Papers by Альбина Жанбосинова
The article deals with the history of socio-economic modernization of Kazakhstan in the 1920s-193... more The article deals with the history of socio-economic modernization of Kazakhstan in the 1920s-1930s. Based on the methodology of interdisciplinary approach the author has revealed the micro-sketches of the process of forced collectivization and its consequences. The relevance of the proposed study is the need to develop, a platform generally accepted historical concept of the Sovietization of the Kazakh aul, the definition of its regional specificity to understand the causes of such disastrous consequences. The spearhead of the permanent violence in the Kazakh steppe was directed to the eradication of the kin networks of the Kazakh aul and the formation of the Soviet identity of the Kazakh aul. The path to socialism destroyed the structural elements of the social life and traditional culture of the Kazakhs. Adaptation processes of Kazakh people conditioned new rules of Soviet social life, combined with applied survival strategies and practices of conformist behaviour. The content of...
«Массовые» операции НКВД 1937–1938 гг. в отношении уголовных и «деклассированных элементов», 2024
Аблажей Наталья Николаевна д-р ист. наук, Новосибирский государственный университет (Новосибирск,... more Аблажей Наталья Николаевна д-р ист. наук, Новосибирский государственный университет (Новосибирск, Россия); Евразийский Национальный университет им. Л. Н. Гумилева (Астана, Казахстан) Жанбосинова Альбина Советовна д-р ист. наук, проф., Евразийский Национальный университет им. Л. Н. Гумилева (Астана, Казахстан) Финансирование Статья подготовлена в рамках реализации научного проекта AP14869089 по гранту Комитета науки Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан на тему: «Вертикаль и горизонталь Большого террора: политические репрессии в Казахстане в 1937-1938 гг.»
The article deals with the history of socioeconomic modernization of Kazakhstan in the 1920s-1930... more The article deals with the history of socioeconomic modernization of Kazakhstan in the 1920s-1930s. Based on the methodology of interdisciplinary approach the author has revealed the micro-sketches of the process of forced collectivization and its consequences. The relevance of the proposed study is the need to develop, a platform generally accepted historical concept of the Sovietization of the Kazakh aul, the definition of its regional specificity to understand the causes of such disastrous consequences. The spearhead of the permanent violence in the Kazakh steppe was directed to the eradication of the kin networks of the Kazakh aul and the formation of the Soviet identity of the Kazakh aul. The path to socialism destroyed the structural elements of the social life and traditional culture of the Kazakhs. Adaptation processes of Kazakh people conditioned new rules of Soviet social life, combined with applied survival strategies and practices of conformist behaviour. The content of the article is based on the analysis of adaptation practices of Kazakh nomads on documents and materials from archival fonds. The author shows daily, individual strategies of adaptation and survival of the population, in conditions of implementation of the program of social and economic modernization of the Kazakh aul. The result of author's research is the analysis of two behavioural levels: fleeing-migrating and adaptation, that became a consequence of economic coercion and destruction of the social layer of «the former». Kazakh auls transferred the network of tribal communications and the system of traditional values to the collective farm, forming unique «Kazakh-style collective farms». Election campaigns to the grassroots apparatus of the Soviet power became the place of clan battles. The power actively used intra-and inter-clan conflicts for realization of strategic tasks of socialist construction. However, the status ranking of clan structures provoked unethical forms of behaviour such as denunciation, incitement, and the use of compromising materials. The documents have preserved many micro-histories which focus on the fates of individuals and the tragedy of family breakdown because of confiscation, eviction, and divorce. These fragments of oral history reveal the reasons behind the Kazakh aul's nomadic move. To summarize, the author noted that on the one hand clan traditionality was trying to solidify itself under Sovietism, while on the other hand it was trying to escape from direct conflict by fleeing. However, all the adaptive behavioural levels taken together could not save the nomads from starvation. The «imagined community» of the Kazakhs was destroyed not so much by generic contradictions as by the political will of the Soviet state, for the sake of forming a new Soviet identity, a new Soviet society. On the way to socialism the historical memory was transformed, and the ancestral memory of the Kazakh people was destroyed.
