Crude oil is one actively traded commodity globally. Its demand has been growing steadily over th... more Crude oil is one actively traded commodity globally. Its demand has been growing steadily over the decades, from 60 million barrels per day to 84 million barrels per day (Hasan et al , 2010). In Nigeria, crude oil production has grown from a little above 1000 barrels per day in 1970 to over 3000 barrels per day in 2010 (Fig. 1.1). The world production was conservatively 73 million barrels per day in the year 2005 and within the range of 72 and 75 million barrel per day between 2005 and 2010. Fig. 1.1. Nigerian crude oil production.
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly, 2006
The rate of breakdown of fermentable sugar and the formation/decomposition of butan-2,3-dione (di... more The rate of breakdown of fermentable sugar and the formation/decomposition of butan-2,3-dione (diacetyl) in wort made with unmalted sorghum, malted sorghum, malted barley and sorghum/barley malt adjunct during fermentation was studied as a function of temperature. The rate of fermentation of sugar, formation and decomposition of butan-2,3-dione increases with increasing temperature and is dependent on the nature of the substrate. The decomposition of butan-2,3-dione is faster in wort made with malted sorghum and barley when compared to wort made with unmalted sorghum or sorghum/barley malt adjunct.
This study evaluates the occurrence of cashew plant, extraction processes and composition of cash... more This study evaluates the occurrence of cashew plant, extraction processes and composition of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), modification and conversion processes, as well as environmental impact and controls of the liquid as petrochemical feedstock. The goal of this study is to bring the alternative usage of CNSL to the limelight and to mitigate the serious problems posed by the depleting petroleum reserves. Cashew nut shell (CNS) was obtained fresh from the wild, pulverized and then extracted by pyrolysis and solvent extraction methods using n-hexane. The liquid obtained was characterized. Experimental results corroborated the fact that CNSL contains mainly phenolic compounds such as cardanol, cardol, anacardic acid and 6methyl cardol. CNSL obtained by pyrolysis has a higher density with less moisture content, while solvent-extracted CNSL had higher contents of cardol and anacardic acid. CNSL offers innumerable applications due to the phenolic nature of its constituents, with ensh...
Inventory of spent engine oil continuously increase and indiscriminately disposed of at auto-mech... more Inventory of spent engine oil continuously increase and indiscriminately disposed of at auto-mechanics garages. Adsorptive separation established to be indispensable in recovery of these hydrocarbons was carried out using Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) fruit shell – a renewable resource. In this study, clay pretreated spent engine oil was recovered in a fixed bed adsorption processes and the recovered adsorbate components determined by GC-MS analysis. The results showed African star apple fruit shell adsorbent effective in recovering n-hexane solubilized spent lubricating oil. The study concluded that using the developed African star apple fruit shell adsorbent, an agricultural waste adsorbent in the recovery of waste lubricating oil will enhance greatly the nation’s economy.
Alteration of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions, most especially, temperature, during producti... more Alteration of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions, most especially, temperature, during production and transportation of crude oil could cause destabilization, precipitation, and deposition of wax. This could affect the flow properties of the crude oil including the viscosity, pour point, and may eventually cause total blockage of the flow lines. In this investigation, synthetic waxy crude oil (containing different concentrations of dissolved paraffin wax (5 – 20% wt./wt.) was doped with selected plant seed oils, namely, Castor oil, Moringa oil and Coconut oil (0 – 1.5% v/v). The efficiency of each of the additives to improve the flow properties was compared with those of commercial flow improver, Triethanolamine (TEA). In addition, similar process was modelled and simulated using HYSYS process simulator. It was found that Moringa and Castro oils show good results to improve the pour point. On the other hand, the Coconut oil was observed to have negative effect by increasing the po...
