Papers by Abhinav Agrawal
Abhinav Agrawal, 2025
Magnetic monopoles, hypothetical particles with a single magnetic pole, have intrigued physicists... more Magnetic monopoles, hypothetical particles with a single magnetic pole, have intrigued physicists for decades. This paper explores their theoretical foundation, the challenges of detecting them, and their potential impact on physics and technology. By examining historical theories, experimental methods, and practical implications, I aim to highlight why monopoles could revolutionize our understanding of the universe.
Abhinav Agrawal, 2025
The Single Electron Hypothesis (SEH) proposes that all electrons in the universe are manifestatio... more The Single Electron Hypothesis (SEH) proposes that all electrons in the universe are manifestations of a single entity, a singular electron that propagates through time and space, interacting with various systems across the universe. While the hypothesis offers intriguing theoretical possibilities, its viability in explaining observed physical phenomena is highly debated. This paper provides a comprehensive review of SEH, critically examining its theoretical foundations, mathematical formulation, and implications for quantum mechanics and particle physics. Furthermore, we explore the experimental evidence and alternative models that challenge the assumptions of SEH.
International journal of contemporary medical research, Jul 1, 2018
Introduction: Urinary bladder explosion during Trans Urethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) is an ... more Introduction: Urinary bladder explosion during Trans Urethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) is an extremely rare complication. Bladder explosion heralds itself by a loud blast sound from within the patient which is equally alarming to the surgeon, anaesthetist as well as the patient. We herein present a case of vesical explosion in a bladder diverticulum in a 60-year-old gentleman undergoing TURP. We also review the literature regarding the mechanism of explosion and discuss possible preventive measures to prevent this unique complication. The consequences can range from a minor mucosal injury to full thickness multiple bladder lacerations.
International journal of contemporary medical research, Jul 1, 2018
Mullerianosis of urinary bladder is an enigmatic entity that resembles carcinoma of bladder in ma... more Mullerianosis of urinary bladder is an enigmatic entity that resembles carcinoma of bladder in many aspects. However, the management of this benign condition is entirely different. Case report: Herein we report a case of mullerianosis of urinary bladder with a brief review of literature to make the fellow urologist aware and more adept in dealing with this condition. An awareness of this rare entity is necessary for adequate treatment and to the spare the patient of the stigma of a malignant disease.
Case reports in emergency medicine, 2015
Aortic dissection is a life-threatening medical emergency often presenting with severe chest pain... more Aortic dissection is a life-threatening medical emergency often presenting with severe chest pain and acute hemodynamic compromise. The presentation of aortic dissection can sometimes be different thus leading to a challenge in prompt diagnosis and treatment as demonstrated by the following presentation and discussion. We present a case of a 71-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with complaints of left sided temporoparietal headache and was eventually diagnosed with a thoracic aortic dissection involving the ascending aorta and descending aorta, with an intramural hematoma in the descending aorta. This case illustrates the importance of keeping in mind aortic dissection as a differential diagnosis in patients with acute onset headaches in which any intracranial source of headache is not found.
Case Reports, Jun 2, 2015
Oscillococcinum is an alternative medicine prepared by serial dilution of wild duck heart and liv... more Oscillococcinum is an alternative medicine prepared by serial dilution of wild duck heart and liver extracts. This preparation has been labelled as a 'non drowsy, homoeopathic medicine' that 'reduces the duration and severity of flu and flu-like symptoms'. Clinical evidence exists to support this claim and the product has not previously been reported to cause any serious adverse drug reactions. We bring to light, however, a case of angioedema in our patient who was using oscillococcinum for flu-like symptoms. Consumers must therefore exercise caution at the outset of allergy symptoms.
Case Reports, May 2, 2015
Nitrofurantoin is commonly prescribed to treat urinary tract infections (UTI). Reported adverse e... more Nitrofurantoin is commonly prescribed to treat urinary tract infections (UTI). Reported adverse effects include gastrointestinal, pulmonary, hepatic and neurological disorders. We report a case of a 67-year-old woman treated for UTI with nitrofurantoin who presented with antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated renal and skin vasculitis 3 days after starting treatment. The symptoms resolved following withdrawal of the drug and treatment with steroids. This is the first reported case of nitrofurantoin causing ANCA-associated vasculitis.
Case Reports, Jan 5, 2016
Thyroiditis is characterised by transient hyperthyroidism, followed sometimes by hypothyroidism, ... more Thyroiditis is characterised by transient hyperthyroidism, followed sometimes by hypothyroidism, and then recovery. We report a case of painless drug-induced thyroiditis-in a patient with no history of any thyroid disorder-treated with Nivolumab (an IgG4 monoclonal antibody against Programmed Death Receptor 1). The purpose of this case report is to increase awareness among clinicians regarding this possible adverse effect from Nivolumab, and discuss the possible pathophysiology and management strategies in such patients.
Case Reports, Mar 14, 2016
Case Reports, Jun 10, 2016
Richter's transformation is a rare clinical condition occurring in about 5-10% of patients with c... more Richter's transformation is a rare clinical condition occurring in about 5-10% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Patients usually present with lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase levels. These patients have a very poor prognosis with a median survival of about 10 months. We present a patient, with a history of CLL in complete remission, who presented with splenic rupture requiring splenectomy. She was eventually diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with Richter's transformation.
