Mental fatigue (MF) arises during prolonged demanding cognitive activity and results in acute fee... more Mental fatigue (MF) arises during prolonged demanding cognitive activity and results in acute feelings of tiredness and a decreased physical and/or cognitive performance capacity. An often-overlooked population that is significantly at risk for the development of MF are university students. The current study investigated the impact of prolonged in-person theoretical classes on the perceptions of MF, boredom, and sleepiness among 27 Slovenian university students (firstyear physiotherapy). Their subjective experiences at various time points during a 4-h class interspersed with a 20 min break were assessed with a repeated measures ANOVA and consequent Bonferroni post-hoc tests (significance set at <0.05). Subjective MF and sleepiness significantly increased during the first and the second part of the class (p < 0.05), while they significantly decreased during the break (p < 0.05). Boredom levels only increased significantly during the second part of the class (p < 0.05). Additionally, students who had inadequate sleep the night before the class reported higher levels of MF at the beginning of the class. This study highlighted a significant impact of a theoretical class on subjective feelings of mental fatigue and showed that a break in the middle of the class temporarily alleviated this negative impact. These results emphasize the importance of adequate sleep, effective breaks, and strategies to manage cognitive workload in optimizing students' cognitive well-being and academic performance. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying factors and develop targeted interventions to support students' cognitive functioning and well-being during prolonged academic sessions.
The diploma titled Predsolska bralna znacka in izbira slikanice contains theoretical and empirica... more The diploma titled Predsolska bralna znacka in izbira slikanice contains theoretical and empirical part . At forefront of the theoretical part is the picture book quality, and the importance of reading to children in preschool age. They describe the characteristics of high-quality text, high quality illustrations and high-quality forms of picture books with examples of children's literary works. It also contains Slovenian and international book awards for the quality of the picture book and manual reading quality youth work, which can help in the selection of high-quality books. The aim of this diploma work is to find out why parents in the context of pre-school reading badges in kindergarten often choose the low-quality picture books. In the empirical part I derived from a questionnaire that I sent to parents of four-year children enrolled in kindergartens. With it I wanted to find out what affects such a choice of the parents. I observed how important it is for parents to read...
The aim of this research was to analyse the differences in some motor abilities and physical char... more The aim of this research was to analyse the differences in some motor abilities and physical characteristics among five to six year old boys and girls. The following seven measurment methods have been used in the research: transferring cubes, seated forward bend, bent arm hang, sit-ups, 300m run, body height and weight. With this test we wanted to measure aerobic endurance, agility, coordination, speed, flexibility, muscular endurance of upper body, muscular endurance of shoulder girdle and hands, bulkiness of the body and the length dimension of the body. The sample included 110 preschool children, 59 boys and 51 girls, from kindergarten Duga in Umag. Tests were conducted in May 2013. Measured data has been processed with the statistical program SPSS. For calculating the basic statistic parameters we used descriptive statistics and for determining differences in motor skills and physical characteristics among male and female we used t-test for independent samples. Data analysis showed us that there were no statistically significant differences among five to six year old boys and girls, except in the 300m run test, which measure aerobic endurance. In this test, the boys achieved statistically significant better outcome. Differences between boys and girls exist in all tests, but are very small and not statistically significant. Based on this research, we can say that the sports activity in preschool period should be organized the same for boys and girls.
This study examined the effects of using digital placebo video games in the gym while teaching gy... more This study examined the effects of using digital placebo video games in the gym while teaching gymnastics elements on the amount and level of activity intensity of elementary school students. One hundred thirty-two first triade students (70 girls) were included in the study, of whom 72 (age = 7.6 ± 0.96) participated in an experimental teaching program (EXP) using digital placebo games and 60 (age = 7.5 ± 0.91) participated in the control group (CON) in which traditional physical education continued to be taught. Three artistic gymnastic elements were taught: Forward roll, backward roll, and cartwheel. The results of the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test showed statistically significant differences between the groups (EXP vs. CON) in light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for all three gymnastic elements (forward roll: LPA: p &lt; 0.001, MVPA: p &lt; 0.001; backward roll: LPA: p &lt; 0.001, MVPA: p &lt; 0.001; cartwheel: LPA: p &lt; 0.001; MVPA: p &lt; 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in any gymnastics elements in vigorous physical activity (VPA); forward roll: p = 0.354; backward roll: p = 0.251; cartwheel: p = 0.427. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of integrating digital placebo games into physical education classes to improve the amount of LPA and MVPA when teaching gymnastics elements in the first triad.
Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients have lower cognitive functioning and reduced physical fitn... more Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients have lower cognitive functioning and reduced physical fitness than age-matched healthy individuals. Clinicians typically do not recognize the declining cognitive performance in these patients; therefore, cognitive impairment is greatly underestimated and not appropriately treated. This study aimed to evaluate the impact on cognitive function of combining cognitive training with physical exercise and physical performance in HD patients. Methods: Using a randomized, single-blinded control design, forty-four HD patients were recruited and randomly assigned to either an intradialytic physical exercise and cognitive training program (EXP group; n = 22; 54% male; 65.7 ± 9.7 years; 77.1 ± 21.9 kg; body mass index 26.8 ± 6.0) or a standard care control group (CON group; n = 21; 77% male; 67.2 ± 12.5 years; 74.2 ± 14.3 kg; body mass index 25.9 ± 3.8). The EXP group performed intradialytic cycling and cognitive training three days per week for 12 weeks. ...
Numerous studies have shown that dual-task demands involving exercise lead to a decline in perfor... more Numerous studies have shown that dual-task demands involving exercise lead to a decline in performance on one or both tasks, but the direct effects of exercise intensity and type are less known. PURPOSE: To examine the dual-task performance of reaction time while standing or walking or fast-paced walking on a treadmill while completing tasks of varying complexities. METHODS: Using within-subject and a repeated measures design a total of 32 participants (Mage=21.03±2.79; Female=17) performed six different conditions involving Go/No-Go (GNG) movement tasks while treadmill standing/walking/fast-pace walking (2 task congruent/incongruent x 3 intensities). Dual-task reaction time was measured during GNG movement task required subjects to strike virtual stimulus that is green while avoiding the red target. The directions were then reversed to create an incongruent condition. All participants performed 3 minutes of each exercise condition on a Motek-instrumented V-gait treadmill integrated with a 180° virtual reality projection screen which created the environment of GNG task. RESULTS: A repeated measures ANOVA with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction showed that mean reaction time differed significantly between exercise conditions, F (3.425, 106.177) = 14.157, p<.01. Post hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction revealed that Go-task while walking condition was faster than Go-task while standing an average of .039 (p<.01), NoGo-task while standing an average of .074 (p<.01), NoGo-task while fast-paced walking an average of .031 (p<.01). There were no significant differences between Go-task while walking, fast-paced walking and NoGo-task while walking. CONCLUSIONS: This novel research methodology suggests that walking-induced physiological arousal may lead to improved dual-task performance over a standing position (Schaefer et al., 2010). Further study with group comparison is warranted.
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the contribution of cognitive ... more The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the contribution of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to the implementation of lifestyle changes, considering health-related and behavioral outcomes. A systematic literature review was performed using multiple databases (PsycInfo, PubMed and MEDLINE). The inclusion criteria comprised randomised controlled trials of CBT for lifestyle changes in patients with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes. The quality of study reporting was assessed with the revised Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis was conducted on studies with appropriate outcomes. Nine randomised controlled trials, with a total sample size of 902 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis has shown a medium, significant effect size of CBT interventions for weight loss and weight maintenance, and a low, non-significant effect size of CBT interventions for reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. A separate, combined, m...
Background Hemodialysis (HD) patients often experience cognitive deficits and reduced mobility. W... more Background Hemodialysis (HD) patients often experience cognitive deficits and reduced mobility. While studies have shown promising results of physical and/or cognitive training in older adults, their effects in HD patients remain understudied. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 12-week intradialytic training program combining cognitive training with physical exercise on attention domains and spontaneous gait speed (SGS) in HD patients. Methods Forty-four HD patients were randomly assigned to either intradialytic cognitive and physical exercise training (EXP group; n = 22) or a standard care control group (CON group; n = 22). The EXP group performed intradialytic cycling and tablet-based cognitive training three days per week for 12 weeks. The primary outcome of the study was performance on the computerized test battery ‘Test of Attentional Performance.’ Secondary study outcome was patient mobility assessed by the four-meter SGS. Outcomes were assessed pre- and post-in...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Effects of Combined Plyometric and Shooting Training on the Biomechanical Characteristics during ... more Effects of Combined Plyometric and Shooting Training on the Biomechanical Characteristics during the Made Jump Shot in Young Male Basketball Players. Int. J. Environ. Res.
