Monthly Notices of The Royal Astronomical Society, 2007
We present radio observations at frequencies ranging from 240 to 8460 MHz of the radio galaxy 4C ... more We present radio observations at frequencies ranging from 240 to 8460 MHz of the radio galaxy 4C 29.30 (J0840+2949) using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Effelsberg telescope. We report the existence of weak extended emission with an angular size of ∼520 arcsec (639 kpc) within which a compact edge-brightened double-lobed source with a size of 29 arcsec (36 kpc) is embedded. We determine the spectrum of the inner double from 240 to 8460 MHz and show that it has a single power-law spectrum with a spectral index of ∼0.8. Its spectral age is estimated to be ≲33 Myr. The extended diffuse emission has a steep spectrum with a spectral index of ∼1.3 and a break frequency ≲240 MHz. The spectral age is ≳200 Myr, suggesting that the extended diffuse emission is due to an earlier cycle of activity. We re-analyse archival X-ray data from Chandra and suggest that the X-ray emission from the hotspots consists of a mixture of non-thermal and thermal components, the latter being possibly due to gas which is shock heated by the jets from the host galaxy.
Aims. To investigate the very high energy (VHE: >100 GeV) γ-ray emission from the high-frequency ... more Aims. To investigate the very high energy (VHE: >100 GeV) γ-ray emission from the high-frequency peaked BL Lac 1ES 0229+200. Methods. Observations of 1ES 0229+200 at energies above 580 GeV were performed with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) in 2005 and 2006. Results. 1ES 0229+200 is discovered by HESS to be an emitter of VHE photons. A signal is detected at the 6.6σ level in the HESS observations (41.8 h live time). The integral flux above 580 GeV is (9.4 ± 1.5 stat ± 1.9 syst ) × 10 −13 cm −2 s −1 , corresponding to ∼1.8% of the flux observed from the Crab Nebula. The data show no evidence for significant variability on any time scale. The observed spectrum is characterized by a hard power law (Γ = 2.50 ± 0.19 stat ± 0.10 syst ) from 500 GeV to ∼15 TeV. Conclusions. The high-energy range and hardness of the observed spectrum, coupled with the object's relatively large redshift (z = 0.1396), enable the strongest constraints so far on the density of the Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) in the mid-infrared band. Assuming that the emitted spectrum is not harder than Γ int ≈ 1.5, the HESS data support an EBL spectrum ∝λ −1 and density close to the lower limit from source counts measured by Spitzer, confirming the previous indications from the HEGRA data of 1ES 1426+428 (z = 0.129). Irrespective of the EBL models used, the intrinsic spectrum of 1ES 0229+200 is hard, thus locating the high-energy peak of its spectral energy distribution above a few TeV.
This thesis analyzes the role and power of symbols in the identity formation of community members... more This thesis analyzes the role and power of symbols in the identity formation of community members. With regards to different sociological traditions it discusses the concepts of symbol, identity and community in three chapters and makes analyses via employing three specific samples i.e., of dressing, Cross and language mainly from the view point of semiology and symbolic interactionism in the following chapter by integrating the three concepts elaborated separately to indicate and emphasize the role and power of symbols in the identity formation of community members. In the conclusive chapter it presents an overall remark of the whole study by emphasizing the effect and influence of the concepts of symbol, identity and community on each other. The thesis argues that consciously or not everyone convey their messages through the use of symbols. Therefore, from dressing to managed speech and interaction everyone come on the stage fully equipped and iv loaded with these symbols, which would in the last analysis be definitive in determining the borderlines of this symbolic world within their specific community which is nothing but a pool of symbols. Haziran 2004, 72 sayfa Bu tez çalışması topluluk üyelerinin kimlik oluşumlarında sembollerin rolünü ve gücünü incelemektedir. Farklı sosyolojik gelenekler çerçevesinde sembol, kimlik ve topluluk kavramları üç bülüm halinde tartışılmakta ve takip eden bölümde ayrı ayrı incelenmiş olan kavramların biraraya toplanması suretiyle tüm çalışmanın ana vurgusu olan topluluk üyelerinin kimlik oluşumlarında sembollerin rolü ve gücü, özellikle göstergebilim ve sembolik etkileşim kuramlarının bakış açısıyla, giyim, Haç ve dil örneklemlerinin irdelenmesi ile verilmektedir. Son bölümde sembol, kimlik ve topluluk kavramlarının birbiri üzerindeki etkisi vurgulanarak calışmanın ana kaygısı özetlenmektedir. Tezde, bilinçli ya da bilinçsiz, herkesin mesajlarını semboller yolu ile aktardığı tartışılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, giyimden ifade şekillerine ve karşılıklı etkileşime değin her konu ve buna vi bağlı olarak herkes sahneye sembollere bezenmiş ve sembollerle yüklü olarak çıkmaktadır ki bu da son tahlilde sembol havuzundan başka birşey olmayan topluluğun sembolik dünyasının sınırlarını çizmekte belirleyicidir. Anahtar kelimeler: Sembol, Kimlik, Topluluk, Göstergebilim vii To My Family viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people have contributed, directly or indirectly to this study to whom I am grateful for their valuable comments and ideas. However, several people deserves special thanks and these are due to my thesis supervisor Ceylan TOKLUOĞLU for her enduring support and encouragement, Mehmet RIFAT for my formation and never lasting interest in semiology and Mesut YEĞEN for providing the way to combine it with my 'ideology' in this study. I should also like to acknowledge the patience and skills of all my family before and through this study. Thank you Felix and Sema for your unshakable faith in me; and Tunga for all your understanding at a time that you needed your mother the most.
