Marine protected areas of multiple uses (MPA-MU), are an important management tool to protect bio... more Marine protected areas of multiple uses (MPA-MU), are an important management tool to protect biodiversity and regulate the use of coastal marine resources. However, robust conservation plans require an explicit consideration of not only biological but also social components, balancing the protection of biodiversity with a sustainable exploitation of marine resources. Here we applied the decision-making algorithm MARXAN to provide a zoning analysis at the Mejillones Peninsula MPA-MU in northern Chile, one of largest MPA's of the Humboldt Current Marine Ecosystem. We set conservation goals for coarse and fine-filter conservation targets that were crossed out against different threats and pressure factors from human activities across the area. We identified a portfolio of sites for conservation, within the Mejillones Peninsula MPA-MU, representing different ecological systems with different levels of human impacts and vulnerability. These results may serve as a foundational guideline for the future administration of the MPA-MU.
Éste es el resultado del Proyecto "Propuesta de Regionalización del Sistema Pesquero Ribereño: Go... more Éste es el resultado del Proyecto "Propuesta de Regionalización del Sistema Pesquero Ribereño: Golfo de California y Costa Occidental de Baja California Sur", el cuál fue desarrollado gracias a que WWF considera que para minimizar los efectos adversos de la pesca ribereña sobre la biodiversidad del Golfo de California maximizando los beneficios sociales, es necesario coadyuvar con la autoridad, los pescadores y la sociedad en general para regular y ordenar la pesca. Por lo que WWF pretende impulsar un esquema de manejo pesquero regionalizado para las pesquerías ribereñas que se ajuste a las dinámicas biológico-pesqueras y a las condiciones ambientales y sociales del Golfo. En tal virtud, WWF-México, a través de su Programa Golfo de California luego de un proceso de convocatoria pública de Proyectos, selecciono y comunico a los interesados el Proyecto seleccionado en diciembre del 2006 y se procedió a firma del Convenio de Trabajo de acuerdo a lo señalado en el contrato denominado "KH02" administrativamente por WWF. Las opiniones, ideas y comentarios expresados, desarrollados, señalados, dichos ó vertidos en esta publicación son de completa responsabilidad de los Autores y no reflejan ó interpretan necesariamente las de WWF ó cualquiera otra Agencia, Institución ó Dependencia Municipal, Estatal ó Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, que sea citada.
At a global level, warming caused by the increase in greenhouse gases has been reported in differ... more At a global level, warming caused by the increase in greenhouse gases has been reported in different parts of the world. This warming resulted in a reduction in the diurnal temperature range (DTR), caused by a faster rate of increase in minimum temperatures. However, the tendency toward warming is not obvious in Zacatecas, Mexico. The tendencies in maximum and minimum temperatures are partly linked to the state of the low frequency variability of large-scale atmospheric flow patterns, as depicted by the 700-mb geopotential height anomalies. Analyses of maximum and minimum temperatures from 23 climate stations, from 1963 to 2002, show that the DTR in southern Zacatecas is increasing from a rise in maximum temperatures and drop in minimum temperatures, while the DTR in northern Zacatecas is decreasing from a faster rate of decline in maximum temperatures than the increase in minimum temperatures. The regional series related to the F1 and F2 leading modes, after applying a Varimax-rotated empirical orthogonal function analysis to the 23 DTR series, acceptably reproduce the north-south dipole of DTR changes, while the point-correlation analysis between the two regional series, the 700-mb geopotential height anomalies and the indices of Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation indicate that the DTR in Zacatecas, Mexico is related to fluctuations in subtropical and extratropical circulations. TEMPERATURE TENDENCIES IN ZACATECAS, MEXICO 217 Figure 3. Distribution of higher than 0.5 (open circles) and lower than 0.5 (filled circles) loading values after applying a Varimax-rotated empirical orthogonal functional analysis of the DTR for 1963 through 2002 for (a) F1 and (b) F2. Loading values are multiplied by 100.
