Papers by Arnauld Djissou
Effect of Stocking Density on the Survival and Growth of <i>Hoplobatrachus occipitalis</i> (Gunther, 1858) (Amphibia: Dicroglossidae) of Tadpoles Reared in Ponds from Benin
International Journal of Aquaculture, 2018
Density is one of the important factors to be considered in frogs rearing. The current study aims... more Density is one of the important factors to be considered in frogs rearing. The current study aims to evaluate the effect of this parameter on the survival and growth of Hoplobatrachus occipitalis tadpoles in circular plastic ponds (Diameter: 24 cm; volume: 60 L) for 24 days. Four stocking densities (5, 10, 15 and 20 tadpoles/L), respectively represented by D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , and D 4 were tested on tadpoles (initial mean weight 0.283 ± 0.031 g) in triplicate. Tadpoles were daily fed at 6% of biomass every hour from 8 a.m to 6 p.m on Coppens fish feed. At the end of experiment, parameters such as final biomass (9.386 ± 0.240 to 23.750 ± 0.601 g), specific growth rate (1.960 ± 0.326 to 4.220 ± 0.255%/d-1), daily weight gain (0.022 ± 0.021 to 0.735 ± 0.026 g/d), survival rate (30.388 ± 1.734 to 86.333 ± 3.333%) and feed conversion rate (1.436 ± 0.023 to 2.185 ± 0.218) showed the lowest values in the highest stocking densities. The final biomass, specific growth rate, daily weight gain and survival rate recorded in D 1 tadpoles were significantly higher ( p ˂0.05) compared to the other lots. Thus the optimal stocking density is 5 tadpoles/L to ensure a good growth of H. occipitalis tadpoles in circular ponds.
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2017
In order to realize the first breeding trials of the Silver catfish Schilbe intermedius, the effe... more In order to realize the first breeding trials of the Silver catfish Schilbe intermedius, the effects of stocking density on growth, survival and feed utilization for this specie was examined. The experiment was conducted in circular concrete tanks during 42 days. Six stocking densities (40, 80,120, 160, 200 and 240 fish/m 3) represented respectively by D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6 were tested in triplicate each on fingerlings (5.98±0.025 g body weight). Fishes were fed with the commercial food Coppens (protein 56%, diameter of 0.8 mm). The results showed that, mean body weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency ratio were significantly affected by fish's densities (P<0.05). Except D6, the other densities showed the best growth performances and the higher were recorded with D4. Survival rates were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by stocking densities and ranged from 99.33 ± 0.66-100 ± 0.00%. Therefore, the most suitable stocking density for rearing of S. intermedius fingerlings in concrete tanks is 160fishes/m3 (D4).
International Journal of Aquaculture, Apr 17, 2020
The captive breeding of the Silver catfish Schilbe intermedius was envisaged to promote the aquac... more The captive breeding of the Silver catfish Schilbe intermedius was envisaged to promote the aquaculture and to reduce the overfishing of this endangered species. S. intermedius fingerlings were fed various dietary protein levels to investigate their growth performance, feed utilization and carcass proximate composition. Fish meal and casein were the sources of protein used in the study. Six isocaloric experimental diets containing 25%~60% crud protein (CP) diet have been fed to three-replicate six groups of forty (40) fishes (mean weight: (1.640±0.015) g) for 8 weeks. Both percent weight gain and feed efficiency ratio significantly increased with increasing dietary protein levels up to 45%, while there were no significant differences for protein levels from 45 to 60%. Growth performances and nutrient utilization parameters of fingerlings fed different diets varied significantly (p < 0.05) and the highest growth performance and nutrient utilization were obtained with fish fed on a 45% CP diet. The second order polynomial regression between dietary protein and specific growth rate (SGR) indicated that protein requirements of S. intermedius fingerlings ranged from 42.5 to 53% of diet. The highest protein content of the fish carcasses was found in fish fed 45% dietary protein and there was not significantly different (p > 0.05) with that of fish fed 60% dietary protein. Lipid content increased with increasing dietary protein levels. The dry matter and protein content of the initial sample were significantly higher (p > 0.05) than the values after feeding the fish with experimental diet.