Monthly Notices of The Royal Astronomical Society, 2007
We present radio observations at frequencies ranging from 240 to 8460 MHz of the radio galaxy 4C ... more We present radio observations at frequencies ranging from 240 to 8460 MHz of the radio galaxy 4C 29.30 (J0840+2949) using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Effelsberg telescope. We report the existence of weak extended emission with an angular size of ∼520 arcsec (639 kpc) within which a compact edge-brightened double-lobed source with a size of 29 arcsec (36 kpc) is embedded. We determine the spectrum of the inner double from 240 to 8460 MHz and show that it has a single power-law spectrum with a spectral index of ∼0.8. Its spectral age is estimated to be ≲33 Myr. The extended diffuse emission has a steep spectrum with a spectral index of ∼1.3 and a break frequency ≲240 MHz. The spectral age is ≳200 Myr, suggesting that the extended diffuse emission is due to an earlier cycle of activity. We re-analyse archival X-ray data from Chandra and suggest that the X-ray emission from the hotspots consists of a mixture of non-thermal and thermal components, the latter being possibly due to gas which is shock heated by the jets from the host galaxy.
Aims. To investigate the very high energy (VHE: >100 GeV) γ-ray emission from the high-frequency ... more Aims. To investigate the very high energy (VHE: >100 GeV) γ-ray emission from the high-frequency peaked BL Lac 1ES 0229+200. Methods. Observations of 1ES 0229+200 at energies above 580 GeV were performed with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) in 2005 and 2006. Results. 1ES 0229+200 is discovered by HESS to be an emitter of VHE photons. A signal is detected at the 6.6σ level in the HESS observations (41.8 h live time). The integral flux above 580 GeV is (9.4 ± 1.5 stat ± 1.9 syst ) × 10 −13 cm −2 s −1 , corresponding to ∼1.8% of the flux observed from the Crab Nebula. The data show no evidence for significant variability on any time scale. The observed spectrum is characterized by a hard power law (Γ = 2.50 ± 0.19 stat ± 0.10 syst ) from 500 GeV to ∼15 TeV. Conclusions. The high-energy range and hardness of the observed spectrum, coupled with the object's relatively large redshift (z = 0.1396), enable the strongest constraints so far on the density of the Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) in the mid-infrared band. Assuming that the emitted spectrum is not harder than Γ int ≈ 1.5, the HESS data support an EBL spectrum ∝λ −1 and density close to the lower limit from source counts measured by Spitzer, confirming the previous indications from the HEGRA data of 1ES 1426+428 (z = 0.129). Irrespective of the EBL models used, the intrinsic spectrum of 1ES 0229+200 is hard, thus locating the high-energy peak of its spectral energy distribution above a few TeV.
This thesis analyzes the role and power of symbols in the identity formation of community members... more This thesis analyzes the role and power of symbols in the identity formation of community members. With regards to different sociological traditions it discusses the concepts of symbol, identity and community in three chapters and makes analyses via employing three specific samples i.e., of dressing, Cross and language mainly from the view point of semiology and symbolic interactionism in the following chapter by integrating the three concepts elaborated separately to indicate and emphasize the role and power of symbols in the identity formation of community members. In the conclusive chapter it presents an overall remark of the whole study by emphasizing the effect and influence of the concepts of symbol, identity and community on each other. The thesis argues that consciously or not everyone convey their messages through the use of symbols. Therefore, from dressing to managed speech and interaction everyone come on the stage fully equipped and iv loaded with these symbols, which would in the last analysis be definitive in determining the borderlines of this symbolic world within their specific community which is nothing but a pool of symbols. Haziran 2004, 72 sayfa Bu tez çalışması topluluk üyelerinin kimlik oluşumlarında sembollerin rolünü ve gücünü incelemektedir. Farklı sosyolojik gelenekler çerçevesinde sembol, kimlik ve topluluk kavramları üç bülüm halinde tartışılmakta ve takip eden bölümde ayrı ayrı incelenmiş olan kavramların biraraya toplanması suretiyle tüm çalışmanın ana vurgusu olan topluluk üyelerinin kimlik oluşumlarında sembollerin rolü ve gücü, özellikle göstergebilim ve sembolik etkileşim kuramlarının bakış açısıyla, giyim, Haç ve dil örneklemlerinin irdelenmesi ile verilmektedir. Son bölümde sembol, kimlik ve topluluk kavramlarının birbiri üzerindeki etkisi vurgulanarak calışmanın ana kaygısı özetlenmektedir. Tezde, bilinçli ya da bilinçsiz, herkesin mesajlarını semboller yolu ile aktardığı tartışılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, giyimden ifade şekillerine ve karşılıklı etkileşime değin her konu ve buna vi bağlı olarak herkes sahneye sembollere bezenmiş ve sembollerle yüklü olarak çıkmaktadır ki bu da son tahlilde sembol havuzundan başka birşey olmayan topluluğun sembolik dünyasının sınırlarını çizmekte belirleyicidir. Anahtar kelimeler: Sembol, Kimlik, Topluluk, Göstergebilim vii To My Family viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people have contributed, directly or indirectly to this study to whom I am grateful for their valuable comments and ideas. However, several people deserves special thanks and these are due to my thesis supervisor Ceylan TOKLUOĞLU for her enduring support and encouragement, Mehmet RIFAT for my formation and never lasting interest in semiology and Mesut YEĞEN for providing the way to combine it with my 'ideology' in this study. I should also like to acknowledge the patience and skills of all my family before and through this study. Thank you Felix and Sema for your unshakable faith in me; and Tunga for all your understanding at a time that you needed your mother the most.
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