Mechanization of work processes in agro-based industries through the employment of improved tools... more Mechanization of work processes in agro-based industries through the employment of improved tools and/or equipment powered by either fuel or diesel engines reduce tedium and drudgery on the workers as well as improve the overall productivity and production. However, it also leads to health threat to the workers through environmental noise pollution. This study assessed the occupational noise exposure of workers in three different palm oil mills. The noise level was measured using a noise metering device (model 1352) and noise descriptors (L10, L50, L90, Lav, LAeq, Tspl, DOSE (%) and TWA). The occupational health effects of noise exposure were deduced using a semi-structured questionnaire. The noise exposure was assessed during the palm nut digestion, and nut and pulp separation job operations as the noise emanates from the diesel powered engine, palm nut digester and nut and pulp separator. The average noise levels obtained from the palm oil mills during palm nut digestion, 99.36 (SD = 4.16) dBA and pulp separation, 98.18 (SD = 3.07) dBA, exceeded the recommended 85 dBA for an 8-hour exposure period permissible noise exposure limit standard by the NIOSH. The self-reported effect of the noise exposure level on the workers was interference with communication - 100%, tinnitus - 70%, ringing sensation - 76.75%, and noise stress - 73.30% of the workers. This research will inform the operators of the need for appropriate personal protective equipment usage and equip Government regulatory agencies to make appropriate regulations in order to protect oil mill workers.
Acoustical materials play several important roles in acoustic engineering, such as industrial noi... more Acoustical materials play several important roles in acoustic engineering, such as industrial noise control, room noise control, studio and automotive acoustics. This study presents research on the sound attenuation properties of recycled agro-waste composite materials. The raw materials used to prepare these composite panels are wastes generated from rice, sugar cane, groundnut, oil palm, and corn. Starch was the matrix material, thereby making the composite fully green. Five sound absorption composite panels were produced for the five categories of agro waste by compression molding method. The sound attenuation capacity of the produced composite panels relayed a quality sound absorption coefficient α ranging from 0.72-0.86. An increase in the thickness of the composite panels resulted in a lowering sound absorption coefficient, which indicates that thickness is an important factor in determining the sound attenuation capacity of agro-waste-based composites. The agro-waste material approach in sound control was effective, cost beneficial and offers an environmentally friendly solution to sound control.
Suitability determination of any product designed for specific types of consumers is possible thr... more Suitability determination of any product designed for specific types of consumers is possible through the effective use of anthropometric information. This study assessed anthropometric data utilization in footwear designs and patterns as an indicator of fitness and comfort in footwear production. The data collected for analysis were the length and the breadth dimensions of footwear design pattern from eighteen footwear cottage shops and the foot anthropometric parameter from a total of four hundred and thirty-three (433) (males (226) and females (207)) subjects. The instrumentation design for the data collection was a digital vernier caliper (model Mitutoyo 500-506-10). The analysis of the foot anthropometry dimension and the design footwear pattern data obtained showed a lack of bilateral symmetry for the male and female gender. The fitness and comfortable foot support function of the footwear analyzed using a paired samples t-test between the footwear design pattern dimensions, and the foot anthropometric parameters disclosed p > 0.05 in all cases-not significant. This study concluded that tailoring a product design to the users' population reduces the mismatch challenges, grants fitness, and comfort to the users.
Qualitative occupational training and assessment through acquaintance with the knowledge and insi... more Qualitative occupational training and assessment through acquaintance with the knowledge and insight for transference of concepts and procedure of the fundamental scientific and mathematical skills obtainable in engineering profession produces effective and efficient engineering graduates. Thus, it is a guarantee of effective technical manpower development for the sake of the nation. This is the conceptual basis for this study as it assesses the relevance of workplace and industrial work experience of engineering students to their professional skills training and competence development in engineering disciplines in Nigeria universities. The survey instrument designed for data collection from the participants in the study was an open and closed-ended format questionnaire. It comprises placement category, job experience category, relatedness of placement to the chosen career, relatedness of knowledge/skills in the deployed station in places of attachment and additional gained experience through hands-on incidents during industrial training period. The questionnaire was hand delivered to the participants. Data analysis has been carried out using SPSS version 16.0. Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient at 95% confidence intervals were computed to determine the extent of association between the relevance of the knowledge/skills obtained during students' industrial training and the establishments where they were employed for their SIWES to their course of study. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The findings has shown that there was positive correlation ('r' value of 0.375) between the experiences gained in the establishments where students were attached for their industrial training as well as the knowledge and skills acquired in the places of their industrial training. This implies that skills and competence development in engineering career fundamentally enhances students' training in engineering field through hands-on experience involved in industrial training.