Valorization of agro-alimentary waste for a production of maggots like source of proteins in the ... more Valorization of agro-alimentary waste for a production of maggots like source of proteins in the animal feeds
F ood self-sufficiency in animal protein is nowadays a challenge for Benin's economic development... more F ood self-sufficiency in animal protein is nowadays a challenge for Benin's economic development. Fish products play a very important role in human nutrition. They constitute the most important source of animal protein in the diet of the Beninese population and represent 31.9% of the proteins of animal origin then 5.5% of the total proteins (FAO, 2016). In Benin, the supply of fishery resources is proving difficult on an ongoing basis because of overfishing, which is leading to a considerable reduction in fish stocks. Despite this, some of these resources are used for the production of farmed food. This is the case of flour and fish oil considered as good food for fish. It is therefore imperative to promote fish farming in its diversification in order to reduce, on the one hand, the import of frozen fish research Article Abstract | In order to make maggot meal (Musca domestica) available for use in fish feed, a production experiment was conducted to determine the easy harvesting method to maximize maggot production density by surface unit with appropriate technological means for their drying. For example, the simple sifter (MTS), hot water (MEC), single water (MES), hot water sifter (MTEC) and single water sifter (MTES) methods were tested in triplicate for the harvest of maggots from the same type of production substrate (2: 1 ratio of viscera and soy cake) and four technological means (sun drying sifter, improved sun drying device, freeze-dryer and electric oven) used to dry the maggots harvested. The results showed that in addition to the harvesting time, which varies according to the harvesting method, there is a significant difference (P<0.05) for the density of production of maggots by unit area with the best density obtained with the sifter method-hot water (MTEC, 833.33 g.m-2). The drying of the maggots in the freeze dryer and in the improved sun drying device allowed a better preservation of the physical appearance of the maggots with a better biochemical composition, especially in crude proteins (P>0.05). From this experiment, the best method of harvesting maggots is that using the sifter associated with hot water and the improved sun drying device is the effective technological means of drying maggots because it allows for a good content in protein and does not require energy cost.
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2016
For a period of 42 days, a total replacement of the fish meal by a mixture of unconventional sour... more For a period of 42 days, a total replacement of the fish meal by a mixture of unconventional sources of proteins (Azolla filiculoides, Dialium guineense leaf, brewers' yeast and maggot) was carried out for the of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Five experimental diets isoproteic (34.6 ± 0.5%) reference diet and four test diets (A1 to A4) were used to feed O. niloticus fingerlings of average weight. At the end, the final mean weight (FW) and the daily weight gain (DWG) in the test diets (13.66 to 14.84g) were lower than those obtained by reference diet (18.45g) with P<0.05 The same observation was made with the SGR (1.17-1.33 vs 1.83% day-1) and PI (4.24-4.85 vs 5.80) in diets. The survival rate was not affected by the experimental diets, in the same way for the FCR and the PER, except the diet A1 (P<0.05). Productive Protein Values (PPV) were between fin the reference diet A0 and 2 (0.39 vs 0.35 respectively) re are no significant difference with P>0.05 Threonine app...
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2016
Captive breeding of new species such as Schilbe intermedius appears today one of the solutions to... more Captive breeding of new species such as Schilbe intermedius appears today one of the solutions to reduce the overfishing. Successful aquaculture requires among other, appropriate stocking density of fish in breeding. The current study analysed the effect of stocking density on growth and survival of the larvae of the butter catfish S. intermedius in circular tanks. During 24 days, six stocking densities (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 larvae.l-1) represented respectively by D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6 were tested on larvae (0.152 ± 0.001g body weight) in triplicate each. The larvae were fed daily at 10% of body weight every hour from 08:00 am to 08:00 pm with the Coppens (56% protein). The results of the final body weight (FBW), final specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), Survival rate (SR), daily weight gain (MDWG) and performance index showed lower values at higher stocking densities. Survival rate ranged from 29.66±0.25 to 66.33±1.2%, while specific growth rate ranged between...