International Journal of Engineering and Technologies
Oil sludge waste associated with crude oil production generally consists of oil, sands and untrea... more Oil sludge waste associated with crude oil production generally consists of oil, sands and untreatable emulsions segregated from the production stream, and sediment accumulated on the bottom of crude oil and water storage tanks. The use of single solvent and combination (solvent blend) was evaluated for extraction of hydrocarbon content (oil) of the Tank Bottom Sludge (TBS) associated with the crude oil production with a view to optimizing hydrocarbon recovery from the sludge. TBS samples were contacted with selected solvents blends of varying volumetric ratios, each at a time. The blend generated from xylene, hexane, cyclohexane and petroleum ether representing aliphatic and aromatic interactive combination with varying polarity. Their effects on the oil recovery from tank bottom sludge were determined, with solubility parameter as a factor. The optimum oil recovery by blend A, B and C at room temperature of 29°C, from sample 1 are respectively 54.48% (3:2), 60.33% (2:3) and 61.10%...
This study evaluates the occurrence of cashew plant, extraction processes and composition of cash... more This study evaluates the occurrence of cashew plant, extraction processes and composition of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), modification and conversion processes, as well as environmental impact and controls of the liquid as petrochemical feedstock. The goal of this study is to bring the alternative usage of CNSL to the limelight and to mitigate the serious problems posed by the depleting petroleum reserves. Cashew nut shell (CNS) was obtained fresh from the wild, pulverized and then extracted by pyrolysis and solvent extraction methods using n-hexane. The liquid obtained was characterized. Experimental results corroborated the fact that CNSL contains mainly phenolic compounds such as cardanol, cardol, anacardic acid and 6methyl cardol. CNSL obtained by pyrolysis has a higher density with less moisture content, while solvent-extracted CNSL had higher contents of cardol and anacardic acid. CNSL offers innumerable applications due to the phenolic nature of its constituents, with enshrined features for transformation into high-value specialty chemicals. Varied CNSL composition with varying extraction processes are a vantage opportunity with multiple application potentials as a valuable petrochemical feedstock.
A ternary system of methanol-ethanol-water was distilled in a packed distillation column having a... more A ternary system of methanol-ethanol-water was distilled in a packed distillation column having an internal diameter of 0.10 m. The data obtained indicated that an increase in the intermediate component concentration in the feed mixture reduces the component efficiency of the most volatile component. The data also indicated that the influence of intermolecular interaction on the separation efficiency of the component in the mixture is significant. The results compare favorably with few reliable data in the literature. .
Tracer density effect on dynamic liquid hold-up in packed distillation column was investigated, w... more Tracer density effect on dynamic liquid hold-up in packed distillation column was investigated, with the view to explore the process hydrodynamics in design of reactive distillation in packed columns.
... when the mean liquid film velocity at the conditions of loading is zero, eq 6 will represent ... more ... when the mean liquid film velocity at the conditions of loading is zero, eq 6 will represent this condition as Then, using eqs 10 and 12 in eq 15, the vapor velocity at load point can ... The experimental apparatus used in this work was fully described by Fasesan and Taiwo (2001). ...
The rate of breakdown of fermentable sugar and the formation/decomposition of butan-2,3-dione (di... more The rate of breakdown of fermentable sugar and the formation/decomposition of butan-2,3-dione (diacetyl) in wort made with unmalted sorghum, malted sorghum, malted barley and sorghum/barley malt adjunct during fermentation was studied as a function of temperature. The rate of fermentation of sugar, formation and decomposition of butan-2,3-dione increases with increasing temperature and is dependent on the nature of the substrate. The decomposition of butan-2,3-dione is faster in wort made with malted sorghum and barley when compared to wort made with unmalted sorghum or sorghum/barley malt adjunct. S c h e m e 1 -Diacetyl formation scheme S c h e m e 2 -Enzymatic reduction of diacetyl
... and Elijah Taiwo, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. Copyrig... more ... and Elijah Taiwo, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. Copyright 2009, Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc. This paper was prepared for presentation at the 33rd Annual SPE International Technical Conference and Exhibition in Abuja, Nigeria ...
