Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series, 2023
The article deals with the origin of the tribal name Coŋgōl or Tsongool, in other orthography. It... more The article deals with the origin of the tribal name Coŋgōl or Tsongool, in other orthography. It also known as Soŋgōl or Songool in Buryat pronunciation, where the Written Mongolian [č] developed into [s] through the step [ts] in position before a vowel other than [i]. We argue the connection of the word with the ethnic name Čuŋul ~ Čumul, attested in different spelling forms in Chinese, Old Turkic, Khotanese Saka and Persian texts, in connection with the history of Eastern Turkestan and Gan-su Province of China, at least from the of the 7th to the 11th centuries A. D., and also preserved now among the ethnonyms of the Sarïg-Yogur people as Čoŋïl ~ Čuŋïl. In the latter case, the fact of historical continuity cannot raise any doubts. According to the results of this research, it is possible to argue that the community arrived to territory of modern South Buryatia to become subjects of the Russian Tsar at the end of the 17th
century had already pronounced the name Tsongool (< WMong. Čongγol) in the variant *Tsoŋgol, taking into account the fact that the designation of a vowel in the second syllable as a long one is a later orthographic phenomenon in Buryat. In other words, they were attested the resulted phonetic development [č] > [ts] and consistent vowel labialization in
both syllables of the word, regardless of the peculiarity of the Tsongol dialect of Buryat language, where the development of WMong. [u] > [o] is observed. In this manner it can be interpreted the form of the tribal name known among the Barguzin Evenks čåŋgå̄lʹi̯r as reflected the first mentioned process. This point can also be confirmed by the data on
onomastics of the persons associated with the Tsongols, attested in the later 17th century, where it can be found the development *[č] > [ts] > [s]. It is discussed the problem of correlating two phonetic forms in connection with the chronology of the appearance of Tsongols in the territory of modern Buryatia. Despite the absence of any earlier information about the existence of a group with this name in the region, they are known the legends according to which the territory of origin of the Tsongols is localized in the valley of the Kuda River (in modern Irkutsk region), where a small group with the name Songool (Tsongool) was recorded back in the 19th century. Explaining the chronology of phonetic
changes in a historical context requires future research.
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of its original and secondary forms in different language environments.
Results. In the paper it was traced the phases of allocation of bearers of Borogon identity on the territory of Yakutia in the historical foreseeable period and, consequently, the spread of area of existence of the name Borogon in different levels of identity that reflected in its use in the naming of administrative territorial units of various taxonomic levels (ulus, nasleg, rod). It has been argued a hypothesis about the interpretation of the name in its original meaning in connection with the Written Mongolian word boruγa(n) ‘rain’, or, mostly, from the form *boroγan, *boraγan id. Conditions for the appearance of the ethnic name are discussed from a typological perspective, taking into account the lack of direct parallels among the tribal nomenclature of Mongolic and Turkic peoples.
Conclusions. A specific historical example presented by a community bearing the name Borogon demonstrates close contacts between the Turkic and Mongolic populations in the territory of Siberia, and specifically within the Lena-Aldan region. It is assumed that the name Borogon among the Yakut population goes back to a word from the Mongolic environment, probably in the original form *boroγan, *boraγan with the literal meaning ‘rain’. Such version does not encounter obstacles from the point of view of the phonetical laws. At the same time, it is impossible to claim whether for some reason this was the accepted name of a historical group with an awareness of such meaning of the word, or whether the name goes back to the personal name of some authority person reflected in folklore as an eponym. According to formal phonetic characteristics, the form reflected in the Yakut pronunciation demonstrates the characteristics of the languages of the Middle Mongolic period. An indirect historical data indicates the time before the beginning of the 17th century as an upper chronological milestone of the appearance of the name. The example considered in the article once again demonstrates the fact of the participation of the Mongol-speaking population in the ethnogenesis of the Sakha (Yakuts).