Aksaray University Journal of Science and Engineering
This study investigated the physiological response functions of the masons during masonry work us... more This study investigated the physiological response functions of the masons during masonry work using three standard sizes of construction block weights at varying working heights. The assessment involved a repeated job handling design approach. The participants in this study were 12 masons who had at least one year of experience in working with sandcrete blocks and burnt bricks. Each participant constructed 20-block walls, 7 courses high using 9 inches and 6 inches sandcrete blocks and 20-block wall, 11 courses high using burnt bricks. The physiological response data measured were heart rate, body temperature and blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) at each wall height constructed. The ergonomic investigation principle of the work factors affecting masonry work was hinged on known physiological indices (oxygen consumption and energy expenditure rate) to evaluate the degree of the effects of the task on masons. The result obtained showed that the masons experienced different leve...
Standard effectual directive on tyre safety management operations on its own is nothing without a... more Standard effectual directive on tyre safety management operations on its own is nothing without appropriate compliance and application. Deliberate oversight and neglect of safety precautionary measures may result in an accident and eventually be classified as an unforeseen event. This study on safety knowledge and its implication for on-road vehicle tyre safety compliance was conducted among one hundred and thirteen private vehicle owners in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Data collection for this study was done using subjective and physical measurement procedures. The analysis of data obtained showed that sixty-eight participants (60.2%) of the participants had a fair knowledge of road vehicle tyre safety, followed by those that had good knowledge 39 (34.5%). No participant had poor or excellent knowledge. Overall operational tyre safety and compliance with the specifics for tyre standard condition showed that 1 (0.9%) of the assessed vehicles were of very high safe and appropriate compliance s...
Solid waste generation is inseparable from mankind, the unprecedented increase in global populati... more Solid waste generation is inseparable from mankind, the unprecedented increase in global population inevitably means an increase in waste generation. This study designed household surveys, to assess current waste management practices in Biu. Biu town becomes important particularly due to the establishment of tertiary institutions which recently increased the population of households. Waste disposal approaches indicated that the majority (76%) engaged in unsustainable disposal measures. These measures include burning, disposing of waste along water drains, disposal along the roadside, and burying waste. Although the study results indicate that majority (89.4%) of the respondents were aware of the implications of these approaches, only a few practice reuse of waste (8.6%), recycling (10.4%), and waste segregation (22%). The drawbacks of achieving effective waste disposal and management system within the study area were the inability of the local authority to provide a waste collection and disposal system (83.3%), the lack of a well-designated waste disposal site (98%), and the high cost of waste handling charges by unregistered and unmonitored waste collectors within the municipality (57.6%). Findings of this study show that in Biu LGA, lapses in waste management by the local authorities are responsible for most of the waste management problems encountered and, at the same time, there are areas of opportunity to improve the efficiency of management particularly in the physical aspects, such as collection, treatment, and safe disposal systems and services.
Introduction: Toxic gases emitted from electricity generating plants used for energy production p... more Introduction: Toxic gases emitted from electricity generating plants used for energy production process diffuse in the environment thereby causing environmental air pollution. The effect of the installation and usage of portable gasoline electricity generating plants at the balcony of different households on the indoor air quality was assessed in this study. Materials and methods: The data collected were the air quality chemical composition variables which include carbon-dioxide, formaldehyde, total volatile organic compounds, coarse (PM10), and fine (PM2.5) particulate matters at the indoor of the households in Abeokuta metropolis, Ogun state, Nigeria. Physical measurement techniques used for the data collection was through the instrumentation design of two air quality testers, models WP6910 and ZN-202S. The indoor air quality assessment followed the generator nighttime usage routine between the hours of 6:30 – 10:00 pm at a measurement height of 1.3 m and the center in the living ...
Tranquility is one of the healthy environment factors on the residential areas which elevate the ... more Tranquility is one of the healthy environment factors on the residential areas which elevate the standard of living of the people and their psychological well-being. On the contrary, when there is a high level of noise intrusion at home, it might deprive one of these benefits. This study measured the industrial noise intrusion level in the residential area with respect to distance. A total of 40 residences, with 8 each around 5 food and drug processing factory sites in three local government areas (Idemili North, Onitsha North, and South) of Anambra state, Nigeria were selected as study site locations. Benetech Model GM 1352 digital sound level meter was used for the measurement of environmental outdoor noise levels at a height of 1.5 m and 3 m from any reflecting surfaces. The distance between the factory sites and the residences assessed was calculated using the coordinates of the study site points obtained with A Garmin GPS 72H on the CDXzipdistance2WP function on Microsoft Offic...
