Papers by Mahendra Pal Sharma
Chemischer Informationsdienst, Apr 3, 1984
Indiscriminate use of fossil fuels coupled with serious gaseous emissions has led to the search f... more Indiscriminate use of fossil fuels coupled with serious gaseous emissions has led to the search for alternative to diesel fuel in recent years. Among oil resources, cotton seed & Pongamia oil were choosen to investigate the kinetics of transesterifi cation for conversion to biodiesel (methyl/ethyl ester). The paper reviews the transesterification, effect of various parameters, oils and biodiesel properties with emphasis on the kinetics of reactions as well as techno-econom ic evaluation of biodiesel production. The kinetic data indicate that the reaction of conversion from Triglycerides (TG) to Diglycerides (DG) is fastest, slower from Diglycerides to Monoglyceride s (MG) & slowest from MG to methyl ester and glycerine. It is evidenced by the kinetic data that at 70°C & 6:1 molar ratio, the value of K 1 to K 3 increases while K 4 -K 6 decreases in the case of cotton seed oil while value of K 1 -K 6 decreases in the case of Pongamia oil giving only 56% and 69% yield of ME respectivel...
Wetlands are under increasing stress due to urbanization and other anthropogenic activities, lead... more Wetlands are under increasing stress due to urbanization and other anthropogenic activities, leading to their over exploitation and degradation. Deeporbeel wetland a permanent fresh water lake in a channel of the river brahmaputra of assam state in India has great biological and environmental importance and is the only ramsar site in the state. One of the major threats faced by the wetland is deterioration of its water quality. This paper presents the results of physico-chemical parameters measured during the post monsoon (2005) and pre-monsoon seasons (2006) and the computation of National Sanitation Foundation - Water quality Index (NSF-WQI) at fixed locations and comparison with base year (1989) data available only for 3 locations. Besides, point and non-point pollution sources, erosion, silt deposition and gully erosion have been identified as the major sources of deterioration of water quality. The results indicated that the wetland has reached medium water quality over the years from good quality in the year 1989. The conservation measures in respect of point and non-point sources as well as remedial measures for silt deposition and gully erosion are suggested.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jun 30, 1982
thiouracil (3.9 P moles) and the biological eft'ect Chemical lnvestiaatlon of Wrigbtlll was almos... more thiouracil (3.9 P moles) and the biological eft'ect Chemical lnvestiaatlon of Wrigbtlll was almost the same at both the doses. Table 1 summarizes the results of screening observations. mollissima •
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 1981
Journal of liquid chromatography, May 1, 1985
Some closely related 1-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-3-methyl-5-phenyl pyrazole derivatives have been separa... more Some closely related 1-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-3-methyl-5-phenyl pyrazole derivatives have been separated by TLC on silica gel-G[ddot] Most suitable solvent systems tried are (A) Pet. ether (40[ddot]-60[ddot])- Benzene (1:3) and (B) cyclohexane: ethylacetate (50:3).
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
The impacts of climate change on water quality of water bodies are associated with the climatic e... more The impacts of climate change on water quality of water bodies are associated with the climatic extreme events (heavy rainfall and flood, heat, drought, wildfires, cyclones, hurricane, super storms) as the major drivers that require knowledge of understanding. Most research studies present the role of climate change in threatening water quality, risks on drinking water and contributions of catchment in water pollution, but less attention has directed to specific sensitive water quality parameters, appropriate methodologies, risks on ecosystem and managerial practice to reduce the impacts. This review highlight the of effect climate change on surface water bodies based on recent literatures on the impacts of climate change on water quality and promote practical opportunity for better management of these impacts. We conclude that consideration of climate change preparedness plan in catchments is the best option to adopt for minimization of climate change impacts on water quality of wa...