among the southern Kyrgyz. It is found in the scholarly literature in the different spellings: Adgene, Adigine, Adigne, Adigene, Adygine, Adygyne. The lack of a normalized orthography reflects a real problem of both understanding the etymology and correct pronunciation. The paper suggests treating this ethnonym as a loan word of Mongolic origin. The authors put it in connection with the stem, which is linked to the written Mongolian adayu(n) ‘herd of horses; horse’, + genitive suffix +a (< +az), referred to the Western Mongol languages area. The suggested connection of the etymology with the area of the origin of the ethnonym (ethnic communities of the Oirat or, perhaps, Western Buryat) is historically justified. The authors refer to the contacts between the Turkic-speaking communities in the Sayan-Altai, which were later incorporated into the Kyrgyz, and the Mongolic peoples. The suggested terminus ante quern non should be set no later than the end of the 16th century.
and ethnic identity of the Tabanguts among scholars. The problem is not analysed in this article due to the lack of source data. It was established in the oral tradition and, then, in research literature, a point of view that the name
Tabangut should to be compared with the Mongolic title tabunang ‘son-in-law of a khan’. We reject this hypothesis and
show that is a false etymology based on a popular reinterpretation of the word. The creation of this etymology by the bearers of the ethnonym and the legendary motif supporting it should have occurred at the end of the 17th century. Mention of various forms of the name of this community in written sources suggests that the correct and original form of its
name that justified linguistically is tabunuγud > tabunūd derived from the numeral tabun ‘five’ with the plural affix +nUGUd. This name tabun is known in Chinese sources describing Mongolian tribes in the 15th century. It was also
recorded the name tabïn of Mongolic in its origin in the registers of Turkic tribes in Central Asia in the late 16th century.
Various forms of this ethnonym can be found widespread among Turkic peoples, such as the Kazakhs (tabïn), Bashkirs
(tabïn), Khakassians (taban), Tuvans (tawu). As a result of a critical examination of this case in history, it can be argued
that it clearly shows the process of rethinking the ethnonym among the people who bore it. It also demonstrates that the
bearers of historical ethnonyms were often unaware of the true origin of the names of their own communities.
Abstract: The article presents the experience of analysis Russian-language documents of the 17th century to find materials on the history of the development of the phonetic sуstem of the Buryat language. Selected examples of proper names recorded by Russian-speaking scribes, associated with Buryat population and reliably identified in comparison with Mongolic lexical fund, allow one to detail the chronology of the development of phonetic phenomena and processes among the Buryat population and trace their local features. At this stage of the research, as a result of studying source material dating back to the first half of the 17th century, it is proposed to preliminarily identify two conditional territorial areas — without any connection to specific tribal groups or dialects described in the 20th century — separated from each other by the Angara River. The languages of the population of each of those areas demonstrate different phonetic features from the point of view of the stage-by-stage patterns of development of the Buryat language. The results allow, firstly, to talk about the beginning of the formation of the characteristics of the Buryat language, at least by the second quarter of the 17th century, and, secondly, to shift down the chronological framework of the period of formation of areal Buryat dialects.
century had already pronounced the name Tsongool (< WMong. Čongγol) in the variant *Tsoŋgol, taking into account the fact that the designation of a vowel in the second syllable as a long one is a later orthographic phenomenon in Buryat. In other words, they were attested the resulted phonetic development [č] > [ts] and consistent vowel labialization in
both syllables of the word, regardless of the peculiarity of the Tsongol dialect of Buryat language, where the development of WMong. [u] > [o] is observed. In this manner it can be interpreted the form of the tribal name known among the Barguzin Evenks čåŋgå̄lʹi̯r as reflected the first mentioned process. This point can also be confirmed by the data on
onomastics of the persons associated with the Tsongols, attested in the later 17th century, where it can be found the development *[č] > [ts] > [s]. It is discussed the problem of correlating two phonetic forms in connection with the chronology of the appearance of Tsongols in the territory of modern Buryatia. Despite the absence of any earlier information about the existence of a group with this name in the region, they are known the legends according to which the territory of origin of the Tsongols is localized in the valley of the Kuda River (in modern Irkutsk region), where a small group with the name Songool (Tsongool) was recorded back in the 19th century. Explaining the chronology of phonetic
changes in a historical context requires future research.
of its original and secondary forms in different language environments.