Occupational training is a crucial feature in enhancing workforce efficiency and the expertise in... more Occupational training is a crucial feature in enhancing workforce efficiency and the expertise involved in any profession. This is carried out through a variety of ways such as institutional training, basic instructions, excursions, industrial training, laboratory lessons, workshop operations, field studies, intensive problem-solving based seminars, personal contacts with experts and various "extempore modus operandi" in one's chosen profession, and extracurricular activities. This study analyses the associated occupational exposure incidents of Nigerian engineering students during their 6-month industrial work experience. Data were collected using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire having 5-point Likert scale and closed format. The defined conceptual basis and aim of the study guided the questionnaire development. These include employer imposed factors, job/work factors, and trainee (student) factors. The analyzed data showed that the level of occupational exposure incidents observed among Nigerian engineering students in their places of attachment was minimal. However, the observed levels of occupational exposure in this study were a result of uncontrolled hazards which cause occupational diseases among industrial trainees (students). This goes to state that appropriate basic safety practice which is one of the major work ethics in engineering profession should be given utmost consideration by all concerned parties to ensure reduction of hazards in work environment to its barest minimum.
This study investigated the intrusion level of industrial noise from five factories in 40 surroun... more This study investigated the intrusion level of industrial noise from five factories in 40 surrounding residences in Anambra state, Nigeria as an effect of settlement pattern and land use planning. Three categories of measurements were considered: engagement of electric power generators, job operation dependency on the national on-grid connection – Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), and off-work hours. All measurements were conducted in compliance with the Nigerian Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency using a digital sound level meter. A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level (LAeq) for the measured noise levels at each assessed residence was evaluated. The result showed the following LAeq value ranges: 63.2 - 78.7 dBA for factory operations during generator use; 44.5 - 62.9 dBA for PHCN use; and 41.1 - 59.7 dBA for off-work hours. Based on the recommendations from the World Health Organization and the US Department of Housing and Urban Development for ac...
Sustainability, efficiency and productivity of the operational working system of any nation’s ind... more Sustainability, efficiency and productivity of the operational working system of any nation’s industri al sector are crucial benefits ergonomics offer in all work setti ngs through enhancing safe work environment and min imizing human errors. Knowledge, awareness and understandin g of worker’s interaction with the system of one’s working environment as it applies to the person’s professio n and work processes for the general safety, effici ncy and wellbeing, constitute the first step to reduction of wo rk-related injuries. Knowledge and awareness of of the role of ergonomics in engineering real-world of work enviro nment for productivity, accident reduction and pers onnel’s work life preservation was assessed among engineeri ng students undergoing occupational training in a N igeria based Polytechnic (Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos). The research tool used for data collection was a self-developed questionnaire adopted after being su bjected to reliability test and validatio...
Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, 2017
Natural light as source of illumination in different environmental settings has the highest degre... more Natural light as source of illumination in different environmental settings has the highest degree of acceptability as it offers many qualitative strengths and quantitative advantages. The visual functions effects of light are expected since the illumination from a particular light conforms to relevant standard for glare-free and visual conveniences. The present research work measured classroom environment illuminance and light distributions in a one-side-window oriented classroom building for visual comfort and glare. The quantitative measurement of illumination of the inside and outside of the classrooms was done using lux digital meter of high precision wide measurement range of 1 - 1200,000 lux with an accuracy of ±4% ±10 digits ( 10000 lux). The resolution was set to 1 lux and measuring ranges of 2000/20000/200000 Lux. The measurement was taken according to the school timetable, three times each day at six different points; five points in the classroom (at the front right (FR),...
The use and reuse function of chalkboard produces chalk dust particles in the classroom entering ... more The use and reuse function of chalkboard produces chalk dust particles in the classroom entering into the classroom occupants’ respiratory system through their mouths and nasopharyngeal regions while talking or breathing. The potential impact of dust particles of the respiratory system includes airflow resistance, lung volumes impairment and lung damage. This study measured the expired volume of air from the lungs during a guided maximal expiration to determine the effect of chalk dust particles on the ultimate lung function in the classroom. The sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were assessed using oral interview while the assessment of the anthropometric data and the participants’ lung function indices was done through the use of a stadiometer and digital spirometer, respectively. This study employed a quasiexperimental research design. It involved the exposed (n = 120) and control (n = 120) groups selected from classrooms where chalkboards and marker boards wer...