Nucleotide and amino acid sequence data from a 544-bp segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (... more Nucleotide and amino acid sequence data from a 544-bp segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene were used to examine phylogenetic relationships of the Shafted Bonefish, Albula (5Dixonina) nemoptera, a morphologically distinct bonefish limited to the coastal waters of the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic, among members of the widely distributed and cryptic A. vulpes species complex of Albula (Albuliformes: Albulidae). Phylogenetic trees based on Bayesian and parsimony methods indicated that A. nemoptera from the tropical eastern Pacific (Colima, México) nested within the A. vulpes complex, supporting the placement of the genus Dixonina Fowler, 1911 into the synonymy of Albula Scopoli, 1777. Phylogenetic analyses also showed that A. nemoptera is the sister taxon to the undescribed Albula sp. E from the western Atlantic (Bahia, Brazil), previously placed in the A. vulpes complex. This evidence, together with the presence of a diagnostic amino acid substitution in the translated Cyt b segment in both species, suggested that Albula sp. E, identified solely from molecular data with no adult voucher available, should be provisionally assigned to A. nemoptera.
During June 1997, bottom sediment samples were collected at 76 stations on a rectangular grid in ... more During June 1997, bottom sediment samples were collected at 76 stations on a rectangular grid in a small port (Lirquén Harbor, south-central Chile) facing siltation problems. The spatial changes in grain-size parameters, analyzed by using three different methodologies to infer net sediment transport paths, are compared with the measured water circulation of the study area and sediment dispersal patterns on aerial photographs. A Geographical Information System (GIS) is used to determine the degree of similarity between the results of the three grain-size trend methodologies. The results of this study confirm that because of its formulation and underlying assumptions, the McLaren-Bowles methodology tends to confuse the space-scale of sediment transport processes. In this way, the obtained transport patterns are in poor correlation with the observed hydrodynamics and aerial photographs and they seem to represent a combination of the spatial macroscale and mesoscale sediment transport processes existing in Concepcion Bay and in Lirquén Harbor, respectively. On the contrary, because the results yielded by the Gao-Collins and Le Roux methodologies correlate well with these studies, it is suggested that both methodologies be applied in combination to allow a better representation of local net sediment transport patterns, especially in estuarine environments where multiple sediment sources exist. Spatial analysis suggests that transport pathways obtained through these two methodologies represent the mesoscale sediment circulation existing in Lirquén Harbor. This study also emphasizes the importance of applying a statistical test to the transport trend vectors obtained using the GSTA program of , as these may erroneously reflect sediment transport direction. Lastly, the analyzed data and the results of the models are combined to determine the sediment transport regime existing in Lirquén Harbor.
Deep-sea Research Part I-oceanographic Research Papers, 2000
The bathymetric distribution of chaetognaths was studied at an oceanic station located 14 nautica... more The bathymetric distribution of chaetognaths was studied at an oceanic station located 14 nautical miles o! ValparamH so. During an annual cycle between July 1994 and September 1995, vertical samples of plankton were taken between 0 and 900 m depth. Temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen showed temporal and spatial #uctuations within the surface layer (0}100 m), mainly a!ected by Subantarctic Water and in certain periods by Subtropical Water. Between 150 and 400 m low dissolved oxygen content and higher salinity were found, characteristic of Equatorial Subsurface Waters, and between 400 and 800 m Antarctic Intermediate Water, characterized by its higher content of dissolved oxygen and lower temperature and salinity was present. Fifteen species of chaetognaths were identi"ed: Sagitta bierii, S. enyata, S. minima, S. pacixca, S. lyra, S. planctonis, S. marri, S. macrocephala, S. maxima, S. decipiens, S. tasmanica, S. gazellae, Krohnitta subtilis, Eukrohnia hamata and E. fowleri. The most abundant and frequent species were Sagitta enyata, S. bierii and Eukrohnia hamata. The greatest density of chaetognaths was con"ned to the 0}200 m water column and the species diversity gradually decreased from the epiplanktonic to the mesoplanktonic domain. The vertical distribution of the chaetognaths showed a strong association with the water masses present. The epipelagic species (0}200 m) S. enyata, S. bierii, S. minima and Krohnitta subtilis are associated mainly with Subantarctic Water and occasionally with Subtropical Water; the mesopelagic species (200}1000 m) S. lyra, S. planctonis, S. macrocephala, S. marri and E. fowleri are associated with Equatorial Subsurface Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water. There is another species assemblage of broad bathymetric distribution (0}900 m) consisting of E. hamata, S. decipiens and S. maxima, which 0967-0637/00/$ -see front matter 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 9 6 7 -0 6 3 7 ( 0 0 ) 0 0 0 2 0 -0 does not show a distinctive association with a given water mass. E. hamata is an indicator species of upwelling events o! the Chilean coast, showing an association with waters of low temperatures, greater salinity, and low contents of dissolved oxygen, which are characteristic of Equatorial Subsurface Water.