Infectious Disease Reports, Feb 24, 2015
Mycoplasma is a virulent organism that is known to primarily infect the respiratory tract; howeve... more Mycoplasma is a virulent organism that is known to primarily infect the respiratory tract; however, affection of the skin, nervous system, kidneys, heart and bloodstream has been observed in various forms, which include Stevens Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, encephalitis, renal failure, conduction system abnormalities and hemolytic anemia. Small vessel vasculitis is a lesser-known complication of mycoplasma pneumonia infection. We report a case of mycoplasmal upper respiratory tract infection with striking cutaneous lesions as the presenting symptom. Mycoplasmal infection was confirmed by serology testing, skin biopsy was suggestive of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. This case brings forth an uncommon manifestation of mycoplasmal infection with extra-pulmonary affection, namely small vessel vasculitis.
Case reports in cardiology, 2015
Paravalvular aortic root abscess with intracardiac fistula formation is an exceedingly rare compl... more Paravalvular aortic root abscess with intracardiac fistula formation is an exceedingly rare complication of infective endocarditis. This condition is even more rarely encountered in patients with bioprosthetic valve endocarditis. We report an unusual case of a 68-year-old Bosnian female with a bioprosthetic aortic valve, who developed an extensive aortic root abscess, complicated by an aortico-left atrial intracardiac fistula. This case illustrates that a high index of suspicion, prompt diagnosis by echocardiography, proper antibiotic therapy, and early surgical intervention are crucial to improving treatment outcomes for this rare condition.
Intractable & Rare Diseases Research, 2017
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem genetic disorder that was first formally described in 1938 ... more Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem genetic disorder that was first formally described in 1938 by Dr. Dorothy Andersen (1). It arises from genetic defects in a single gene on chromosome 7, which encodes the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a chloride channel that is widely distributed in epithelial surfaces (2). Defects in CFTR function can lead to recurrent lung infections, sinus disease, pancreatic insufficiency, intestinal obstruction, male infertility and liver diseases in some individuals. Recurrent lung infections can lead to frequent pulmonary exacerbations often requiring inpatient care (3). Around 30,000 individuals with CF currently live in the United States and approximately 70,000 reside worldwide (4). Even though a cure for CF has yet to be developed, patients have benefited from a variety of treatments to improve their symptoms. Over the Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem autosomal recessive genetic disorder with significant advances in early diagnosis and treatment in the last decade. It is important to provide updated information regarding these changing demographics as they also reflect a considerable improvement in survival. We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample Database (NIS) in the United States for all patients in which CF was the primary discharge diagnosis (ICD-9: 277.0-277.09) from 2003 to 2013 to evaluate the rate of hospitalizations and determine the cost and mortality associated with CF along with other epidemiological findings. The statistical significance of the difference in the number of hospital discharges, lengths of stays and associated hospital costs over the study period was calculated. In 2003, there were 8,328 hospital discharges with the principal discharge diagnosis of CF in the United States, which increased to 12,590 discharges in 2013 (p < 0.001). The mean hospital charges increased by 57.
Intractable & Rare Diseases Research, 2016
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, parenchymal disease of the lung wi... more Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, parenchymal disease of the lung with an estimated prevalence of 14-43 per 100,000. Patient usually presents with coughing and exertional dyspnea, which can lead to acute respiratory failure. IPF has been associated with various co-morbidities such as lung cancer, emphysema, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), GERD and multiple cardiovascular consequences. The cardiovascular manifestations of IPF include pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias & cardiac manifestations of drugs used to treat IPF. This review will outline evidence of the association between IPF and cardiovascular conditions and attempt to provide insights into the underlying pathophysiology. We also discuss the impact of these cardiovascular diseases on patients with IPF including increased morbidity and mortality.
BMJ Case Reports, 2015
Plasma cell leucaemia (PCL) is a rare aggressive form of multiple myeloma. It occasionally involv... more Plasma cell leucaemia (PCL) is a rare aggressive form of multiple myeloma. It occasionally involves the pleura, causing malignant pleural effusion (MPE). MPE presents a management dilemma for physicians, given the different treatment options available with varying efficacy and side effects. We report a case of a 64-year-old man with MPE due to PCL, successfully managed with intrapleural cisplatin and a tunnelled pleural catheter. We believe this to be the first report of management of PCL-associated MPE with intrapleural cisplatin.
Annals of the American Thoracic Society
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2021
Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been especially hard for children and adolescent... more Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been especially hard for children and adolescent’s mental health due to their inherent vulnerabilities and added stress of lockdown, mobility restrictions, school closure, absence of peer interaction. This case report highlights the unmasking of obsessive compulsive symptoms due to the COVID-19 pandemic stress and the role of inherent vulnerabilities in a 11-year-old female. The management of the index case emphasised upon age appropriate strategies for intervention. Although, Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD) is not a stress disorder per se but the index case highlights the role of stress in manifestation of mental illness in vulnerable individuals favouring the biopsychosocial model for mental illness.
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Papers by Abhinav Agrawal