To identify the most consistent relationships among psychological variables and physical activity... more To identify the most consistent relationships among psychological variables and physical activity in youth (ages 11-21 years), 20 articles on depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, self-concept, hostility, anger, intellectual functioning, and psychiatric disorders were reviewed. Physical activity was consistently related to improvements in self-esteem, self-concept, depressive symptoms, and anxiety/stress. The effect sizes were +.12, -.15, and -.38 for self-esteem/self-concept, stress/anxiety, and depression, respectively. The evidence for hostility/anger and academic achievement was inconclusive. No negative effects of physical activity were reported. The literature suggests that physical activity in youth is psychologically beneficial. More research is needed to confirm previous findings. Adolescents should engage in moderate or vigorous aerobic activity approximately three times per week for a total of at least 60 minutes per week.
IntroductionPatients with chronic kidney disease treated with hemodialysis (HD) have lower cognit... more IntroductionPatients with chronic kidney disease treated with hemodialysis (HD) have lower cognitive abilities compared to the age-matched healthy population. Recently, physical exercise and cognitive training have been presented as possible interventions to improve cognitive abilities both in the general population and in patients with chronic diseases. To date, there is no general overview of the current knowledge on how these interventions affect cognitive abilities in HD patients and what tests are used to measure these effects.MethodsThree electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled studies of physical exercise or cognitive training interventions that examined effects on cognitive abilities/performance in HD patients.ResultsSix articles were included. All included studies used physical exercise as an intervention, with one study also including tablet-based cognitive training. Four studies included an intradialytic approach and two included a home-based interven...
Dializni bolniki so v povprečju manj gibalno dejavni in zmogljivi kot splošna populacija. Dializn... more Dializni bolniki so v povprečju manj gibalno dejavni in zmogljivi kot splošna populacija. Dializno kolesarjenje je široko uporabljen način vadbe hemodializnih bolnikov, medtem ko so učinki drugih vadbenih metod slabo raziskani. Cilj doktorskega dela je bil ugotoviti učinek dodatka funkcionalne vadbe in vadbenega svetovanja k osnovnemu programu kolesarjenja med dializo. 40 hemodializnih bolnikov je bilo naključno razporejenih v eksperimentalno skupino (n = 20) in v kontrolno skupino (n = 20). V 1. fazi (8 tednov) je eksperimentalna skupina pred dializo izvajala funkcionalno vadbo in nadaljevala s kolesarjenjem med dializo. V 2. fazi (8 tednov) je eksperimentalna skupina samostojno izvajala vadbo v domačem okolju z ohranjenim dializnim kolesarjenjem. Kontrolna skupina je sodelovala v programu dializnega kolesarjenja vseh 16 tednov. Po 8 tednih je eksperimentalna skupina izboljšala svoj rezultat pri testu 10 ponovitev vstajanja s stola (p = 0,021) in ga ohranila do 16. tedna (p = 0,037...
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a twelve-week game-based school interventio... more The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a twelve-week game-based school intervention on physical fitness in girls aged 12–14 years. Fifty-nine adolescent girls (13.2 ± 0.3 years) were randomly assigned to a group that participated in a game-based after-school program (EXP) or a control group (CON) that participated only in mandatory physical education. The EXP group had the additional program twice a week after school for 40 min/session for 12 weeks alongside with regular physical education classes. The EXP program consisted mainly of small-sided games of football, basketball, handball, and volleyball. The assessment included a physical fitness assessment with standardized tests for this age group: countermovement jump (CMJ), standing long jump, bent arm hang, overhead medicine ball throw, sit-ups for 30 s, and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 Test (YYIRT1). There was a significant interaction between group (EXP vs. CON) and time (pre-test vs. post-test) for the sta...
