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T. Muhammad

International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Population Policies & Programmes, Doctoral candidate

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Reading for Ph.D. at the Department of Population Policies & Programs, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai. Research interests include population ageing and mental health.

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Kirti 520 CHAUHAN

Isha Karmacharya

Pokhara University

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Papers by T. Muhammad

The burden of disease-specific multimorbidity among older adults in India and its states: evidence from LASI

BMC Geriatrics

Background Around the world, advances in public health and changes in clinical interventions have... more Background Around the world, advances in public health and changes in clinical interventions have resulted in increased life expectancy. Multimorbidity is becoming more of an issue, particularly in countries where the population is rapidly ageing. We aimed to determine the prevalence of multimorbidity and disease-specific multimorbidity and examine its association with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics among older adults in India and its states. Methods The individual data from the longitudinal ageing study in India (LASI) were used for this study, with 11 common chronic conditions among older adults aged 60 and above years (N = 31,464). Descriptive statistics were used to report the overall prevalence of multimorbidity and disease-specific burden of multimorbidity. Multinomial logistic regression has been used to explore the factors associated with multimorbidity. Results Prevalence of single morbidity was 30.3%, and multimorbidity was 32.1% among older people in India....

An investigation of the longitudinal association of ownership of mobile phone and having internet access with intimate partner violence among young married women from India

Purpose We explored the prevalence of intimate partner violence (physical, sexual and emotional) ... more Purpose We explored the prevalence of intimate partner violence (physical, sexual and emotional) and its longitudinal associations with the ownership mobile phone and internet access among married women within the context of India. Methods We used data from longitudinal survey “Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults” survey (2015-16 and 2018-19). Descriptive and random effect regression analysis was used find out the respective results. Results The findings show that ownership of mobile phones and internet access rose from 36.2% and 3.7% in wave-1 to 54.3% and 27% in wave-2 respectively. However, despite increased ownership of technology, victimization as all forms of violence increases over time. It was found that women who owned mobile phones were significantly inversely related to the physical [Coef: -0.041; p < .001] and sexual [Coef: -0.024; p < .001] violence, compared to those who had no mobile phones. Women who had internet access were negatively assoc...

The associations of BMI, chronic conditions and lifestyle factors with insomnia symptoms among older adults in India

PLOS ONE

Background The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of insomnia symptoms and to examin... more Background The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of insomnia symptoms and to examine the associations of body mass index (BMI), chronic diseases, and lifestyle factors with self-reported insomnia symptoms among older people in India. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the baseline wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) that was collected during 2017–18. A sample of 31,358 older adults aged 60 and above was included in the analyses. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to obtain the results. Results In this study, insomnia symptoms were reported by around 36 percent of older adults aged 60 and above. After controlling for socio-demographic factors, insomnia symptoms were positively associated with the risk of being underweight [AOR: 1.289, CI: 1.211–1.372] and negatively associated with obesity/overweight [AOR: 0.928, CI: 0.872–0.990] as compared to older adults with normal BMI. The odds ...

The role of religiosity and religious participation in the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment among older Indian adults

Scientific Reports

Due to different nature of social engagements of older adults in South Asian countries specially ... more Due to different nature of social engagements of older adults in South Asian countries specially attributed to the traditional family-based care and support, beneficial effects of religiosity and religious involvement on mental health and cognitive function in older age might be different than those in the Western world. Yet, there is a paucity of research in these countries on the role of religion in moderating the relationship between late life depression and cognition. This study explored the association of depressive symptoms with cognitive impairment and the moderating effects of religiosity and religious participation in those associations among older Indian adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on data that were drawn from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India wave-1, collected during 2017–2018. The sample size comprised of 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Shortened 10-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to measure depressive s...

Association of food insecurity with physical frailty among older adults: study based on LASI, 2017-18

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics

Does Socio-economic Inequality Exist in One-person Household Among Older Adults in India? Evidence From National Family Health Survey, 2015–16

Ageing International

Multivariate decomposition analysis of sex differences in functional difficulty among older adults based on Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017–2018

BMJ Open

ObjectivesThis study investigates the gender disparities in difficulty in activities of daily liv... more ObjectivesThis study investigates the gender disparities in difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and explores its contributing factors among older adults in India.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted using country representative survey data.Setting and participantsThe present study uses the data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017–2018. Participants included 15 098 male and 16 366 female older adults aged 60 years and above in India.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDifficulty in ADL and IADL were the outcome variables. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were carried out to present the preliminary results. Multivariate decomposition analysis was used to identify the contributions of covariates that explain the group differences to average predictions.ResultsThere was a significant gender differential in difficulty in ADL (difference: 4.6%; p value<0.001) and IADL (difference: 17.3%; p...

