Papers by Alan Cruttenden
Phonetic and prosodic aspects of Baby Talk
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Apr 14, 1994
Abstract 1.[discuss] the existence of phonetic and prosodic adjustments in adults' speech to... more Abstract 1.[discuss] the existence of phonetic and prosodic adjustments in adults' speech to young children/survey firstly the characteristics of BTPh [Baby Talk phonetics] and BTPr [Baby Talk prosody]/[discuss] the fine-tuning and near-universality [and crosslinguistic, ...
Language in infancy and childhood
Latin-based alphabets outside Europe
Gimson's Pronunciation of English
Routledge eBooks, Feb 5, 2014
Lingua, 1974
'ihe probiems of isoiating sentence adverbiais as a class are discussed. An attempt is then trade... more 'ihe probiems of isoiating sentence adverbiais as a class are discussed. An attempt is then trade to subcaiegorise adverbials to take account of their trans.ormational relations and other sj ntactic characteristics. The intonation of English sentence adverbials is then considered with sibecid reference to sentence-initial position. It is found thiat there are correlations between i! tonation and syntactic class; and tnat other factors conditioning choice of intonation include: tI\e inherent semantics of the adverb; whether it modifies a sentence containing "new" or " :iven" information; and the attitude of the speaker. The interaction of these various factors is cl>nsidered in some detail. The findings are tested against informant reaction tests. Syntax We began this piece of work' by asking ourselves what factors cr,~tribute to the selection of the appropriate British English intonation for a given sentence adverbial. It soon became clear that, although other factors were involved, the question of which syntactic subclass the adverbial belonged to was a prime factor, and that it was necessary to examine the syntax of the adverbia sand thus also their semanticsin detail. Iln this first section we carry out this syntactic-semantic examination; in the second section we examine some aspects of the intonation of the adverbials in the light of our syntactic findings. By an ADVERBIAL we wish to denote any 'adjunct' or modifier uzd in a non-adjectival way. An adverbial may be a simple lexical item of the class ADVERB like perhaps or lzere; alternatively it may be of the structure ADJECTIVE (+-ly); or (PREPOSITION+) NOUN 1 We are indebted to D.A. Cruse for a number of valuable suggestions and comments. We are also grateful to our other department colleagues for their comments ai; willingness to act as informants. 2 D.J. AIlerton and A. Outtenden, English sentence a-'verbials PIIRASE; or PREPOSITION (+NOUN PHRASE) e.g. fast, Zoud(Zy), carefully; last night, (uuring) tnis qfternoon, in the evening, after (the meeting). We shall concentrate our attention on one word adverbs rather than adverbial phrases, i.e. on the first two types listed above. Our concern here is sentence adverbials, and wz must first isolate these as a class. Several tests have been proposed for a sentence adverbial. One is that sentence adverbials are adverbials formed from adjectives which can take an abstract subject nominal (Schreiber 1971) e.g., The idea was unforth late. This will obviously not cover adverbials which are not derived from adjectives (though a deep structure could of course be arrazged co that this were so in every case). Nor does it cover by arry means all classes of sentence adverb, e.g. the types exemplified by frankly, bri$!y, linguistically. More realistically, they may be defined according to criteria of transformation, co-occurrence, position and intonation (see A!!ertoni fort!!coming). It will prove most fruitful to take transformational potential as the most reliable guide both for identifying sentence as a class and for determining their subc!asses, and we develop this fully below. As regards co-occurrence, sentence adverbials are neutral, whereas manner and time adverbials for example have co-occurrence restrictions with the lexical verb and the auxiliary respectively. Four different positions within the sentence may be taken by most' sentence adverbs: initial; medial before the auxiliary; medial after the auxiliary but before the lexical verb; final position, e.g. Probably John was hurt. John probably was hu.rt. John was probably hurt. John was hurt, probably. The distinction between the two medial positions is of course neutralized if no auxiliary is present, e.g. John probably hurt himself. Many non-sentence adverbs, on the other hand, are restricted in their occurrence in these positions, e.g. degree adverbs like slightly may occur only before the lexical verb, or finally, cf.: * S!ightly John was hurt. * John slightly was hurt. John was slightly hurt. John was hurt slightly.
INTONATION (Cambridge textbook in linguistics)
INTONATION (Cambridge textbook in linguistics) , INTONATION (Cambridge textbook in linguistics) ,... more INTONATION (Cambridge textbook in linguistics) , INTONATION (Cambridge textbook in linguistics) , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Intonation and the Comma
Visible Language, 1991
Greek, Cyrillic and related alphabets
Writing Systems and Phonetics, 2021
Intonation / Alan Cruttenden
Cembridge University, 1986
More early writing and its decipherment
Writing Systems and Phonetics, 2021
A typology of writing systems
Writing Systems and Phonetics, 2021
Hebrew, Arabic and related alphabets
Writing Systems and Phonetics, 2021
The world’s earliest writing and its decipherment
Writing Systems and Phonetics
Technical terms and symbols
Writing Systems and Phonetics, 2021
The historical background
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Papers by Alan Cruttenden