Energy, 2016
Renewable energy, a viable alternative of the world, can overcome the energy crisis that hinders ... more Renewable energy, a viable alternative of the world, can overcome the energy crisis that hinders growth of today's economies. The present work includes sizing of hybrid energy system using various energy management strategies. The energy management strategies considered in the present work are cycle charging strategy, load following strategy and peak shaving strategy. The sizing of hybrid energy system for all the mentioned strategies are carried out using genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and biogeography based optimization techniques by keeping energy index ratio at 1. The model also incorporates net present cost, cost of energy, renewable fraction and emissions of carbon di-oxide from diesel generator. From the analysis, it can be concluded that the 10th combination of cycle charging strategy is most cost effective as compared to other dispatch strategies. Seven unelectrified villages of Dhauladevi block of Almora district in Uttarakhand, India, has been selected for the development of hybrid energy system, comprising of renewable energy resources available locally along with the addition of diesel generator, for meeting the energy deficit. The results show that cycle charging strategy is most cost effective compared to load following and peak shaving strategies, with a minimum cost of energy value of 5.64 ₹/kWh.
Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment, 2014
To meet the ever increasing demand of drinking water, a number of shallow tube wells are u... more To meet the ever increasing demand of drinking water, a number of shallow tube wells are used to draw the water from upper aquifers of Swan river. In most parts of the river catchment, the current ground water extraction is exceeding the recharge rate causing the rapid depletion of shallow ground water, resulting in serious environmental hazards like land subsidence during the dry season flow and very low dilution levels in the surface water. The water becomes polluted due to domestic and industrial waste water discharges. The present paper aims to study a water quality map of Swan River based on the computations of the National Sanitation Foundation Index (NSFWQI) and the Overall Index of Pollution (OIP) using water quality data from July to December 2012. A GIS tool has been used to prepare a water quality map of the study stretch (as a function of distance) along upstream and downstream from the pollution sources. The water quality map can help planners and ...
Renewable Energy, 2011
In recent years the decentralized rural electrification is becoming cost effective and convenient... more In recent years the decentralized rural electrification is becoming cost effective and convenient for areas where grid extension is very difficult. The present paper deals with the electrification of dense forest areas of Uttarakhand state in India by Integrated Renewable Energy Optimization Model (IREOM). The IREOM consists of locally available renewable energy resources such as Micro-Hydropower (MHP), biomass, biogas, wind
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Journal of Thermal Analysis, 1991
A new molybdenum(VI) complex Csz(NH4)2[Mo308(C204)3] (CAMO) has been prepared and characterized b... more A new molybdenum(VI) complex Csz(NH4)2[Mo308(C204)3] (CAMO) has been prepared and characterized by chemical analysis and IR spectral studies. Thermal decomposition studies have been made using TG, DTA and DTG techniques. The compound is anhydrous and stable up to 160~ Thereafter it decomposes in three stages. The first and the second stages occur in the temperature ranges 160-220~ and 220-280~ to give the intermediate compounds having the tentative compositions Cs4(NH4)2[Mo6016(C204)3(CO3)2] and Cs4[Mo6016(C204)2(CO3)2] respectively, the later then decomposing to give the end product Cs2Mo3Olo at 370~ The end product was characterized by chemical analysis, IR spectral and X-ray studies.
The presence of fluoride in excess of permissible limit in drinking water has been resulting into... more The presence of fluoride in excess of permissible limit in drinking water has been resulting into serious health problems in several countries. Studies have shown that the rift valley regions in Tanzania are the most affected areas, where only 18.4% of 190 water sources showed fluoride values <1.5 mg/L as per acceptable limit by WHO, 56.8% as per Tanzanian standards and 43.2% has extreme fluoride concentrations. In such case, the excess fluoride removal to make the water potable is the only remedy. Various defluoridation methods varying in terms of cost of treatment, materials, efficiency and technology are available. This paper discusses de-fluoridation technique using RGAC and CAC as the most suitable technique for rural communities in Tanzania. This method is not only economical but also simple to perform. The optimum fluoride removal conditions are 6 mL/min flow rate and 6 cm thickness of bed with 71.9% efficiency.
Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 2018
Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2017
The emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) from soils are of significant importance for global warming... more The emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) from soils are of significant importance for global warming. The biological and physico-chemical characteristics of soil affect the GHG emissions from soils of different land use types. Methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) production rates from six forest and agricultural soil types in the Koteshwar hydropower reservoir catchments located in the Uttarakhand, India, were estimated and their relations with physico-chemical characteristics of soils were examined. The samples of different land use types were flooded and incubated under anaerobic condition at 30 °C for 60 days. The cumulative GHG production rates in reservoir catchment are found as 1.52 ± 0.26, 0.13 ± 0.02, and 0.0004 ± 0.0001 μg g soil(-1) day(-1) for CO2, CH4, and N2O, respectively, which is lower than global reservoirs located in the same eco-region. The significant positive correlation between CO2 productions and labile organic carbon (LOC), CH4 and C/N ra...