Crude oil is one actively traded commodity globally. Its demand has been growing steadily over th... more Crude oil is one actively traded commodity globally. Its demand has been growing steadily over the decades, from 60 million barrels per day to 84 million barrels per day (Hasan et al , 2010). In Nigeria, crude oil production has grown from a little above 1000 barrels per day in 1970 to over 3000 barrels per day in 2010 (Fig. 1.1). The world production was conservatively 73 million barrels per day in the year 2005 and within the range of 72 and 75 million barrel per day between 2005 and 2010. Fig. 1.1. Nigerian crude oil production.
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly, 2006
The rate of breakdown of fermentable sugar and the formation/decomposition of butan-2,3-dione (di... more The rate of breakdown of fermentable sugar and the formation/decomposition of butan-2,3-dione (diacetyl) in wort made with unmalted sorghum, malted sorghum, malted barley and sorghum/barley malt adjunct during fermentation was studied as a function of temperature. The rate of fermentation of sugar, formation and decomposition of butan-2,3-dione increases with increasing temperature and is dependent on the nature of the substrate. The decomposition of butan-2,3-dione is faster in wort made with malted sorghum and barley when compared to wort made with unmalted sorghum or sorghum/barley malt adjunct.
This study evaluates the occurrence of cashew plant, extraction processes and composition of cash... more This study evaluates the occurrence of cashew plant, extraction processes and composition of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), modification and conversion processes, as well as environmental impact and controls of the liquid as petrochemical feedstock. The goal of this study is to bring the alternative usage of CNSL to the limelight and to mitigate the serious problems posed by the depleting petroleum reserves. Cashew nut shell (CNS) was obtained fresh from the wild, pulverized and then extracted by pyrolysis and solvent extraction methods using n-hexane. The liquid obtained was characterized. Experimental results corroborated the fact that CNSL contains mainly phenolic compounds such as cardanol, cardol, anacardic acid and 6methyl cardol. CNSL obtained by pyrolysis has a higher density with less moisture content, while solvent-extracted CNSL had higher contents of cardol and anacardic acid. CNSL offers innumerable applications due to the phenolic nature of its constituents, with ensh...
Inventory of spent engine oil continuously increase and indiscriminately disposed of at auto-mech... more Inventory of spent engine oil continuously increase and indiscriminately disposed of at auto-mechanics garages. Adsorptive separation established to be indispensable in recovery of these hydrocarbons was carried out using Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) fruit shell – a renewable resource. In this study, clay pretreated spent engine oil was recovered in a fixed bed adsorption processes and the recovered adsorbate components determined by GC-MS analysis. The results showed African star apple fruit shell adsorbent effective in recovering n-hexane solubilized spent lubricating oil. The study concluded that using the developed African star apple fruit shell adsorbent, an agricultural waste adsorbent in the recovery of waste lubricating oil will enhance greatly the nation’s economy.
Alteration of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions, most especially, temperature, during producti... more Alteration of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions, most especially, temperature, during production and transportation of crude oil could cause destabilization, precipitation, and deposition of wax. This could affect the flow properties of the crude oil including the viscosity, pour point, and may eventually cause total blockage of the flow lines. In this investigation, synthetic waxy crude oil (containing different concentrations of dissolved paraffin wax (5 – 20% wt./wt.) was doped with selected plant seed oils, namely, Castor oil, Moringa oil and Coconut oil (0 – 1.5% v/v). The efficiency of each of the additives to improve the flow properties was compared with those of commercial flow improver, Triethanolamine (TEA). In addition, similar process was modelled and simulated using HYSYS process simulator. It was found that Moringa and Castro oils show good results to improve the pour point. On the other hand, the Coconut oil was observed to have negative effect by increasing the po...