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES, Dec 30, 2014
Ceramic membranes are especially suitable for processes with high temperatures and harsh chemical... more Ceramic membranes are especially suitable for processes with high temperatures and harsh chemical environments or for processes where sterilizability of the membrane is important. The main objective of this work is to determine the evaluation of four different ceramic membranes with different material compositions. Ceramic disc type microfiltration membranes were fabricated by the mould and press method from different percentage compositions of clay, kaolin, sawdust and wood charcoal. The fabricated membranes were sintered at a temperature of 1100°C and characterized by an X-ray diffractometer and optical scanner. Compressibility tests and physical properties of the membranes were also examined. It was observed that, as the percentage composition of kaolin increased from 0 to 80% and the percentage composition of clay decreased from 80 to 0% respectively, the compressive stress of all the sample membranes increased, with an increase in compressive strain from 1.8 to 2.4. Sample A had the highest value of compressive stress from 1.8 to 2.2 compressive strain, but sample B had the highest value of compressive stress of 150MPa at a compressive strain of 2.4. Optical micrographs of all membranes showed the presence of uniformly distributed pores and no cracks were seen around them. It was concluded that, with increasing percentage of kaolin and decreasing percentage of clay, there was a decrease in porosity and water absorption, as well as a decrease in the mechanical properties of the fabricated membranes.
The consequences of corrosion are many and varied, and their effects of these on the safe, reliab... more The consequences of corrosion are many and varied, and their effects of these on the safe, reliable and efficient operation of equipment or structures are often more serious than a simple loss of metal mass. This research investigates the corrosion performance of two nonferrous metals in three acidic media, namely sulfuric acid (98% volume of H 2 SO 4), hydrochloric acid (75% volume of HCl), and trioxonitrate (V) acid (75% volume of HNO 3). The corrosion rate is determined by the weight loss method, and the characterization of metallic samples is obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM shows the cracking pattern of grains indicating surface erosion due to the corrosion effects which are more depicted on the zinc than aluminum samples. It is shown that the solution of H 2 SO 4 has the highest impact on the corrosion rates of metallic samples, whereas the least effect is observed on the solution of HNO 3. It is observed that Zn alloy sample in 3 M H 2 SO 4 records the highest corrosion rate of 138.64 mm/year, while the aluminum alloy sample has the lowest rate of 24.661 mm/year after 72 hours of exposures in the acid. The corrosion rates of the samples decrease as the exposure time increases. The weight loss intensity increases with exposure time for Al samples and varies for Zn sample in acidic media. In conclusion, the higher the acid molarity, the shorter the exposure time and the higher the corrosion rates for both zinc and aluminum alloy samples.
Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017
Motor vehicle end-users approaches to tyre safety issues in automobiles translate to a number of ... more Motor vehicle end-users approaches to tyre safety issues in automobiles translate to a number of tyre failure risk factors. This study basically assessed tread wear pattern of tyres in passenger cars used on Nigeria roads. The result obtained showed that 75.4% of the assessed tyres showed uneven wear pattern resulting from incorrect tyre-road contact effects. This observed high proportion of uneven tyre tread wear pattern implies high rate of inconsequential regard for tyre safety.
This paper assessed the hourly daylighting illuminance and light distribution of three categories... more This paper assessed the hourly daylighting illuminance and light distribution of three categories of the classroom window design in four classroomspaces in Federal University Wukari, Taraba State on illuminance-based metrics under clear sky conditions forvisual safety support of the space design. The categories of the classroom window designs were one-sided (West) window, two-sidedadjacent (South and West) windows and two-sided (North and South) opposite windows. Instrumentation design for data collectionwere A Garmin GPS 72H, Sunche model HS1010 digital luxmeter, a digital professional handheld LCD stopwatch, delectable marker pen,and generic 5m retractable measuring tape rule. The data was collected on a time-sequence basis at an hour interval from 8:00am -5:00 pm on the students' work planes. The visual performances and safety of the time-varying illuminance data obtained and analyzed on the standard metric binsand a two-tailed weighting factor variablecriterion within the ra...
