AL-Rafidain Journal of Computer Sciences and Mathematics, 2009
This paper investigates a novel algorithm for compressing and encrypting Arabic short text messag... more This paper investigates a novel algorithm for compressing and encrypting Arabic short text messages (SMS messages). Short text messages are used in cellular networks. Compression is required for saving the transmission energy or to use bandwidth in an efficient manner in addition to save the user money while the end-to-end effective encryption is required for security providence. This work succeeded to overcome small size limitation of the SMS message by changing Arabic characters coding from Unicode to Base64 coding scheme and developing a runt version of lossless Huffman coding scheme. Examples are shown where the application of the text compressor for short message services offering more than three times the capacity compared to a standard message.
User simulators are essential for training reinforcement learning (RL) based dialog models. The p... more User simulators are essential for training reinforcement learning (RL) based dialog models. The performance of the simulator directly impacts the RL policy. However, building a good user simulator that models real user behaviors is challenging. We propose a method of standardizing user simulator building that can be used by the community to compare dialog system quality using the same set of user simulators fairly. We present implementations of six user simulators trained with different dialog planning and generation methods. We then calculate a set of automatic metrics to evaluate the quality of these simulators both directly and indirectly. We also ask human users to assess the simulators directly and indirectly by rating the simulated dialogs and interacting with the trained systems. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation framework for user simulator study and provides a better understanding of the pros and cons of different user simulators, as well as their impacts on the trained systems. 1 * Equal contribution.
The US foreign policy towards the Iraqi Kurds, after the emergence of (ISIS) passed through two d... more The US foreign policy towards the Iraqi Kurds, after the emergence of (ISIS) passed through two different stages. The first one began with the fall of Mosul and the attack of the Islamic state (ISIS) on Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq (KGRI) we can call this stage the one prior to referendum that was held on September 25, 2017. When (ISIS) tried to enter Erbil the capital of (KGR-I), then US president Barak Obama announced that "Erbil is a red line for us" thereafter, it began to defend it by preventing the Islamic state from approaching Erbil and provided support to the (KGR) militarily and politically. The second phase of the US foreign policy towards the Kurds begins after the referendum in the Kurdistan; which we can call it the post-referendum stage. The relations were shifted from stage one completely, in which the US abandoned its support in particular the political one. Such abrupt shift in policy was a shock to Kurds as they did not expect this position from the US, given the sacrifices that Peshmerga made in fighting (ISIS). The Kurds attacked by The Popular Mobilisation Forces (al-hashd alshaebi) loyal to Iran, Iranian Revolutionary Guards and Iraqi army. The US did nothing, making the Kurds to feel disappointed and despondent with the US reaction. The study found out that: America is using the Kurdish issue in the Middle East as a card to make a balance of power. Therefore, we see that sometimes they support them and others abandon them.The disintegration of the Kurdish House was one of the main reasons that led America to abandon them in October 16, 2017.
AL-Rafidain Journal of Computer Sciences and Mathematics, 2009
One of the key issues of modern cryptography is the problem of establishing a secure end-to-end c... more One of the key issues of modern cryptography is the problem of establishing a secure end-to-end communication over an insecure communication channel. Short Message Service (SMS) is a hugely popular and easily adopted communications technology for mobile devices. Users conduct business, disclose passwords and receive sensitive notification reports from systems using this communication technology. SMSs by default are sent in clear text form within the serving GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) network, Over The Air (OTA), and potentially over the public Internet in a predictable format. This allows anyone accessing the GSM system to read, and or modify the SMS content even on the fly. In this paper, we present an approach mainly consists of two steps, first, SHA-1 authentication is used to generate a message digest that is combined with previous message digest and a shared secret key to form an initial key stream. Secondly, this key will be used as input to a mathematical equation derived in prefix notation from randomly selected set of operators and functions supported by the software platform extracted from special table. The final key stream is the output of this equation which is a one time pad to encrypt the original message text. Lastly, encrypted SMS message will be sent and a randomized operation will be then applied to that table. A one-time pad, considered to be the only perfectly secure cryptosystem, secures an SMS message for transport over any medium between a mobile device and the serving GSM network and through it too.
The experiment was carried out during winter season of 2018-2019 in a plastic house belongs to th... more The experiment was carried out during winter season of 2018-2019 in a plastic house belongs to the Maymunah Horticulture Station / Agriculture Directorate of Maysan to investigate the effect of three dates of Okra planting, soil mulching and calcium foliar spraying on leaves chemical components of Okra plant cultivar “ btayrh” under the conditions of the Amara city in the south of Iraq. The experiment included 24 treatments of possible combinations between three sowing dates (15/12, 31/12 and 15/1), two soil mulching treatments (without mulching, mulching the soil by black polyethylene) and four concentrations of calcium (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5) ml.l-1. A splitsplit plot design was used with three replicates. Treatment means were compared using least significant difference L.S.D. test at a probability of 0.05. Results may be summarized as follows: The cultivated plants at the third date showed significant increase in the total chlorophyll, total soluble carbohydrate, percentage of nitrog...