Междисциплинарные подходы расширили исследовательское пространство истории политических репрессий... more Междисциплинарные подходы расширили исследовательское пространство истории политических репрессий 1920-1950-х гг. Всплеск интереса к документам личного происхождения в историографии постсоветского пространства обусловил обращение к эго-документам-личным письмам жертв политических репрессий. Исследование основано на архивно-следственных материалах Специального государственного архива Министерства внутренних дел Республики Казахстан. Введение в научный оборот нарративных источников позволяет услышать историю политических репрессий изнутри, снизу, прочувствовать психологию террора. Письма представителям власти затрагивали комплекс проблем, связанных с нарушением социалистической законности на местах, особенно это касалось периода политических репрессий. Основной посыл писем, направленных первым руководителям советского государства,-чудовищность обвинения статьи 58-й УК РСФСР, нелепая ошибка, совершенная советским правосудием. Политическая 58-я статья УК РСФСР уравняла мужчин и женщин в определении вины и наказания. Срок наказания и «высшая мера социальной защиты» не делили «врагов народа» по половому признаку, вместе с тем статус репрессированного обусловил вариативность поведения мужчин и женщин, что получило отражение в письмах. Эго-документы-это микроистория «Большой эпохи» в восприятии «маленького человека», в фокусе личного пространства неизвестных историй людей, оказавшихся в мясорубке политического террора. Воссоздавая контекст репрессий, документы демонстрируют реакцию человека на обвинительный приговор, на применяемое к нему насилие. Цель статьи-раскрыть когнитивный потенциал эго-документов в трансляции истории политических репрессий. На основе теоретических концептов
The article deals with the history of socio-economic modernization of Kazakhstan in the 1920s-193... more The article deals with the history of socio-economic modernization of Kazakhstan in the 1920s-1930s. Based on the methodology of interdisciplinary approach the author has revealed the micro-sketches of the process of forced collectivization and its consequences. The relevance of the proposed study is the need to develop, a platform generally accepted historical concept of the Sovietization of the Kazakh aul, the definition of its regional specificity to understand the causes of such disastrous consequences. The spearhead of the permanent violence in the Kazakh steppe was directed to the eradication of the kin networks of the Kazakh aul and the formation of the Soviet identity of the Kazakh aul. The path to socialism destroyed the structural elements of the social life and traditional culture of the Kazakhs. Adaptation processes of Kazakh people conditioned new rules of Soviet social life, combined with applied survival strategies and practices of conformist behaviour. The content of the article is based on the analysis of adaptation practices of Kazakh nomads on documents and materials from archival fonds. The author shows daily, individual strategies of adaptation and survival of the population, in conditions of implementation of the program of social and economic modernization of the Kazakh aul. The result of author's research is the analysis of two behavioural levels: fleeing -migrating and adaptation, that became a consequence of economic coercion and destruction of the social layer of «the former». Kazakh auls transferred the network of tribal communications and the system of traditional values to the collective farm, forming unique «Kazakh-style collective farms». Election campaigns to the grass-roots apparatus of the Soviet power became the place of clan battles. The power actively used intra-and inter-clan conflicts for realization of strategic tasks of socialist construction. However, the status ranking of clan structures provoked unethical forms of behaviour such as denunciation, incitement, and the use of compromising materials. The documents have preserved many micro-histories which focus on the fates of individuals and the tragedy of family breakdown because of confiscation, eviction, and divorce. These fragments of oral history reveal the reasons behind the Kazakh aul's nomadic move. To summarize, the author noted that on the one hand clan traditionality was trying to solidify itself under Sovietism, while on the other hand it was trying to escape from direct conflict by fleeing. However, all the adaptive behavioural levels taken together could not save the nomads from starvation. The «imagined community» of the Kazakhs was destroyed not so much by generic contradictions as by the political will of the Soviet state, for the sake of forming a new Soviet identity, a new Soviet society. On the way to socialism the historical memory was transformed, and the ancestral memory of the Kazakh people was destroyed.
Bylye Gody, Mar 8, 2020
The article is devoted to the development of Islam in Kazakhstan in the Russian Empire. The autho... more The article is devoted to the development of Islam in Kazakhstan in the Russian Empire. The authors, relying on a wide range of archival materials and publications of modern times demonstrated the evolution of Muslim views of the Kazakh population from its complete rejection to the struggle for their rights in freedom of conscience and religion. Tatar, Bukhara, Tashkent Ministers of religious cult played an important role in the spread of Islam in Kazakhstan. Among the issues covered in the article, special attention was paid to the analysis of the content of the Imperial policy towards the Kazakh population, namely Russification and Christianization, in the prohibition and closure of spiritual and educational institutions, in preventing the construction of architectural religious buildings. The government of the Russian Empire regulated the activities of Muslim clergy, as well as controlled the pilgrimage of Muslims. Such strict state control eventually led to the emergence of protest moods and the opposite transformation of the religious Outlook of the Kazakhs, who converted to Islam largely as a result of administrative islamization.
Izvestiya of Altai State University, Nov 21, 2019
Система государственного налогообложения... *Работа выполнена за счет средств РНФ (проект № 19-18... more Система государственного налогообложения... *Работа выполнена за счет средств РНФ (проект № 19-18-00180). ББК 63.3(5Каз) УДК 94(574/575) Система государственного налогообложения... городского недвижимого имущества в центральноазиатских окраинах Российской империи (конец XIX-начало ХХ в.) *
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Papers by Альбина Жанбосинова