Mechanization of work processes in agro-based industries through the employment of improved tools... more Mechanization of work processes in agro-based industries through the employment of improved tools and/or equipment powered by either fuel or diesel engines reduce tedium and drudgery on the workers as well as improve the overall productivity and production. However, it also leads to health threat to the workers through environmental noise pollution. This study assessed the occupational noise exposure of workers in three different palm oil mills. The noise level was measured using a noise metering device (model 1352) and noise descriptors (L10, L50, L90, Lav, LAeq, Tspl, DOSE (%) and TWA). The occupational health effects of noise exposure were deduced using a semi-structured questionnaire. The noise exposure was assessed during the palm nut digestion, and nut and pulp separation job operations as the noise emanates from the diesel powered engine, palm nut digester and nut and pulp separator. The average noise levels obtained from the palm oil mills during palm nut digestion, 99.36 (SD = 4.16) dBA and pulp separation, 98.18 (SD = 3.07) dBA, exceeded the recommended 85 dBA for an 8-hour exposure period permissible noise exposure limit standard by the NIOSH. The self-reported effect of the noise exposure level on the workers was interference with communication - 100%, tinnitus - 70%, ringing sensation - 76.75%, and noise stress - 73.30% of the workers. This research will inform the operators of the need for appropriate personal protective equipment usage and equip Government regulatory agencies to make appropriate regulations in order to protect oil mill workers.
Acoustical materials play several important roles in acoustic engineering, such as industrial noi... more Acoustical materials play several important roles in acoustic engineering, such as industrial noise control, room noise control, studio and automotive acoustics. This study presents research on the sound attenuation properties of recycled agro-waste composite materials. The raw materials used to prepare these composite panels are wastes generated from rice, sugar cane, groundnut, oil palm, and corn. Starch was the matrix material, thereby making the composite fully green. Five sound absorption composite panels were produced for the five categories of agro waste by compression molding method. The sound attenuation capacity of the produced composite panels relayed a quality sound absorption coefficient α ranging from 0.72-0.86. An increase in the thickness of the composite panels resulted in a lowering sound absorption coefficient, which indicates that thickness is an important factor in determining the sound attenuation capacity of agro-waste-based composites. The agro-waste material approach in sound control was effective, cost beneficial and offers an environmentally friendly solution to sound control.
Suitability determination of any product designed for specific types of consumers is possible thr... more Suitability determination of any product designed for specific types of consumers is possible through the effective use of anthropometric information. This study assessed anthropometric data utilization in footwear designs and patterns as an indicator of fitness and comfort in footwear production. The data collected for analysis were the length and the breadth dimensions of footwear design pattern from eighteen footwear cottage shops and the foot anthropometric parameter from a total of four hundred and thirty-three (433) (males (226) and females (207)) subjects. The instrumentation design for the data collection was a digital vernier caliper (model Mitutoyo 500-506-10). The analysis of the foot anthropometry dimension and the design footwear pattern data obtained showed a lack of bilateral symmetry for the male and female gender. The fitness and comfortable foot support function of the footwear analyzed using a paired samples t-test between the footwear design pattern dimensions, and the foot anthropometric parameters disclosed p > 0.05 in all cases-not significant. This study concluded that tailoring a product design to the users' population reduces the mismatch challenges, grants fitness, and comfort to the users.
Qualitative occupational training and assessment through acquaintance with the knowledge and insi... more Qualitative occupational training and assessment through acquaintance with the knowledge and insight for transference of concepts and procedure of the fundamental scientific and mathematical skills obtainable in engineering profession produces effective and efficient engineering graduates. Thus, it is a guarantee of effective technical manpower development for the sake of the nation. This is the conceptual basis for this study as it assesses the relevance of workplace and industrial work experience of engineering students to their professional skills training and competence development in engineering disciplines in Nigeria universities. The survey instrument designed for data collection from the participants in the study was an open and closed-ended format questionnaire. It comprises placement category, job experience category, relatedness of placement to the chosen career, relatedness of knowledge/skills in the deployed station in places of attachment and additional gained experience through hands-on incidents during industrial training period. The questionnaire was hand delivered to the participants. Data analysis has been carried out using SPSS version 16.0. Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient at 95% confidence intervals were computed to determine the extent of association between the relevance of the knowledge/skills obtained during students' industrial training and the establishments where they were employed for their SIWES to their course of study. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The findings has shown that there was positive correlation ('r' value of 0.375) between the experiences gained in the establishments where students were attached for their industrial training as well as the knowledge and skills acquired in the places of their industrial training. This implies that skills and competence development in engineering career fundamentally enhances students' training in engineering field through hands-on experience involved in industrial training.