Relationship between depressive symptoms and self-reported menstrual irregularities during adolescence: evidence from UDAYA, 2016

BMC Public Health

Background The study examined the prevalence of self-reported menstrual irregularities during ado... more Background The study examined the prevalence of self-reported menstrual irregularities during adolescence and explored the association of depressive symptoms with self-reported menstrual irregularities in adolescents in two major states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in India. Methods This study is based on the data obtained from the first round of the "Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults" (UDAYA, 2016) survey. The effective sample size for the study was 12,707 adolescent girls aged 10–19 years. A bivariate analysis with chi-square test was conducted to determine the self-reported menstrual irregularity by predictor variables. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to examine the associations between self-reported menstrual irregularity, depressive symptoms and other explanatory variables. Results A proportion of 11.22% of adolescent girls reported menstrual irregularity and 11.40% of the participants had mild depressive symptoms. Adolescent...

Additional file 1 of Association of self-perceived income status with psychological distress and subjective well-being: a cross-sectional study among older adults in India

Additional file 1. Table S1. Logistic regression analysis for psychological distress and low subj... more Additional file 1. Table S1. Logistic regression analysis for psychological distress and low subjective well-being among older male and female (60 years and above) in India. Table S2. Logistic regression analysis for psychological distress and low subjective well-being among older adults from rural and urban place of residence in India.

Additional file 1 of Feeling about living arrangements and associated health outcomes among older adults in India: a cross-sectional study

Additional file 1. Appendix file.

Prevalence and Correlates of Vision Impairment and Its Association With Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults in India: An Epidemiological Study

BackgroundLike other major chronic diseases, vision impairment is an independently associated ris... more BackgroundLike other major chronic diseases, vision impairment is an independently associated risk factor of cognitive decline among older individuals. We in this study, aim to investigate what are the predictors of vision impairment in old age and how impaired vision is associated with cognitive impairment among the aging population.MethodsThe present research used data from Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India. The effective sample size for the present study was 9541 older adults. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis was used to find the preliminary results. Further, binary logistic regression analysis was been done to fulfil the objective of the study.ResultsAbout 6 in every 10 older adults had a problem of vision impairment. Further, nearly 60% of older adults had cognitive impairment in India. Diabetes [OR: 1.55, CI: 1.32-1.81], hypertension [OR: 1.60, CI: 1.42-1.80], heart disease [OR: 1.43, CI: 1.16-1.76] and cataract [OR: 5.97, CI: 4.83-7.38] were ...

Association of self-perceived income sufficiency with cognitive impairment among older adults: a population-based study in India

BMC Psychiatry, 2021

Background Greater cognitive performance has been shown to be associated with better mental and p... more Background Greater cognitive performance has been shown to be associated with better mental and physical health and lower mortality. The present study contributes to the existing literature on the linkages of self-perceived income sufficiency and cognitive impairment. Study also provides additional insights on other socioeconomic and health-related variables that are associated with cognitive impairment in older ages. Methods Data for this study is derived from the 'Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India'. The final sample size for the analysis after removing missing cases was 9176 older adults. Descriptive along with bivariate analyses were presented to show the plausible associations of cognitive impairment with potential risk factors using the chi-square test. Also, binary logistic regression analysis was performed to provide the relationship between cognitive impairment and risk factors. The software used was STATA 14. Results About 43% of older adults rep...

How Does Multi-Morbidity Relate to Feeling of Loneliness among Older Adults? Evidence from a Population-Based Survey in India

Journal of Population Ageing, 2021

We aim to examine multimorbidity as a risk factor for feeling of loneliness among older adults in... more We aim to examine multimorbidity as a risk factor for feeling of loneliness among older adults in India. Further, we investigate the interactive effects of sex and living arrangements in the association of multimorbidity and feeling alone in old age. The study involved a cross-sectional design of baseline data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI, 2017–18). A single-item measure was used from the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) to capture the feeling of loneliness among older adults. Model 1 in the multivariable analysis (Wald χ2 = 6.50, p < 0.05, Pseudo R2 = 0.0011) produced a significant association between multimorbidity and feeling alone (UOR = 1.20, CI: 1.04–1.38). In models 2 and 3, socio-demographic variables, as well as health and behavioral factors were added and it is found that model fit has been increased significantly (Wald χ2 = 524.82, p < 0.0001, Pseudo R2 = 0.0430), showing a positive association of multimorbidity with the feeling of loneliness. These findings highlight the importance of knowledge about multimorbidity to determine individuals at risk for higher loneliness scores in order to promote healthy aging.

