A. Molina

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Jean-Jacques Hublin

Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

Khalid Javed

University Of Veterinary And Animal Sciences Lahore

stavros Lazaris

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / French National Centre for Scientific Research

Michael Neale

Virginia Commonwealth University

Moawiya A Haddad

Al-Balqa Applied University

Tolga AKCAN

Dokuz Eylül University

Roy Hora

CONICET

Onur Yilmaz

Adnan Menderes University

Viacheslav Kuleshov

Stockholm University

Vicente E. Vega-Murillo

Universidad Veracruzana

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Genetic variability for heat stress sensitivity in Merino de Grazalema sheep

Small Ruminant Research, 2014

ABSTRACT Different fixed linear models and reaction norm genetic models were used to estimate hea... more ABSTRACT Different fixed linear models and reaction norm genetic models were used to estimate heat stress effects, which were measured by a combined index of average temperature and relative humidity known as THI, registered on the same test day (TD). A total of 17,602 TD with the results of daily milk yield (MY), daily fat plus protein yield (FP) and daily dry matter yield (DM) were available. These data are from 2622 Merino Grazalema sheep: daughters of 77 bucks and 870 ewes kidding between 2006 and 2011 in a total of 27 dairy units in Andalusia, Spain. During the period of the study, the productive characteristic increased slightly, whereas the climatic variables and the THI index increased substantially. The analyses shows the presence of a comfort zone (THI &lt; 47) where the heat stress had no effect, but at THI ≥ 48 a depressive heat stress thermal zone started to take effect and MY decreased at a rate of −17 g of milk/day for each THI point, which consequently affected the FP and DM daily yield. In genetic terms, it was found that the (co)variance components were heterogeneous throughout the trajectory of the THI scales. Hence, the best animals selected in the comfort zone are not the best in a stress zone. The estimates of heritability (h2) within the comfort zone were h2 = 0.161 for MY, h2 = 0.151 for FP and h2 = 0.157 for DM, but at THI ≥ 48 decreased to h2 = 0.081; h2 = 0.094 and h2 = 0.105 for the same dependent variables. The principal components analysis of the genetic correlations matrices shows that the first eigenvalue accounts for between 71% and 82% of the total genetic variance, whereas the second eigenvalue accounts for around 17%, which indicates the presence of possible changes in the form of response throughout the THI scale. The use of a reaction norm model is highly recommended in the breeding program of this sheep breed, since it shows an important genetic variability in the sensitivity of the animals to heat stress and to identify robust animals with respect to the changes along the trajectory of THI.

Meat quality of tenderloin from Iberian pigs as affected by breed strain and crossbreeding

Meat Science, 2009

In 2007, a new National Quality Standard was published in Spain to regulate the products derived ... more In 2007, a new National Quality Standard was published in Spain to regulate the products derived from the Iberian pig carcass, including for the first time fresh meat. In the same way, four different Iberian strains were recognized as official (Lampiño, Entrepelado, Retinto and Torbiscal). A batch (n = 10) of each pig strain was selected using neutral DNA markers, and another batch of the most common crossbreeding pigs (Iberian Â Duroc) was included into the study as a control. The main meat quality parameters of tenderloin, the most expensive meat cut for fresh consumption, from those five pig groups were analysed. Retinto and Lampiño strains showed the closest phenotypic distances, followed by Entrepelado strain. Meat from crossed and Torbiscal pigs had lower water holding capacity, L* and a*, and higher SFA than meat from the other three strains. Crossbred pigs had the lowest protein, intramuscular fat and PUFA contents.

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