Results. In the paper it was traced the phases of allocation of bearers of Borogon identity on the territory of Yakutia in the historical foreseeable period and, consequently, the spread of area of existence of the name Borogon in different levels of identity that reflected in its use in the naming of administrative territorial units of various taxonomic levels (ulus, nasleg, rod). It has been argued a hypothesis about the interpretation of the name in its original meaning in connection with the Written Mongolian word boruγa(n) ‘rain’, or, mostly, from the form *boroγan, *boraγan id. Conditions for the appearance of the ethnic name are discussed from a typological perspective, taking into account the lack of direct parallels among the tribal nomenclature of Mongolic and Turkic peoples.
Conclusions. A specific historical example presented by a community bearing the name Borogon demonstrates close contacts between the Turkic and Mongolic populations in the territory of Siberia, and specifically within the Lena-Aldan region. It is assumed that the name Borogon among the Yakut population goes back to a word from the Mongolic environment, probably in the original form *boroγan, *boraγan with the literal meaning ‘rain’. Such version does not encounter obstacles from the point of view of the phonetical laws. At the same time, it is impossible to claim whether for some reason this was the accepted name of a historical group with an awareness of such meaning of the word, or whether the name goes back to the personal name of some authority person reflected in folklore as an eponym. According to formal phonetic characteristics, the form reflected in the Yakut pronunciation demonstrates the characteristics of the languages of the Middle Mongolic period. An indirect historical data indicates the time before the beginning of the 17th century as an upper chronological milestone of the appearance of the name. The example considered in the article once again demonstrates the fact of the participation of the Mongol-speaking population in the ethnogenesis of the Sakha (Yakuts).
among the southern Kyrgyz. It is found in the scholarly literature in the different spellings: Adgene, Adigine, Adigne, Adigene, Adygine, Adygyne. The lack of a normalized orthography reflects a real problem of both understanding the etymology and correct pronunciation. The paper suggests treating this ethnonym as a loan word of Mongolic origin. The authors put it in connection with the stem, which is linked to the written Mongolian adayu(n) ‘herd of horses; horse’, + genitive suffix +a (< +az), referred to the Western Mongol languages area. The suggested connection of the etymology with the area of the origin of the ethnonym (ethnic communities of the Oirat or, perhaps, Western Buryat) is historically justified. The authors refer to the contacts between the Turkic-speaking communities in the Sayan-Altai, which were later incorporated into the Kyrgyz, and the Mongolic peoples. The suggested terminus ante quern non should be set no later than the end of the 16th century.
and ethnic identity of the Tabanguts among scholars. The problem is not analysed in this article due to the lack of source data. It was established in the oral tradition and, then, in research literature, a point of view that the name
Tabangut should to be compared with the Mongolic title tabunang ‘son-in-law of a khan’. We reject this hypothesis and
show that is a false etymology based on a popular reinterpretation of the word. The creation of this etymology by the bearers of the ethnonym and the legendary motif supporting it should have occurred at the end of the 17th century. Mention of various forms of the name of this community in written sources suggests that the correct and original form of its
name that justified linguistically is tabunuγud > tabunūd derived from the numeral tabun ‘five’ with the plural affix +nUGUd. This name tabun is known in Chinese sources describing Mongolian tribes in the 15th century. It was also
recorded the name tabïn of Mongolic in its origin in the registers of Turkic tribes in Central Asia in the late 16th century.