Mental fatigue (MF) arises during prolonged demanding cognitive activity and results in acute fee... more Mental fatigue (MF) arises during prolonged demanding cognitive activity and results in acute feelings of tiredness and a decreased physical and/or cognitive performance capacity. An often-overlooked population that is significantly at risk for the development of MF are university students. The current study investigated the impact of prolonged in-person theoretical classes on the perceptions of MF, boredom, and sleepiness among 27 Slovenian university students (firstyear physiotherapy). Their subjective experiences at various time points during a 4-h class interspersed with a 20 min break were assessed with a repeated measures ANOVA and consequent Bonferroni post-hoc tests (significance set at <0.05). Subjective MF and sleepiness significantly increased during the first and the second part of the class (p < 0.05), while they significantly decreased during the break (p < 0.05). Boredom levels only increased significantly during the second part of the class (p < 0.05). Additionally, students who had inadequate sleep the night before the class reported higher levels of MF at the beginning of the class. This study highlighted a significant impact of a theoretical class on subjective feelings of mental fatigue and showed that a break in the middle of the class temporarily alleviated this negative impact. These results emphasize the importance of adequate sleep, effective breaks, and strategies to manage cognitive workload in optimizing students' cognitive well-being and academic performance. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying factors and develop targeted interventions to support students' cognitive functioning and well-being during prolonged academic sessions.
The diploma titled Predsolska bralna znacka in izbira slikanice contains theoretical and empirica... more The diploma titled Predsolska bralna znacka in izbira slikanice contains theoretical and empirical part . At forefront of the theoretical part is the picture book quality, and the importance of reading to children in preschool age. They describe the characteristics of high-quality text, high quality illustrations and high-quality forms of picture books with examples of children's literary works. It also contains Slovenian and international book awards for the quality of the picture book and manual reading quality youth work, which can help in the selection of high-quality books. The aim of this diploma work is to find out why parents in the context of pre-school reading badges in kindergarten often choose the low-quality picture books. In the empirical part I derived from a questionnaire that I sent to parents of four-year children enrolled in kindergartens. With it I wanted to find out what affects such a choice of the parents. I observed how important it is for parents to read...
The aim of this research was to analyse the differences in some motor abilities and physical char... more The aim of this research was to analyse the differences in some motor abilities and physical characteristics among five to six year old boys and girls. The following seven measurment methods have been used in the research: transferring cubes, seated forward bend, bent arm hang, sit-ups, 300m run, body height and weight. With this test we wanted to measure aerobic endurance, agility, coordination, speed, flexibility, muscular endurance of upper body, muscular endurance of shoulder girdle and hands, bulkiness of the body and the length dimension of the body. The sample included 110 preschool children, 59 boys and 51 girls, from kindergarten Duga in Umag. Tests were conducted in May 2013. Measured data has been processed with the statistical program SPSS. For calculating the basic statistic parameters we used descriptive statistics and for determining differences in motor skills and physical characteristics among male and female we used t-test for independent samples. Data analysis showed us that there were no statistically significant differences among five to six year old boys and girls, except in the 300m run test, which measure aerobic endurance. In this test, the boys achieved statistically significant better outcome. Differences between boys and girls exist in all tests, but are very small and not statistically significant. Based on this research, we can say that the sports activity in preschool period should be organized the same for boys and girls.
This study examined the effects of using digital placebo video games in the gym while teaching gy... more This study examined the effects of using digital placebo video games in the gym while teaching gymnastics elements on the amount and level of activity intensity of elementary school students. One hundred thirty-two first triade students (70 girls) were included in the study, of whom 72 (age = 7.6 ± 0.96) participated in an experimental teaching program (EXP) using digital placebo games and 60 (age = 7.5 ± 0.91) participated in the control group (CON) in which traditional physical education continued to be taught. Three artistic gymnastic elements were taught: Forward roll, backward roll, and cartwheel. The results of the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test showed statistically significant differences between the groups (EXP vs. CON) in light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for all three gymnastic elements (forward roll: LPA: p &lt; 0.001, MVPA: p &lt; 0.001; backward roll: LPA: p &lt; 0.001, MVPA: p &lt; 0.001; cartwheel: LPA: p &lt; 0.001; MVPA: p &lt; 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in any gymnastics elements in vigorous physical activity (VPA); forward roll: p = 0.354; backward roll: p = 0.251; cartwheel: p = 0.427. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of integrating digital placebo games into physical education classes to improve the amount of LPA and MVPA when teaching gymnastics elements in the first triad.
Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients have lower cognitive functioning and reduced physical fitn... more Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients have lower cognitive functioning and reduced physical fitness than age-matched healthy individuals. Clinicians typically do not recognize the declining cognitive performance in these patients; therefore, cognitive impairment is greatly underestimated and not appropriately treated. This study aimed to evaluate the impact on cognitive function of combining cognitive training with physical exercise and physical performance in HD patients. Methods: Using a randomized, single-blinded control design, forty-four HD patients were recruited and randomly assigned to either an intradialytic physical exercise and cognitive training program (EXP group; n = 22; 54% male; 65.7 ± 9.7 years; 77.1 ± 21.9 kg; body mass index 26.8 ± 6.0) or a standard care control group (CON group; n = 21; 77% male; 67.2 ± 12.5 years; 74.2 ± 14.3 kg; body mass index 25.9 ± 3.8). The EXP group performed intradialytic cycling and cognitive training three days per week for 12 weeks. ...
Numerous studies have shown that dual-task demands involving exercise lead to a decline in perfor... more Numerous studies have shown that dual-task demands involving exercise lead to a decline in performance on one or both tasks, but the direct effects of exercise intensity and type are less known. PURPOSE: To examine the dual-task performance of reaction time while standing or walking or fast-paced walking on a treadmill while completing tasks of varying complexities. METHODS: Using within-subject and a repeated measures design a total of 32 participants (Mage=21.03±2.79; Female=17) performed six different conditions involving Go/No-Go (GNG) movement tasks while treadmill standing/walking/fast-pace walking (2 task congruent/incongruent x 3 intensities). Dual-task reaction time was measured during GNG movement task required subjects to strike virtual stimulus that is green while avoiding the red target. The directions were then reversed to create an incongruent condition. All participants performed 3 minutes of each exercise condition on a Motek-instrumented V-gait treadmill integrated with a 180° virtual reality projection screen which created the environment of GNG task. RESULTS: A repeated measures ANOVA with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction showed that mean reaction time differed significantly between exercise conditions, F (3.425, 106.177) = 14.157, p<.01. Post hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction revealed that Go-task while walking condition was faster than Go-task while standing an average of .039 (p<.01), NoGo-task while standing an average of .074 (p<.01), NoGo-task while fast-paced walking an average of .031 (p<.01). There were no significant differences between Go-task while walking, fast-paced walking and NoGo-task while walking. CONCLUSIONS: This novel research methodology suggests that walking-induced physiological arousal may lead to improved dual-task performance over a standing position (Schaefer et al., 2010). Further study with group comparison is warranted.
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the contribution of cognitive ... more The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the contribution of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to the implementation of lifestyle changes, considering health-related and behavioral outcomes. A systematic literature review was performed using multiple databases (PsycInfo, PubMed and MEDLINE). The inclusion criteria comprised randomised controlled trials of CBT for lifestyle changes in patients with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes. The quality of study reporting was assessed with the revised Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis was conducted on studies with appropriate outcomes. Nine randomised controlled trials, with a total sample size of 902 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis has shown a medium, significant effect size of CBT interventions for weight loss and weight maintenance, and a low, non-significant effect size of CBT interventions for reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. A separate, combined, m...
Background Hemodialysis (HD) patients often experience cognitive deficits and reduced mobility. W... more Background Hemodialysis (HD) patients often experience cognitive deficits and reduced mobility. While studies have shown promising results of physical and/or cognitive training in older adults, their effects in HD patients remain understudied. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 12-week intradialytic training program combining cognitive training with physical exercise on attention domains and spontaneous gait speed (SGS) in HD patients. Methods Forty-four HD patients were randomly assigned to either intradialytic cognitive and physical exercise training (EXP group; n = 22) or a standard care control group (CON group; n = 22). The EXP group performed intradialytic cycling and tablet-based cognitive training three days per week for 12 weeks. The primary outcome of the study was performance on the computerized test battery ‘Test of Attentional Performance.’ Secondary study outcome was patient mobility assessed by the four-meter SGS. Outcomes were assessed pre- and post-in...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Effects of Combined Plyometric and Shooting Training on the Biomechanical Characteristics during ... more Effects of Combined Plyometric and Shooting Training on the Biomechanical Characteristics during the Made Jump Shot in Young Male Basketball Players. Int. J. Environ. Res.