International Journal of Aquaculture, 2020
The captive breeding of the Silver catfish Schilbe intermedius was envisaged to promote the aquac... more The captive breeding of the Silver catfish Schilbe intermedius was envisaged to promote the aquaculture and to reduce the overfishing of this endangered species. S. intermedius fingerlings were fed various dietary protein levels to investigate their growth performance, feed utilization and carcass proximate composition. Fish meal and casein were the sources of protein used in the study. Six isocaloric experimental diets containing 25%~60% crud protein (CP) diet have been fed to three-replicate six groups of forty (40) fishes (mean weight: (1.640±0.015) g) for 8 weeks. Both percent weight gain and feed efficiency ratio significantly increased with increasing dietary protein levels up to 45%, while there were no significant differences for protein levels from 45 to 60%. Growth performances and nutrient utilization parameters of fingerlings fed different diets varied significantly (p < 0.05) and the highest growth performance and nutrient utilization were obtained with fish fed on a 45% CP diet. The second order polynomial regression between dietary protein and specific growth rate (SGR) indicated that protein requirements of S. intermedius fingerlings ranged from 42.5 to 53% of diet. The highest protein content of the fish carcasses was found in fish fed 45% dietary protein and there was not significantly different (p > 0.05) with that of fish fed 60% dietary protein. Lipid content increased with increasing dietary protein levels. The dry matter and protein content of the initial sample were significantly higher (p > 0.05) than the values after feeding the fish with experimental diet.
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2016
Transport is stressful to fish. The essential factors to take into consideration to reduce mortal... more Transport is stressful to fish. The essential factors to take into consideration to reduce mortality during transport and storage of Schilbe intermedius (R
Le transport est une source de stress pour les poissons. Les facteurs essentiels a considerer pou... more Le transport est une source de stress pour les poissons. Les facteurs essentiels a considerer pour reduire la mortalite lors du transport et le stockage de Schilbe intermedius (Ruppell, 1832) ont ete evalues par une serie d’experiences. Deux systemes dont l’un ferme et l’autre ouvert ont ete utilises pour transporter par voie terrestre de jour (6h-8h) et de nuit (20h-22h) des alevins de 1,8 a 2,5g et des adultes de 16,5 a 23g. Pour des densites de 10; 12,5; 15; 17,5 individus/L d’eau (alevins) et 5; 7,5; 10; 12,5 individus/L d’eau (adultes), les poissons ont ete transportes pendants 30, 75 et 120 minutes. Le stockage a ete realise pendant 7 jours en etangs et en bassins soumis a different mode de renouvellement d’eau (continu de 1L/min, quotidien au 2/3 et sans renouvellement). Le systeme ferme s’est revele le plus efficace pour le transport. Les meilleures densites de transport avec ce systeme sont de 12,5 individus/L et de 7,5 individus/L respectivement pour les alevins et les adu...
The amino acid compositions of Azolla filiculoides, Moringa oleifera and Dialum guineensis were ... more The amino acid compositions of Azolla filiculoides, Moringa oleifera and Dialum guineensis were determined on a dry weight basis. The total amino acids ranged from 50.83-83.01g/100 g crude protein and the essential total percentage of amino acids was 42.16% ( A. filiculoides ), 45.64% ( M. oleifera ) and 45.73% ( D. guineensis ). Acid amino acids (aspartic acid and glutamic acid) were the most concentrated amino acids in the samples while aromatic amino acids were slightly concentrated. In all the amino acids determined, D. guineensis had the most concentrated amino acids than A. filiculoides and M. oleifera . The calculated isoelectric points were 1.7 ( A. filiculoides ), 1.7 ( M. oleifera ) and 2.8 ( D. guineensis ), showing they can all be precipitated at acidic pH. Methionine was the limiting amino acid in A. filiculoides. The amino acid score showed that lysine ranged from 0.44-0.94 (on provisional essential amino acid scoring pattern) translating the quality of the sources ...
Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2019
For Oreochromis niloticus rearing, a feeding test was carried out for 42 days on fingerlings fish... more For Oreochromis niloticus rearing, a feeding test was carried out for 42 days on fingerlings fish with an average initial weight of 4.6 g. Five experimental isoproteic and isoenergetic diets (30.44±1% protein; 19.64±0.23 kJ. g-1) were formulated, including one (D1) control containing fish meal, and meet the essential amino acid requirements of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. In triplicate, fish meal was completely replaced by ratios of 3:5, 1:2, 2:5, 1:3 between Moringa oleifera leaves and maggots respectively for feed D2, D3, D4 and D5. At the end, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed on the growth and feed utilization performances between the control diet (D1) and the other (D2 to D5) diets without fish meal. These have been reduced in diets without fish meal. The survival and feed utilization were significantly affected by the ratios between Moringa oleifera leaves and maggot meals in the diets tested with the best results obtained with D2 diet (ratio 3:5). Protei...
In order to reduce the high cost of aquaculture feed, domestic fly larvae (maggots) have been tra... more In order to reduce the high cost of aquaculture feed, domestic fly larvae (maggots) have been transformed into maggot meal (FA) for the replacement of Artemia in the larval rearing of Clarias gariepinus. Larvae of Clarias gariepinus with an initial average weight of 3 ± 0.05 mg were obtained 5 days after artificial propagation. One control and four experimental regimens of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% of Artemia (58.1 ± 0.5% isoprotein) were administered in this study. Three days after artificial propagation, the larvae were acclimatized alternately with artemia and AF every 1 h for 1 day. Then, they were divided into 15 basins each containing 300 larvae per 100L of water and subjected to a ration of 50% of their total biomass distributed in five daily meals for 24 days. At the end of the experiments, the growth parameters (final average weight and weight gain) were better at the control diet (T1) followed respectively by T2 (25% Artemia) and T3 (50% Artemia) regimes.). All diets have...
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2018
In order to promote new local protein sources to fish feed, a study based on maggot production fr... more In order to promote new local protein sources to fish feed, a study based on maggot production from a mixture of chicken viscera and soya cake was carried out in the station of research on fish farming diversification of the University of Abomey-Calavi (Benin) to determine the proportions of substrates combination that can provide the best productivity of maggot. Five treatments (T1 to T5) made of chicken viscera (CV) and soya cake (SC) with different ratios served to produce maggot. Ratios 1:1; 2:1; 1:2; 1:3 and 3:1 among chicken viscera and soya cake were used to constitute respectively treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. Resulting from the experiment, the density of production varies significantly at the level according to ratios of the different treatments. The temperature values (28.2 ± 0.6 °C) and the relative humidity (96 ± 2%) recorded show that they comply with the requirements to maggot development of maximum production. The mean productivity varied between 660 and 1250 according to the ratio of the different treatments. The best production densities of maggot such as 13.89 and 11.67 g/100g are respectively obtained with ratios 2:1 and 1:3 between CV and SC. This density of production is according of the nature but especially of the proportion of chicken viscera and soya cake in the mixture. Mean heights increased when the proportion of SC is high and the individual mean weight remained high when the proportion of CV in the mixture is higher or equals to those of SC.