Various forms of this ethnonym can be found widespread among Turkic peoples, such as the Kazakhs (tabïn), Bashkirs
(tabïn), Khakassians (taban), Tuvans (tawu). As a result of a critical examination of this case in history, it can be argued
that it clearly shows the process of rethinking the ethnonym among the people who bore it. It also demonstrates that the
bearers of historical ethnonyms were often unaware of the true origin of the names of their own communities.
Abstract: The article presents the experience of analysis Russian-language documents of the 17th century to find materials on the history of the development of the phonetic sуstem of the Buryat language. Selected examples of proper names recorded by Russian-speaking scribes, associated with Buryat population and reliably identified in comparison with Mongolic lexical fund, allow one to detail the chronology of the development of phonetic phenomena and processes among the Buryat population and trace their local features. At this stage of the research, as a result of studying source material dating back to the first half of the 17th century, it is proposed to preliminarily identify two conditional territorial areas — without any connection to specific tribal groups or dialects described in the 20th century — separated from each other by the Angara River. The languages of the population of each of those areas demonstrate different phonetic features from the point of view of the stage-by-stage patterns of development of the Buryat language. The results allow, firstly, to talk about the beginning of the formation of the characteristics of the Buryat language, at least by the second quarter of the 17th century, and, secondly, to shift down the chronological framework of the period of formation of areal Buryat dialects.
century had already pronounced the name Tsongool (< WMong. Čongγol) in the variant *Tsoŋgol, taking into account the fact that the designation of a vowel in the second syllable as a long one is a later orthographic phenomenon in Buryat. In other words, they were attested the resulted phonetic development [č] > [ts] and consistent vowel labialization in
both syllables of the word, regardless of the peculiarity of the Tsongol dialect of Buryat language, where the development of WMong. [u] > [o] is observed. In this manner it can be interpreted the form of the tribal name known among the Barguzin Evenks čåŋgå̄lʹi̯r as reflected the first mentioned process. This point can also be confirmed by the data on
onomastics of the persons associated with the Tsongols, attested in the later 17th century, where it can be found the development *[č] > [ts] > [s]. It is discussed the problem of correlating two phonetic forms in connection with the chronology of the appearance of Tsongols in the territory of modern Buryatia. Despite the absence of any earlier information about the existence of a group with this name in the region, they are known the legends according to which the territory of origin of the Tsongols is localized in the valley of the Kuda River (in modern Irkutsk region), where a small group with the name Songool (Tsongool) was recorded back in the 19th century. Explaining the chronology of phonetic
changes in a historical context requires future research.
Предназначена для этнологов, историков, археологов, лингви-стов-алтаистов, а также для широкого круга читателей, интере-сующихся вопросами исторической географии, этнической исто-рии, ономастики.
территорий, расселение и этнический состав бурят, бурятские населенные пункты конца XIX в., численность населения и другие сведения.
Для широкого круга читателей.
институционализации.
Предназначена для специалистов в области проблем миграций и диаспор, истории и современного развития монгольского мира, широкого круга читателей.
Издание предназначено для широкого круга читателей, интересующихся историей и этнографией бурятского этноса, историко-культурным наследием этнической Бурятии.
The monograph is intended for historians, political scientists, sociologists, medical doctors and all those interested in the history of medicine, history of Russian geopolitics in Asia and traditional medicine of the Mongolian peoples.
Сборник предназначен для специалистов в области проблем миграций и диаспор, истории и современного развития монгольского мира, широкому кругу читателей.
Предназначен для широкого круга читателей.
https://www.academia.edu/27582129/Верхоленские_буряты_в_XIX_веке_этнический_состав_и_расселение_Upper_Lena_Buryats_in_the_19th_Century_Ethnic_Composition_and_Settlement_
Административные образования бурят в Российской империи в XIX веке – Кудинская степная дума (расселение и этнический состав кудинских бурят) // Вестник Бурятского научного центра СО РАН, 2015, №1 - с.41-56
+ part of Buin (Buyan) territory of Kuda (Qudai) Steppe Duma