Aksaray University Journal of Science and Engineering
This study investigated the physiological response functions of the masons during masonry work us... more This study investigated the physiological response functions of the masons during masonry work using three standard sizes of construction block weights at varying working heights. The assessment involved a repeated job handling design approach. The participants in this study were 12 masons who had at least one year of experience in working with sandcrete blocks and burnt bricks. Each participant constructed 20-block walls, 7 courses high using 9 inches and 6 inches sandcrete blocks and 20-block wall, 11 courses high using burnt bricks. The physiological response data measured were heart rate, body temperature and blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) at each wall height constructed. The ergonomic investigation principle of the work factors affecting masonry work was hinged on known physiological indices (oxygen consumption and energy expenditure rate) to evaluate the degree of the effects of the task on masons. The result obtained showed that the masons experienced different leve...
Standard effectual directive on tyre safety management operations on its own is nothing without a... more Standard effectual directive on tyre safety management operations on its own is nothing without appropriate compliance and application. Deliberate oversight and neglect of safety precautionary measures may result in an accident and eventually be classified as an unforeseen event. This study on safety knowledge and its implication for on-road vehicle tyre safety compliance was conducted among one hundred and thirteen private vehicle owners in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Data collection for this study was done using subjective and physical measurement procedures. The analysis of data obtained showed that sixty-eight participants (60.2%) of the participants had a fair knowledge of road vehicle tyre safety, followed by those that had good knowledge 39 (34.5%). No participant had poor or excellent knowledge. Overall operational tyre safety and compliance with the specifics for tyre standard condition showed that 1 (0.9%) of the assessed vehicles were of very high safe and appropriate compliance s...
Solid waste generation is inseparable from mankind, the unprecedented increase in global populati... more Solid waste generation is inseparable from mankind, the unprecedented increase in global population inevitably means an increase in waste generation. This study designed household surveys, to assess current waste management practices in Biu. Biu town becomes important particularly due to the establishment of tertiary institutions which recently increased the population of households. Waste disposal approaches indicated that the majority (76%) engaged in unsustainable disposal measures. These measures include burning, disposing of waste along water drains, disposal along the roadside, and burying waste. Although the study results indicate that majority (89.4%) of the respondents were aware of the implications of these approaches, only a few practice reuse of waste (8.6%), recycling (10.4%), and waste segregation (22%). The drawbacks of achieving effective waste disposal and management system within the study area were the inability of the local authority to provide a waste collection and disposal system (83.3%), the lack of a well-designated waste disposal site (98%), and the high cost of waste handling charges by unregistered and unmonitored waste collectors within the municipality (57.6%). Findings of this study show that in Biu LGA, lapses in waste management by the local authorities are responsible for most of the waste management problems encountered and, at the same time, there are areas of opportunity to improve the efficiency of management particularly in the physical aspects, such as collection, treatment, and safe disposal systems and services.
Introduction: Toxic gases emitted from electricity generating plants used for energy production p... more Introduction: Toxic gases emitted from electricity generating plants used for energy production process diffuse in the environment thereby causing environmental air pollution. The effect of the installation and usage of portable gasoline electricity generating plants at the balcony of different households on the indoor air quality was assessed in this study. Materials and methods: The data collected were the air quality chemical composition variables which include carbon-dioxide, formaldehyde, total volatile organic compounds, coarse (PM10), and fine (PM2.5) particulate matters at the indoor of the households in Abeokuta metropolis, Ogun state, Nigeria. Physical measurement techniques used for the data collection was through the instrumentation design of two air quality testers, models WP6910 and ZN-202S. The indoor air quality assessment followed the generator nighttime usage routine between the hours of 6:30 – 10:00 pm at a measurement height of 1.3 m and the center in the living ...
Tranquility is one of the healthy environment factors on the residential areas which elevate the ... more Tranquility is one of the healthy environment factors on the residential areas which elevate the standard of living of the people and their psychological well-being. On the contrary, when there is a high level of noise intrusion at home, it might deprive one of these benefits. This study measured the industrial noise intrusion level in the residential area with respect to distance. A total of 40 residences, with 8 each around 5 food and drug processing factory sites in three local government areas (Idemili North, Onitsha North, and South) of Anambra state, Nigeria were selected as study site locations. Benetech Model GM 1352 digital sound level meter was used for the measurement of environmental outdoor noise levels at a height of 1.5 m and 3 m from any reflecting surfaces. The distance between the factory sites and the residences assessed was calculated using the coordinates of the study site points obtained with A Garmin GPS 72H on the CDXzipdistance2WP function on Microsoft Offic...