Marine protected areas of multiple uses (MPA-MU), are an important management tool to protect bio... more Marine protected areas of multiple uses (MPA-MU), are an important management tool to protect biodiversity and regulate the use of coastal marine resources. However, robust conservation plans require an explicit consideration of not only biological but also social components, balancing the protection of biodiversity with a sustainable exploitation of marine resources. Here we applied the decision-making algorithm MARXAN to provide a zoning analysis at the Mejillones Peninsula MPA-MU in northern Chile, one of largest MPA's of the Humboldt Current Marine Ecosystem. We set conservation goals for coarse and fine-filter conservation targets that were crossed out against different threats and pressure factors from human activities across the area. We identified a portfolio of sites for conservation, within the Mejillones Peninsula MPA-MU, representing different ecological systems with different levels of human impacts and vulnerability. These results may serve as a foundational guideline for the future administration of the MPA-MU.
Éste es el resultado del Proyecto "Propuesta de Regionalización del Sistema Pesquero Ribereño: Go... more Éste es el resultado del Proyecto "Propuesta de Regionalización del Sistema Pesquero Ribereño: Golfo de California y Costa Occidental de Baja California Sur", el cuál fue desarrollado gracias a que WWF considera que para minimizar los efectos adversos de la pesca ribereña sobre la biodiversidad del Golfo de California maximizando los beneficios sociales, es necesario coadyuvar con la autoridad, los pescadores y la sociedad en general para regular y ordenar la pesca. Por lo que WWF pretende impulsar un esquema de manejo pesquero regionalizado para las pesquerías ribereñas que se ajuste a las dinámicas biológico-pesqueras y a las condiciones ambientales y sociales del Golfo. En tal virtud, WWF-México, a través de su Programa Golfo de California luego de un proceso de convocatoria pública de Proyectos, selecciono y comunico a los interesados el Proyecto seleccionado en diciembre del 2006 y se procedió a firma del Convenio de Trabajo de acuerdo a lo señalado en el contrato denominado "KH02" administrativamente por WWF. Las opiniones, ideas y comentarios expresados, desarrollados, señalados, dichos ó vertidos en esta publicación son de completa responsabilidad de los Autores y no reflejan ó interpretan necesariamente las de WWF ó cualquiera otra Agencia, Institución ó Dependencia Municipal, Estatal ó Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, que sea citada.
At a global level, warming caused by the increase in greenhouse gases has been reported in differ... more At a global level, warming caused by the increase in greenhouse gases has been reported in different parts of the world. This warming resulted in a reduction in the diurnal temperature range (DTR), caused by a faster rate of increase in minimum temperatures. However, the tendency toward warming is not obvious in Zacatecas, Mexico. The tendencies in maximum and minimum temperatures are partly linked to the state of the low frequency variability of large-scale atmospheric flow patterns, as depicted by the 700-mb geopotential height anomalies. Analyses of maximum and minimum temperatures from 23 climate stations, from 1963 to 2002, show that the DTR in southern Zacatecas is increasing from a rise in maximum temperatures and drop in minimum temperatures, while the DTR in northern Zacatecas is decreasing from a faster rate of decline in maximum temperatures than the increase in minimum temperatures. The regional series related to the F1 and F2 leading modes, after applying a Varimax-rotated empirical orthogonal function analysis to the 23 DTR series, acceptably reproduce the north-south dipole of DTR changes, while the point-correlation analysis between the two regional series, the 700-mb geopotential height anomalies and the indices of Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation indicate that the DTR in Zacatecas, Mexico is related to fluctuations in subtropical and extratropical circulations. TEMPERATURE TENDENCIES IN ZACATECAS, MEXICO 217 Figure 3. Distribution of higher than 0.5 (open circles) and lower than 0.5 (filled circles) loading values after applying a Varimax-rotated empirical orthogonal functional analysis of the DTR for 1963 through 2002 for (a) F1 and (b) F2. Loading values are multiplied by 100.
