is directly transmitted from the solar collector field via boiler heat exchanger unit toward the steam ejector of the MED-PF-TVC process. In the second technique, the electrical power generated from the SORC (Solar Organic Rankine Cycle) is used to power on the vapor compressor of the MED-PF-MVC process. The comparison is implemented according to the operation of PTC (parabolic trough collector) with Toluene organic oil and Water working fluids (2nd technique). Therminol-VP1 HTO (Heat Transfer Oil) is considered across the solar field and water is considered for boiler heat exchanger (1st technique). A case study is performed according to 4545 m 3 /day of distillate product. As a result, reducing the value of compression ratio with increasing the evaporator's numbers would reduce the specific power consumption, solar field area, and thermo-economic costs. Also it is clear that the operation of steam ejector would increase the gain ratio instead of increasing the evaporator's numbers.
... MABROUK Abdel-Nasser A. (1) ; NAFEY Ahmed S. (2) ; FATH Hassan ES (3) ; ... Science, Suez Can... more ... MABROUK Abdel-Nasser A. (1) ; NAFEY Ahmed S. (2) ; FATH Hassan ES (3) ; ... Science, Suez Canal University, Suez, EGYPTE (2) Faculty of Petroleum & Mining Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Suez Canal University, Suez, EGYPTE (3) Masdar Institute of ...
This work presents thermoeconomic design for a multi-effect evaporation-mechanical vapor compress... more This work presents thermoeconomic design for a multi-effect evaporation-mechanical vapor compression (MEE-MVC) desalination process. Exergy and thermoeconomic mathematical models of the considered process units are developed and presented in this work. The design data of an existing MEE-MVC (1500 m 3 /day) desalination process is used for the present analysis. The effect of using external steam to initiate the evaporation process is investigated. The MEE-MVC without external steam is investigated under different operating conditions. The developed Visual Design and Simulation (VDS) package is utilized as a powerful tool for the present analysis. The energy analysis shows that the thermal performance ratio of the considered system with external steam is 8% less than that the system without external steam. Thermoeconomic analysis shows the unit product cost is 29% higher in the system of external steam. The unit product cost of the desalted water at the normal operation (without external steam) is calculated by 1.7 $/m 3. For system without external steam, by reducing the pressure ratio of the vapor compressor from 1.35 to 1.15, the capital cost of the compressor is reduced by 16%. The specific power consumption is also reduced by 50%. Sequentially, the unit product cost is reduced from 1.7 to 1.24 $/m 3 (27% reduction). Thermoeconomic results show that, reducing the splitter ratio of the brine re-circulation flow rate from 0.5 to 0.25 while the compression ratio is specified by 1.15, the unit product cost decreases to 1.21 $/m 3. Using the design condition of the considered MEE-MVC desalination plant, thermoeconomic results show that the minimum unit product cost is obtained at three evaporators. As the unit product cost at two evaporators and three evaporators are almost the same and due to the complexity and maintenance requirements, the system of two evaporators is preferable. By increasing the capacity of the considered process from 1500 m 3 /day to 5000 m 3 /day, the results show that the unit product cost at two and three evaporators are almost the same. Design calculations show that increasing the required capacity of the considered system, the unit product cost decreases.
In this work, a number of comparisons for Multi Effect Evaporation (MEE) and hybrid Multi Effect ... more In this work, a number of comparisons for Multi Effect Evaporation (MEE) and hybrid Multi Effect Evaporation-Multi Stage Flash (MEE-MSF) systems are performed using the exergy and thermoeconomic analysis. The comparison is performed based on the same platform and working under the same operating conditions. The numerical results reveal that the Forward Feed Multi Effect Evaporation (MEE-FF) performance ratio is 42% higher than that of the parallel/cross multi effect evaporation (MEE-P/C) system. The exergetic efficiency of the forward feed system is 17% higher than that of the parallel/cross feed system. As a result, the unit product cost of the MEE-FF configuration is 40% less than that of the MEE-P/C for eight effects. Thermoeconomic analysis of the hybrid (MEE-MSF) system showed that the running cost decreases with increasing the module number, however the capital cost increases. As a result, the minimum unit product cost is obtained at 8 modules and is settled by 1.65 $/m 3. Comparison between MSF (20 stages), MEE-FF (10 effects), and the hybrid MEE-MSF (10 modules) showed that the unit product cost of the hybrid MEE-MSF system is obtained as 1.7 $/m 3 which is 31% less than that of the MSF(2.63 $/m 3) system and 9% less than that of the MEE-FF (1.87 $/m 3) system. These results show that the hybrid MEE-MSF is more economical than either stand alone MSF or MEE system.