Occupational training is a crucial feature in enhancing workforce efficiency and the expertise in... more Occupational training is a crucial feature in enhancing workforce efficiency and the expertise involved in any profession. This is carried out through a variety of ways such as institutional training, basic instructions, excursions, industrial training, laboratory lessons, workshop operations, field studies, intensive problem-solving based seminars, personal contacts with experts and various "extempore modus operandi" in one's chosen profession, and extracurricular activities. This study analyses the associated occupational exposure incidents of Nigerian engineering students during their 6-month industrial work experience. Data were collected using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire having 5-point Likert scale and closed format. The defined conceptual basis and aim of the study guided the questionnaire development. These include employer imposed factors, job/work factors, and trainee (student) factors. The analyzed data showed that the level of occupational exposure incidents observed among Nigerian engineering students in their places of attachment was minimal. However, the observed levels of occupational exposure in this study were a result of uncontrolled hazards which cause occupational diseases among industrial trainees (students). This goes to state that appropriate basic safety practice which is one of the major work ethics in engineering profession should be given utmost consideration by all concerned parties to ensure reduction of hazards in work environment to its barest minimum.
This study investigated the intrusion level of industrial noise from five factories in 40 surroun... more This study investigated the intrusion level of industrial noise from five factories in 40 surrounding residences in Anambra state, Nigeria as an effect of settlement pattern and land use planning. Three categories of measurements were considered: engagement of electric power generators, job operation dependency on the national on-grid connection – Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), and off-work hours. All measurements were conducted in compliance with the Nigerian Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency using a digital sound level meter. A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level (LAeq) for the measured noise levels at each assessed residence was evaluated. The result showed the following LAeq value ranges: 63.2 - 78.7 dBA for factory operations during generator use; 44.5 - 62.9 dBA for PHCN use; and 41.1 - 59.7 dBA for off-work hours. Based on the recommendations from the World Health Organization and the US Department of Housing and Urban Development for ac...
Sustainability, efficiency and productivity of the operational working system of any nation’s ind... more Sustainability, efficiency and productivity of the operational working system of any nation’s industri al sector are crucial benefits ergonomics offer in all work setti ngs through enhancing safe work environment and min imizing human errors. Knowledge, awareness and understandin g of worker’s interaction with the system of one’s working environment as it applies to the person’s professio n and work processes for the general safety, effici ncy and wellbeing, constitute the first step to reduction of wo rk-related injuries. Knowledge and awareness of of the role of ergonomics in engineering real-world of work enviro nment for productivity, accident reduction and pers onnel’s work life preservation was assessed among engineeri ng students undergoing occupational training in a N igeria based Polytechnic (Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos). The research tool used for data collection was a self-developed questionnaire adopted after being su bjected to reliability test and validatio...
Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, 2017
Natural light as source of illumination in different environmental settings has the highest degre... more Natural light as source of illumination in different environmental settings has the highest degree of acceptability as it offers many qualitative strengths and quantitative advantages. The visual functions effects of light are expected since the illumination from a particular light conforms to relevant standard for glare-free and visual conveniences. The present research work measured classroom environment illuminance and light distributions in a one-side-window oriented classroom building for visual comfort and glare. The quantitative measurement of illumination of the inside and outside of the classrooms was done using lux digital meter of high precision wide measurement range of 1 - 1200,000 lux with an accuracy of ±4% ±10 digits ( 10000 lux). The resolution was set to 1 lux and measuring ranges of 2000/20000/200000 Lux. The measurement was taken according to the school timetable, three times each day at six different points; five points in the classroom (at the front right (FR),...
The use and reuse function of chalkboard produces chalk dust particles in the classroom entering ... more The use and reuse function of chalkboard produces chalk dust particles in the classroom entering into the classroom occupants’ respiratory system through their mouths and nasopharyngeal regions while talking or breathing. The potential impact of dust particles of the respiratory system includes airflow resistance, lung volumes impairment and lung damage. This study measured the expired volume of air from the lungs during a guided maximal expiration to determine the effect of chalk dust particles on the ultimate lung function in the classroom. The sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were assessed using oral interview while the assessment of the anthropometric data and the participants’ lung function indices was done through the use of a stadiometer and digital spirometer, respectively. This study employed a quasiexperimental research design. It involved the exposed (n = 120) and control (n = 120) groups selected from classrooms where chalkboards and marker boards wer...