Nucleotide and amino acid sequence data from a 544-bp segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (... more Nucleotide and amino acid sequence data from a 544-bp segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene were used to examine phylogenetic relationships of the Shafted Bonefish, Albula (5Dixonina) nemoptera, a morphologically distinct bonefish limited to the coastal waters of the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic, among members of the widely distributed and cryptic A. vulpes species complex of Albula (Albuliformes: Albulidae). Phylogenetic trees based on Bayesian and parsimony methods indicated that A. nemoptera from the tropical eastern Pacific (Colima, México) nested within the A. vulpes complex, supporting the placement of the genus Dixonina Fowler, 1911 into the synonymy of Albula Scopoli, 1777. Phylogenetic analyses also showed that A. nemoptera is the sister taxon to the undescribed Albula sp. E from the western Atlantic (Bahia, Brazil), previously placed in the A. vulpes complex. This evidence, together with the presence of a diagnostic amino acid substitution in the translated Cyt b segment in both species, suggested that Albula sp. E, identified solely from molecular data with no adult voucher available, should be provisionally assigned to A. nemoptera.
During June 1997, bottom sediment samples were collected at 76 stations on a rectangular grid in ... more During June 1997, bottom sediment samples were collected at 76 stations on a rectangular grid in a small port (Lirquén Harbor, south-central Chile) facing siltation problems. The spatial changes in grain-size parameters, analyzed by using three different methodologies to infer net sediment transport paths, are compared with the measured water circulation of the study area and sediment dispersal patterns on aerial photographs. A Geographical Information System (GIS) is used to determine the degree of similarity between the results of the three grain-size trend methodologies. The results of this study confirm that because of its formulation and underlying assumptions, the McLaren-Bowles methodology tends to confuse the space-scale of sediment transport processes. In this way, the obtained transport patterns are in poor correlation with the observed hydrodynamics and aerial photographs and they seem to represent a combination of the spatial macroscale and mesoscale sediment transport processes existing in Concepcion Bay and in Lirquén Harbor, respectively. On the contrary, because the results yielded by the Gao-Collins and Le Roux methodologies correlate well with these studies, it is suggested that both methodologies be applied in combination to allow a better representation of local net sediment transport patterns, especially in estuarine environments where multiple sediment sources exist. Spatial analysis suggests that transport pathways obtained through these two methodologies represent the mesoscale sediment circulation existing in Lirquén Harbor. This study also emphasizes the importance of applying a statistical test to the transport trend vectors obtained using the GSTA program of , as these may erroneously reflect sediment transport direction. Lastly, the analyzed data and the results of the models are combined to determine the sediment transport regime existing in Lirquén Harbor.
Deep-sea Research Part I-oceanographic Research Papers, 2000
The bathymetric distribution of chaetognaths was studied at an oceanic station located 14 nautica... more The bathymetric distribution of chaetognaths was studied at an oceanic station located 14 nautical miles o! ValparamH so. During an annual cycle between July 1994 and September 1995, vertical samples of plankton were taken between 0 and 900 m depth. Temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen showed temporal and spatial #uctuations within the surface layer (0}100 m), mainly a!ected by Subantarctic Water and in certain periods by Subtropical Water. Between 150 and 400 m low dissolved oxygen content and higher salinity were found, characteristic of Equatorial Subsurface Waters, and between 400 and 800 m Antarctic Intermediate Water, characterized by its higher content of dissolved oxygen and lower temperature and salinity was present. Fifteen species of chaetognaths were identi"ed: Sagitta bierii, S. enyata, S. minima, S. pacixca, S. lyra, S. planctonis, S. marri, S. macrocephala, S. maxima, S. decipiens, S. tasmanica, S. gazellae, Krohnitta subtilis, Eukrohnia hamata and E. fowleri. The most abundant and frequent species were Sagitta enyata, S. bierii and Eukrohnia hamata. The greatest density of chaetognaths was con"ned to the 0}200 m water column and the species diversity gradually decreased from the epiplanktonic to the mesoplanktonic domain. The vertical distribution of the chaetognaths showed a strong association with the water masses present. The epipelagic species (0}200 m) S. enyata, S. bierii, S. minima and Krohnitta subtilis are associated mainly with Subantarctic Water and occasionally with Subtropical Water; the mesopelagic species (200}1000 m) S. lyra, S. planctonis, S. macrocephala, S. marri and E. fowleri are associated with Equatorial Subsurface Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water. There is another species assemblage of broad bathymetric distribution (0}900 m) consisting of E. hamata, S. decipiens and S. maxima, which 0967-0637/00/$ -see front matter 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 9 6 7 -0 6 3 7 ( 0 0 ) 0 0 0 2 0 -0 does not show a distinctive association with a given water mass. E. hamata is an indicator species of upwelling events o! the Chilean coast, showing an association with waters of low temperatures, greater salinity, and low contents of dissolved oxygen, which are characteristic of Equatorial Subsurface Water.
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Papers by Raul Ulloa