This paper presents a methodology of exergy and thermoeconomics analysis for performance of the M... more This paper presents a methodology of exergy and thermoeconomics analysis for performance of the Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) plants using a newly developed visual package, by the authors, for Visual Design and Simulation (VDS) of thermal desalination plants. This methodology gets insight the details that can not be obtained by the first law analysis. The main target of these analyses is pursuing provision of insight improvements of MSF process as well as to determine the product water unit cost. Thermo-economics results showed that, the cost of the overall MSF desalination plant can be improved by reducing the exergy destruction in the desuperheater, the flash stages, and the brine recirculation pump. Thermo-economics evaluation showed also that the total cost rate of the rejected and blow down streams is greater than the cost of the exergy destruction in the overall process. This result indicates that more investigations in the process configuration are important. Based on the recent tender of 5000 m 3 /dar MSF plant of Eoun Mousa (Egypt), the thermoeconomics results showed that the unit cost of the produced fresh water is 1.14 $/m 3. The analysis of the plant under partial loads showed that the unit product cost increased by 45 % when the load decreased to 53 % of its design value.
Process simulation has become an accepted tool for the performance, design, and optimization calc... more Process simulation has become an accepted tool for the performance, design, and optimization calculations of solar desalination process units. Solving the mathematical models representing these units and systems is a tedious and repetitive problem. Nested ...
In this work, a new design of a Multi Stage Flash-Mechanical Vapor Compression (MSF-MVC) desalina... more In this work, a new design of a Multi Stage Flash-Mechanical Vapor Compression (MSF-MVC) desalination process is investigated. The analysis of the proposed MSF-MVC system is performed based on the energy, exergy and thermoeconomic methodologies. The considered system is investigated under different operating conditions using a developed Visual Design and Simulation (VDS) software. To examine the performance of the proposed process, a comparison with the conventional MSF desalination process is performed. Thermoeconomic results show that, the best operating suction pressure is 8 kPa and the best top brine temperature is 110°C. The effect of the stages number of the heat recovery section is investigated and the results show that the low unit product cost is obtained at 20 stages. The effect of the temperature difference across the vent chamber is conducted and the results show that the lower unit product cost is 6°C. Thermoeconomic analysis shows that the last stage (vent chamber) has the highest value of the sum of capital and operation & maintenance cost in addition to the exergy destruction cost. Also the last stage has higher relative cost difference and lower exergetic efficiency. This in turn shows that a reduction in the exergy destruction within the vent chamber will reduce the unit product cost. The performance ratio of the proposed MSF-MVC system is 2.4 times the performance ratio of the conventional MSF process. The heat transfer area of the MSF-MVC system is 57 % higher than that of the conventional MSF. The exergetic efficiency of the MSF-MVC system is 67 % higher than that of the MSF. The thermoeconomic results show that the unit product cost of MSF-MVC, under the specified conditions, is calculated by 2.0 $/m 3 and this value is 25 % less than that of the conventional MSF process.
ABSTRACT Solar energy with different configurations of multi-effect distillation process is therm... more ABSTRACT Solar energy with different configurations of multi-effect distillation process is thermo-economically evaluated. In this work, two different combined solar cycles with different configurations of multi effect distillation (MED) processes are considered. In the first technique, the solar energy is directly utilized from the solar collector field via evaporator heat exchanger to the first effect of the MED process. This technique produces only potable water. In the second technique, the exhausted energy from the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) turbine is used in the first effect of the MED process. The second technique produces power electricity and desalted water. The comparison is implemented according to the operation of Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) with toluene organic oil and water working fluids. Therminol-VP1 Heat Transfer Oil (HTO) is considered for indirect vapor generation operation across the solar field and evaporator heat exchanger. The comparisons are manipulated according to 100m3/day of distillate product as a case study. As a result, only desalination technique is considered more attractive than desalination and power technique due to higher gain ratio and lower solar field area needed. Parallel feed configuration is dominated against the forward feed with feed heater configuration while increasing the number of effects to more than 12 effects.
... Three different configurations are used for this comparison (Basic, Pelton Wheel Turbine, and... more ... Three different configurations are used for this comparison (Basic, Pelton Wheel Turbine, and the Pressure Exchanger) with Sharm El-Shiekh RO desalination plant for a total productivity about 145.8 m 3 /h (40.5 kg/s). As a result of this analysis, the unit product cost of Pelton ...
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