Kurds are one of the ethnic nationalities in the Middle East. Middle East is a principal location... more Kurds are one of the ethnic nationalities in the Middle East. Middle East is a principal location of majority of the Kurds' ethnic nationality and they form important minority group in both Syria and Turkey. The region has been their natural abode from the earliest time; and the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire after the First World War had a lasting impact on the political emancipation of the Kurds in the Middle East, notably in Turkey and Syria. With the collateral collapse of the empire under which the Kurds had been ruled for centuries, they were unnaturally conditioned to belong to different national entity in the Middle East. Such unwilling disintegration of Kurds into many states in the Middle East has been a crucial political and social issue in the region. The seemingly unending agitation for political emancipation has been a perennial political issue bothering both regional and global powers who have their interest to protect in the region. One of such major powers is the U.S. who has been making its presence felt in the region since the period of First World War. This article is an extension of boundary of knowledge on how the Kurds political agitation in the region has been inextricably interwoven with the national interest of the U.S. in both Turkey and Syria. In doing this, the researchers rely on the existing government records, online media reports and existing scholarly writings. In making use of these sources, latent content analysis is employed to mine the data.
The US foreign policy towards the Iraqi Kurds, after the emergence of (ISIS) passed through two d... more The US foreign policy towards the Iraqi Kurds, after the emergence of (ISIS) passed through two different stages. The first one began with the fall of Mosul and the attack of the Islamic state (ISIS) on Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq (KGRI) we can call this stage the one prior to referendum that was held on September 25, 2017. When (ISIS) tried to enter Erbil the capital of (KGR-I), then US president Barak Obama announced that "Erbil is a red line for us" thereafter, it began to defend it by preventing the Islamic state from approaching Erbil and provided support to the (KGR) militarily and politically. The second phase of the US foreign policy towards the Kurds begins after the referendum in the Kurdistan; which we can call it the post-referendum stage. The relations were shifted from stage one completely, in which the US abandoned its support in particular the political one. Such abrupt shift in policy was a shock to Kurds as they did not expect this position from the US, given the sacrifices that Peshmerga made in fighting (ISIS). The Kurds attacked by The Popular Mobilisation Forces (al-hashd alshaebi) loyal to Iran, Iranian Revolutionary Guards and Iraqi army. The US did nothing, making the Kurds to feel disappointed and despondent with the US reaction. The study found out that: America is using the Kurdish issue in the Middle East as a card to make a balance of power. Therefore, we see that sometimes they support them and others abandon them.The disintegration of the Kurdish House was one of the main reasons that led America to abandon them in October 16, 2017.
AL-Rafidain Journal of Computer Sciences and Mathematics, 2009
This paper investigates a novel algorithm for compressing and encrypting Arabic short text messag... more This paper investigates a novel algorithm for compressing and encrypting Arabic short text messages (SMS messages). Short text messages are used in cellular networks. Compression is required for saving the transmission energy or to use bandwidth in an efficient manner in addition to save the user money while the end-to-end effective encryption is required for security providence. This work succeeded to overcome small size limitation of the SMS message by changing Arabic characters coding from Unicode to Base64 coding scheme and developing a runt version of lossless Huffman coding scheme. Examples are shown where the application of the text compressor for short message services offering more than three times the capacity compared to a standard message.
User simulators are essential for training reinforcement learning (RL) based dialog models. The p... more User simulators are essential for training reinforcement learning (RL) based dialog models. The performance of the simulator directly impacts the RL policy. However, building a good user simulator that models real user behaviors is challenging. We propose a method of standardizing user simulator building that can be used by the community to compare dialog system quality using the same set of user simulators fairly. We present implementations of six user simulators trained with different dialog planning and generation methods. We then calculate a set of automatic metrics to evaluate the quality of these simulators both directly and indirectly. We also ask human users to assess the simulators directly and indirectly by rating the simulated dialogs and interacting with the trained systems. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation framework for user simulator study and provides a better understanding of the pros and cons of different user simulators, as well as their impacts on the trained systems. 1 * Equal contribution.
The US foreign policy towards the Iraqi Kurds, after the emergence of (ISIS) passed through two d... more The US foreign policy towards the Iraqi Kurds, after the emergence of (ISIS) passed through two different stages. The first one began with the fall of Mosul and the attack of the Islamic state (ISIS) on Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq (KGRI) we can call this stage the one prior to referendum that was held on September 25, 2017. When (ISIS) tried to enter Erbil the capital of (KGR-I), then US president Barak Obama announced that "Erbil is a red line for us" thereafter, it began to defend it by preventing the Islamic state from approaching Erbil and provided support to the (KGR) militarily and politically. The second phase of the US foreign policy towards the Kurds begins after the referendum in the Kurdistan; which we can call it the post-referendum stage. The relations were shifted from stage one completely, in which the US abandoned its support in particular the political one. Such abrupt shift in policy was a shock to Kurds as they did not expect this position from the US, given the sacrifices that Peshmerga made in fighting (ISIS). The Kurds attacked by The Popular Mobilisation Forces (al-hashd alshaebi) loyal to Iran, Iranian Revolutionary Guards and Iraqi army. The US did nothing, making the Kurds to feel disappointed and despondent with the US reaction. The study found out that: America is using the Kurdish issue in the Middle East as a card to make a balance of power. Therefore, we see that sometimes they support them and others abandon them.The disintegration of the Kurdish House was one of the main reasons that led America to abandon them in October 16, 2017.