To identify the most consistent relationships among psychological variables and physical activity... more To identify the most consistent relationships among psychological variables and physical activity in youth (ages 11-21 years), 20 articles on depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, self-concept, hostility, anger, intellectual functioning, and psychiatric disorders were reviewed. Physical activity was consistently related to improvements in self-esteem, self-concept, depressive symptoms, and anxiety/stress. The effect sizes were +.12, -.15, and -.38 for self-esteem/self-concept, stress/anxiety, and depression, respectively. The evidence for hostility/anger and academic achievement was inconclusive. No negative effects of physical activity were reported. The literature suggests that physical activity in youth is psychologically beneficial. More research is needed to confirm previous findings. Adolescents should engage in moderate or vigorous aerobic activity approximately three times per week for a total of at least 60 minutes per week.
IntroductionPatients with chronic kidney disease treated with hemodialysis (HD) have lower cognit... more IntroductionPatients with chronic kidney disease treated with hemodialysis (HD) have lower cognitive abilities compared to the age-matched healthy population. Recently, physical exercise and cognitive training have been presented as possible interventions to improve cognitive abilities both in the general population and in patients with chronic diseases. To date, there is no general overview of the current knowledge on how these interventions affect cognitive abilities in HD patients and what tests are used to measure these effects.MethodsThree electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled studies of physical exercise or cognitive training interventions that examined effects on cognitive abilities/performance in HD patients.ResultsSix articles were included. All included studies used physical exercise as an intervention, with one study also including tablet-based cognitive training. Four studies included an intradialytic approach and two included a home-based interven...
Dializni bolniki so v povprečju manj gibalno dejavni in zmogljivi kot splošna populacija. Dializn... more Dializni bolniki so v povprečju manj gibalno dejavni in zmogljivi kot splošna populacija. Dializno kolesarjenje je široko uporabljen način vadbe hemodializnih bolnikov, medtem ko so učinki drugih vadbenih metod slabo raziskani. Cilj doktorskega dela je bil ugotoviti učinek dodatka funkcionalne vadbe in vadbenega svetovanja k osnovnemu programu kolesarjenja med dializo. 40 hemodializnih bolnikov je bilo naključno razporejenih v eksperimentalno skupino (n = 20) in v kontrolno skupino (n = 20). V 1. fazi (8 tednov) je eksperimentalna skupina pred dializo izvajala funkcionalno vadbo in nadaljevala s kolesarjenjem med dializo. V 2. fazi (8 tednov) je eksperimentalna skupina samostojno izvajala vadbo v domačem okolju z ohranjenim dializnim kolesarjenjem. Kontrolna skupina je sodelovala v programu dializnega kolesarjenja vseh 16 tednov. Po 8 tednih je eksperimentalna skupina izboljšala svoj rezultat pri testu 10 ponovitev vstajanja s stola (p = 0,021) in ga ohranila do 16. tedna (p = 0,037...
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a twelve-week game-based school interventio... more The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a twelve-week game-based school intervention on physical fitness in girls aged 12–14 years. Fifty-nine adolescent girls (13.2 ± 0.3 years) were randomly assigned to a group that participated in a game-based after-school program (EXP) or a control group (CON) that participated only in mandatory physical education. The EXP group had the additional program twice a week after school for 40 min/session for 12 weeks alongside with regular physical education classes. The EXP program consisted mainly of small-sided games of football, basketball, handball, and volleyball. The assessment included a physical fitness assessment with standardized tests for this age group: countermovement jump (CMJ), standing long jump, bent arm hang, overhead medicine ball throw, sit-ups for 30 s, and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 Test (YYIRT1). There was a significant interaction between group (EXP vs. CON) and time (pre-test vs. post-test) for the sta...
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