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES, Dec 30, 2014
Ceramic membranes are especially suitable for processes with high temperatures and harsh chemical... more Ceramic membranes are especially suitable for processes with high temperatures and harsh chemical environments or for processes where sterilizability of the membrane is important. The main objective of this work is to determine the evaluation of four different ceramic membranes with different material compositions. Ceramic disc type microfiltration membranes were fabricated by the mould and press method from different percentage compositions of clay, kaolin, sawdust and wood charcoal. The fabricated membranes were sintered at a temperature of 1100°C and characterized by an X-ray diffractometer and optical scanner. Compressibility tests and physical properties of the membranes were also examined. It was observed that, as the percentage composition of kaolin increased from 0 to 80% and the percentage composition of clay decreased from 80 to 0% respectively, the compressive stress of all the sample membranes increased, with an increase in compressive strain from 1.8 to 2.4. Sample A had the highest value of compressive stress from 1.8 to 2.2 compressive strain, but sample B had the highest value of compressive stress of 150MPa at a compressive strain of 2.4. Optical micrographs of all membranes showed the presence of uniformly distributed pores and no cracks were seen around them. It was concluded that, with increasing percentage of kaolin and decreasing percentage of clay, there was a decrease in porosity and water absorption, as well as a decrease in the mechanical properties of the fabricated membranes.
The consequences of corrosion are many and varied, and their effects of these on the safe, reliab... more The consequences of corrosion are many and varied, and their effects of these on the safe, reliable and efficient operation of equipment or structures are often more serious than a simple loss of metal mass. This research investigates the corrosion performance of two nonferrous metals in three acidic media, namely sulfuric acid (98% volume of H 2 SO 4), hydrochloric acid (75% volume of HCl), and trioxonitrate (V) acid (75% volume of HNO 3). The corrosion rate is determined by the weight loss method, and the characterization of metallic samples is obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM shows the cracking pattern of grains indicating surface erosion due to the corrosion effects which are more depicted on the zinc than aluminum samples. It is shown that the solution of H 2 SO 4 has the highest impact on the corrosion rates of metallic samples, whereas the least effect is observed on the solution of HNO 3. It is observed that Zn alloy sample in 3 M H 2 SO 4 records the highest corrosion rate of 138.64 mm/year, while the aluminum alloy sample has the lowest rate of 24.661 mm/year after 72 hours of exposures in the acid. The corrosion rates of the samples decrease as the exposure time increases. The weight loss intensity increases with exposure time for Al samples and varies for Zn sample in acidic media. In conclusion, the higher the acid molarity, the shorter the exposure time and the higher the corrosion rates for both zinc and aluminum alloy samples.
Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017
Motor vehicle end-users approaches to tyre safety issues in automobiles translate to a number of ... more Motor vehicle end-users approaches to tyre safety issues in automobiles translate to a number of tyre failure risk factors. This study basically assessed tread wear pattern of tyres in passenger cars used on Nigeria roads. The result obtained showed that 75.4% of the assessed tyres showed uneven wear pattern resulting from incorrect tyre-road contact effects. This observed high proportion of uneven tyre tread wear pattern implies high rate of inconsequential regard for tyre safety.
This paper assessed the hourly daylighting illuminance and light distribution of three categories... more This paper assessed the hourly daylighting illuminance and light distribution of three categories of the classroom window design in four classroomspaces in Federal University Wukari, Taraba State on illuminance-based metrics under clear sky conditions forvisual safety support of the space design. The categories of the classroom window designs were one-sided (West) window, two-sidedadjacent (South and West) windows and two-sided (North and South) opposite windows. Instrumentation design for data collectionwere A Garmin GPS 72H, Sunche model HS1010 digital luxmeter, a digital professional handheld LCD stopwatch, delectable marker pen,and generic 5m retractable measuring tape rule. The data was collected on a time-sequence basis at an hour interval from 8:00am -5:00 pm on the students' work planes. The visual performances and safety of the time-varying illuminance data obtained and analyzed on the standard metric binsand a two-tailed weighting factor variablecriterion within the ra...
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