AL-Rafidain Journal of Computer Sciences and Mathematics, 2009
One of the key issues of modern cryptography is the problem of establishing a secure end-to-end c... more One of the key issues of modern cryptography is the problem of establishing a secure end-to-end communication over an insecure communication channel. Short Message Service (SMS) is a hugely popular and easily adopted communications technology for mobile devices. Users conduct business, disclose passwords and receive sensitive notification reports from systems using this communication technology. SMSs by default are sent in clear text form within the serving GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) network, Over The Air (OTA), and potentially over the public Internet in a predictable format. This allows anyone accessing the GSM system to read, and or modify the SMS content even on the fly. In this paper, we present an approach mainly consists of two steps, first, SHA-1 authentication is used to generate a message digest that is combined with previous message digest and a shared secret key to form an initial key stream. Secondly, this key will be used as input to a mathematical equation derived in prefix notation from randomly selected set of operators and functions supported by the software platform extracted from special table. The final key stream is the output of this equation which is a one time pad to encrypt the original message text. Lastly, encrypted SMS message will be sent and a randomized operation will be then applied to that table. A one-time pad, considered to be the only perfectly secure cryptosystem, secures an SMS message for transport over any medium between a mobile device and the serving GSM network and through it too.
The experiment was carried out during winter season of 2018-2019 in a plastic house belongs to th... more The experiment was carried out during winter season of 2018-2019 in a plastic house belongs to the Maymunah Horticulture Station / Agriculture Directorate of Maysan to investigate the effect of three dates of Okra planting, soil mulching and calcium foliar spraying on leaves chemical components of Okra plant cultivar “ btayrh” under the conditions of the Amara city in the south of Iraq. The experiment included 24 treatments of possible combinations between three sowing dates (15/12, 31/12 and 15/1), two soil mulching treatments (without mulching, mulching the soil by black polyethylene) and four concentrations of calcium (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5) ml.l-1. A splitsplit plot design was used with three replicates. Treatment means were compared using least significant difference L.S.D. test at a probability of 0.05. Results may be summarized as follows: The cultivated plants at the third date showed significant increase in the total chlorophyll, total soluble carbohydrate, percentage of nitrog...
Kurds are one of the ethnic nationalities in the Middle East. Middle East is a principal location... more Kurds are one of the ethnic nationalities in the Middle East. Middle East is a principal location of majority of the Kurds' ethnic nationality and they form important minority group in both Syria and Turkey. The region has been their natural abode from the earliest time; and the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire after the First World War had a lasting impact on the political emancipation of the Kurds in the Middle East, notably in Turkey and Syria. With the collateral collapse of the empire under which the Kurds had been ruled for centuries, they were unnaturally conditioned to belong to different national entity in the Middle East. Such unwilling disintegration of Kurds into many states in the Middle East has been a crucial political and social issue in the region. The seemingly unending agitation for political emancipation has been a perennial political issue bothering both regional and global powers who have their interest to protect in the region. One of such major powers is the U.S. who has been making its presence felt in the region since the period of First World War. This article is an extension of boundary of knowledge on how the Kurds political agitation in the region has been inextricably interwoven with the national interest of the U.S. in both Turkey and Syria. In doing this, the researchers rely on the existing government records, online media reports and existing scholarly writings. In making use of these sources, latent content analysis is employed to mine the data.
The US foreign policy towards the Iraqi Kurds, after the emergence of (ISIS) passed through two d... more The US foreign policy towards the Iraqi Kurds, after the emergence of (ISIS) passed through two different stages. The first one began with the fall of Mosul and the attack of the Islamic state (ISIS) on Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq (KGRI) we can call this stage the one prior to referendum that was held on September 25, 2017. When (ISIS) tried to enter Erbil the capital of (KGR-I), then US president Barak Obama announced that "Erbil is a red line for us" thereafter, it began to defend it by preventing the Islamic state from approaching Erbil and provided support to the (KGR) militarily and politically. The second phase of the US foreign policy towards the Kurds begins after the referendum in the Kurdistan; which we can call it the post-referendum stage. The relations were shifted from stage one completely, in which the US abandoned its support in particular the political one. Such abrupt shift in policy was a shock to Kurds as they did not expect this position from the US, given the sacrifices that Peshmerga made in fighting (ISIS). The Kurds attacked by The Popular Mobilisation Forces (al-hashd alshaebi) loyal to Iran, Iranian Revolutionary Guards and Iraqi army. The US did nothing, making the Kurds to feel disappointed and despondent with the US reaction. The study found out that: America is using the Kurdish issue in the Middle East as a card to make a balance of power. Therefore, we see that sometimes they support them and others abandon them.The disintegration of the Kurdish House was one of the main reasons that led America to abandon them in October 16, 2017.
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Papers by Mahdi Stoni