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2017
While determining the quality of water for any water body, low, medium and high values of a param... more While determining the quality of water for any water body, low, medium and high values of a parameter stand out to be a very important reference. Moreover, these values are used to decide various design parameters based on scientific aspects and its real applications around the world. In this research, determination of trend of water quality (WQ) status for Bhagirathi River was carried out at two sites, Uttarkashi and Tehri station (Tehri Zero point), for 18 WQ parameters and discharges. Preliminary analysis reveals that all parameter concentrations are below the standard permissible limit. No significant correlation was observed between any parameter with respect to discharge; however, out of 18 parameters, 14 were showing negative correlation indicating groundwater source and geological origin. Moreover, a strong correlation was found between 11 parameters at both sites. Seasonal Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope method have been used to detect trend and to quantify its magnitude. Increasing trend in the concentration of 7 WQ parameters (Q, EC, K + , Na + , SO 4 2-, BOD and Na%) was observed while decreasing trend was observed for 8 parameters (TA, Ca 2+ , HCO 3-, Mg 2+ , NO 2 + NO 3 , o-PO 4 3-, DO and TH). Overall, WQ of Bhagirathi River was found to be good and hence is suitable for drinking and life-supporting activities.
The economy of any country runs on energy. Due to depleting resources and the accumulation of gre... more The economy of any country runs on energy. Due to depleting resources and the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the environment restrict the use of fossil fuels. Biodiesel is required for environmental and economic sustainability of any country. Biodiesel produced from Ist generation, second generation, waste cooking oil and animal fats are not able to replace petroleum based fuel. Biodiesel from microalgae appears to be a viable alternative to replace petroleum based fuel due to various advantages. This present paper investigate the prospectus of microalgal biodiesel in India. Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-...
Significant environmental and social problems are associated with rapidly increasing quantity of ... more Significant environmental and social problems are associated with rapidly increasing quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) in recent times. Of various MSW management techniques, landfilling is found as the cheapest to manage about 80% of the MSW all over the world. The present paper is concerned with the estimation of GHG emission potential using software LandGEM, version 3.02, from three landfill sites of Delhi namely: Ghazipur (GL), Bhalswa (BL) and Okhla landfills (OL) sites. The results obtained by different researchers using different methodologies viz. [8]. Default, Modified Triangular, First Order Decay (FOD) and In-situ Closed Chamber (ICM) Method are compared with the results of this study and found to be better match with FOD while nearly matching with ICM. The dynamic cost analysis has revealed that GL, BL and OL sites have an economically feasible potential of 3, 2 and 1.5 MW of electricity without subsidy and CDM. The work concludes that LandGEM, version 3.02, is relatively better model for estimation of GHG emission potential of landfills and its use is recommended to assess the energy recovery potential from landfills having capacity more than 2.5 MMT wastes.
In the context of Chambal River, the water quality has generally been categorized as pristine wat... more In the context of Chambal River, the water quality has generally been categorized as pristine water but due to certain unchecked anthropogenic activities, water quality is gradually on a declining trend. The riparian zones represent areas of robust physico-chemical interaction between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The present paper focuses on the plant diversity indices which will assess the pollution status of Chambal River, Madhya Pradesh (M.P), by way of analyzing the riparian vegetation in winter and summer season, 2014. The average Simpson’s diversity index (SDI) and Shannon-Weiner diversity index (SWDI) was found as 0.23-0.28 & 2.22- 2.30 respectively indicating moderate health of the stretch of Chambal River. Similarly, the average richness indices i.e. Margalef’s richness index (MARI) and Menhinik richness index (MERI) were found to be 0.49-0.52 & 0.085-0.11 respectively which also gives an indication of the moderate health of the river. The result also shows that dive...
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Papers by Mahendra Pal Sharma