International Journal of Engineering and Technologies
Oil sludge waste associated with crude oil production generally consists of oil, sands and untrea... more Oil sludge waste associated with crude oil production generally consists of oil, sands and untreatable emulsions segregated from the production stream, and sediment accumulated on the bottom of crude oil and water storage tanks. The use of single solvent and combination (solvent blend) was evaluated for extraction of hydrocarbon content (oil) of the Tank Bottom Sludge (TBS) associated with the crude oil production with a view to optimizing hydrocarbon recovery from the sludge. TBS samples were contacted with selected solvents blends of varying volumetric ratios, each at a time. The blend generated from xylene, hexane, cyclohexane and petroleum ether representing aliphatic and aromatic interactive combination with varying polarity. Their effects on the oil recovery from tank bottom sludge were determined, with solubility parameter as a factor. The optimum oil recovery by blend A, B and C at room temperature of 29°C, from sample 1 are respectively 54.48% (3:2), 60.33% (2:3) and 61.10%...
This study evaluates the occurrence of cashew plant, extraction processes and composition of cash... more This study evaluates the occurrence of cashew plant, extraction processes and composition of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), modification and conversion processes, as well as environmental impact and controls of the liquid as petrochemical feedstock. The goal of this study is to bring the alternative usage of CNSL to the limelight and to mitigate the serious problems posed by the depleting petroleum reserves. Cashew nut shell (CNS) was obtained fresh from the wild, pulverized and then extracted by pyrolysis and solvent extraction methods using n-hexane. The liquid obtained was characterized. Experimental results corroborated the fact that CNSL contains mainly phenolic compounds such as cardanol, cardol, anacardic acid and 6methyl cardol. CNSL obtained by pyrolysis has a higher density with less moisture content, while solvent-extracted CNSL had higher contents of cardol and anacardic acid. CNSL offers innumerable applications due to the phenolic nature of its constituents, with enshrined features for transformation into high-value specialty chemicals. Varied CNSL composition with varying extraction processes are a vantage opportunity with multiple application potentials as a valuable petrochemical feedstock.
A ternary system of methanol-ethanol-water was distilled in a packed distillation column having a... more A ternary system of methanol-ethanol-water was distilled in a packed distillation column having an internal diameter of 0.10 m. The data obtained indicated that an increase in the intermediate component concentration in the feed mixture reduces the component efficiency of the most volatile component. The data also indicated that the influence of intermolecular interaction on the separation efficiency of the component in the mixture is significant. The results compare favorably with few reliable data in the literature. .
Tracer density effect on dynamic liquid hold-up in packed distillation column was investigated, w... more Tracer density effect on dynamic liquid hold-up in packed distillation column was investigated, with the view to explore the process hydrodynamics in design of reactive distillation in packed columns.
... when the mean liquid film velocity at the conditions of loading is zero, eq 6 will represent ... more ... when the mean liquid film velocity at the conditions of loading is zero, eq 6 will represent this condition as Then, using eqs 10 and 12 in eq 15, the vapor velocity at load point can ... The experimental apparatus used in this work was fully described by Fasesan and Taiwo (2001). ...
The rate of breakdown of fermentable sugar and the formation/decomposition of butan-2,3-dione (di... more The rate of breakdown of fermentable sugar and the formation/decomposition of butan-2,3-dione (diacetyl) in wort made with unmalted sorghum, malted sorghum, malted barley and sorghum/barley malt adjunct during fermentation was studied as a function of temperature. The rate of fermentation of sugar, formation and decomposition of butan-2,3-dione increases with increasing temperature and is dependent on the nature of the substrate. The decomposition of butan-2,3-dione is faster in wort made with malted sorghum and barley when compared to wort made with unmalted sorghum or sorghum/barley malt adjunct. S c h e m e 1 -Diacetyl formation scheme S c h e m e 2 -Enzymatic reduction of diacetyl
... and Elijah Taiwo, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. Copyrig... more ... and Elijah Taiwo, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. Copyright 2009, Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc. This paper was prepared for presentation at the 33rd Annual SPE International Technical Conference and Exhibition in Abuja, Nigeria ...
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