Amino Acids Composition of Maggot, Earthworm, Termite and Chicken Viscera Meals Used as Proteins Sources in Fish Feeding
International Journal of Aquaculture, 2018
The present study was conducted to compare the nutritive value of animal protein sources such as ... more The present study was conducted to compare the nutritive value of animal protein sources such as maggot meal (MM), earthworm meal (EM), termite meal (TM) and chicken viscera meal (CM) for fish feeding. Amino acids composition was determined in triplicate by HPLC method. These sources were rich in crude protein (54.30-71.8%), crude fat (10.7-18.7%) and crude fibre (5.7-9.7%). The total amino acid ranged from 18.8 to 57.19 g/100 g of crude protein and the percentages of essential amino acids were 61.58% (MM), 46.21% (EM), 32.02% (TM) and 45.72% (CM). CM was the richest in total acid amino acid (Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid) than other protein sources whereas basic amino acid (Histidine, Lysine and Arginine) was higher in MM than others. Leucine has the most concentrated amino acid in MM, EM and CM whereas there is phenylalanine in TM. Predicted protein efficiency ratio (P-PER 1 and P-PER 2 ) values were (2.16, 2.14) MM, (0.68, 0.67) EM, (0.79, 0.27) TM, and (1.20, 1.13) CM respectively; isoelectric point (pI) ranged from 1.10 to 3.65; chemical index (ICh) values were: (1.07) MM, (0.24) EM, (0.11) TM and (0.61) CM. Consequently, the results showed that MM was better at 76.47%, CM in 17.64% while TM was better at 5.88%. Based on these, maggot, earthworm and chicken viscera would be recommended as alternative protein sources to fish meal, especially maggot for fish feeding.
Indian Journal of Fisheries, 2017
In order to eliminate use of fishmeal in aquafeeds, we evaluated the effect of total replacement ... more In order to eliminate use of fishmeal in aquafeeds, we evaluated the effect of total replacement of fish meal by a mixture of earthworm (Eisenia foetida) and aquatic fern Azolla filiculoides in the diets of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). The experiment was conducted in O. niloticus fingerlings (initial mean weight = 5.6±0.2 g) for a period of 60 days. Five experimental diets isoproteic (30.4±0.6% protein) comprising control diet A0 and four test diets (A1 to A4) without fish meal were formulated. To satisfy essential amino acids requirements in test diets, the ratios 2:1; 1:1; 1:2; 1:5 between A. filiculoides and earthworm meals were used respectively in total replacement of fish meal. The diets were tested in triplicate. On termination of the experiment, the final mean weights in the test diets (10.79 to 11.94 g) were lower than 14.9 g obtained in group fed control diet (p<0.05). The best growth performance and feed utilisation were obtained in fish fed tes...
International Aquatic Research, 2016
To completely replace the fish meal by a mixture of earthworm and maggot meals, experimental diet... more To completely replace the fish meal by a mixture of earthworm and maggot meals, experimental diets were tested during 42 days on Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Five isoproteic and isoenergetic diets (40 % crude protein and 17.9 ± 0.3 kJ g-1) including the control diet (D1) based on fish meal, were formulated. All these diets satisfied the essential amino acids requirements of C. gariepinus fingerlings. These diets were tested on triplicate groups of 50 fishes (initial body weight: 3 ± 0.1 g) bred in tank (0.5 m 3). The approximate ratios 2:5; 1:4; 1:12 and 0:1 between the earthworm meal and the maggot meal were used, respectively, to formulate four diets D2, D3, D4 and D5 without fish meal. After the feeding period, significant differences (P \ 0.05) were observed on growth, feed utilization between control diet (D1) and test diets (D2-D5). Fish fed earthworm-and maggot-based diets were grown better than those fed the control diet. Survival and feed utilization were not significantly affected by the ratio between earthworm meal and maggot meal in the test diets. Lipid content was higher in carcass and fillet of fishes fed earthworm-and maggot meals-based diets than that of those fed fish meal-based diet. This study indicates that when the ratio 2:5 between the earthworm meal and the maggot meal is used to entirely replace fish meal and the ratio lysine/arginine of the diet is inferior to 1, the growth performances and feed utilization of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings are improved.
Feeding rate requirements for Schilbe intermedius (Rüppel, 1832) fingerlings reared in captivity
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Papers by Arnauld Djissou