Interaction of substance use with physical activity and its effect on depressive symptoms among adolescents

Journal of Substance Use, 2020

Objective: The present paper examined the association of physical activity and substance use with... more Objective: The present paper examined the association of physical activity and substance use with depressive symptoms among adolescents in lower socioeconomic settings in India. We hypothesized that physical activity would be positively associated with lower depression levels and that the relationship would be inverse in case of substance use. Methods: We utilized data from the Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) survey. The depression level was assessed by combining nine questions on symptoms, having a higher internal validity (Cronbach alpha value: 0.86), and adopting a negative binomial regression model. Results: The study demonstrated a higher mean depression score among educated, girls, and adolescents who consumed substance and were not involved in physical activity. Adolescents who are physically inactive (IRR: 1.33; CI: 1.25-1.41) and use substance (IRR-1.26; CI: 1.11-1.43) were more likely to have depressive symptoms compared to their counterparts. However, after controlling the effect of background variables, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) decreased for physical activities (IRR: 0.88; CI: 0.81-0.94) and increased for substance use (IRR: 1.39; CI: 1.22-1.58). Conclusion: Substance use predisposes adolescents toward depression; therefore, educating teens on the effects of substance use is important as it would control possible substance use among adolescents.

Association of lifestyle factors with menstrual problems and its treatment-seeking behavior among adolescent girls

by David Jean Simon and T. Muhammad

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

Additional file 1 of Types of household headship and associated life satisfaction among older adults in India: findings from LASI survey, 2017–18

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Percentage of older adults involved in different types of decision ... more

Number of chronic conditions and associated functional limitations among older adults: cross-sectional findings from the longitudinal aging study in India

BMC Geriatrics, 2021

Background Chronic conditions reduce the likelihood of physical functioning among older adults. H... more Background Chronic conditions reduce the likelihood of physical functioning among older adults. However, the contribution of most prevalent diseases and multimorbidity to different measures of functional limitations is relatively underexplored among Indian older adults. The present study explores the prospective association between number of chronic conditions and limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) among older adults in India. Methods This study utilized data from the nationally representative Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI-2017-18). The effective sample size was 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Descriptive statistics along with cross-tabulation were presented in the study. Additionally, binary logistic regression analysis was used to fulfil the objectives. The outcome variables were dichotomized; high representing no difficulty in ADL/IADL and low representing a difficulty in at least one ADL/IADL...

Prevalence and correlates of perceived age-related discrimination among older adults in India

BMC Public Health, 2022

Background Age is one of the predominant reasons for perceived discrimination in developing world... more Background Age is one of the predominant reasons for perceived discrimination in developing world where older people are considered a non-contributing burden. The present study explores the prevalence and correlates of perceived age discrimination among older Indian adults. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a large representative survey data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India conducted during 2017–18. Participants included 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to test the associations between selected background characteristics and perceived age discrimination. Results The analysis revealed that 10.33 percent of older adults perceived their age as the main reason for discrimination, which was 11.86% among the oldest-old. Older adults with more than 10 years of schooling were 32% [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.68; confidence interval (CI): 0.51—0.89] less likely to perceive age discrimination compare...

Tooth loss and associated self-rated health and psychological and subjective wellbeing among community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study in India

BMC Public Health, 2022

Background Losing teeth has been considered as part of normal aging. However, in developing count... more Background Losing teeth has been considered as part of normal aging. However, in developing countries, tooth loss among older adults is shown to be more negatively associated with self-image and quality of life compared to their western counterparts. This study examines the association of tooth loss with self-rated health and psychological and subjective wellbeing among older adults in India. Methods Data were derived from the "Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India" (BKPAI) survey which was carried out in 2011. The final sample size for the analysis was 9231 older adults. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis along with binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to fulfil the objective of the study. Results A proportion of 12.3% of older adults reported complete tooth loss. It was found that older adults who reported tooth loss were 2.38 times significantly more likely to have poor self-rated health (SRH) [2.38; CI: 1.99,2.83] than older adu...

Factors associated with psychiatric disorders and treatment seeking behaviour among older adults in India

Scientific Reports, 2021

Since untreated or undertreated late-life mental disorders is associated with grave consequences ... more Since untreated or undertreated late-life mental disorders is associated with grave consequences including poor quality of life and increased mortality rates, this study investigates the associated factors of psychiatric disorders and its treatment seeking among older adults in India. Data for this study were derived from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) conducted during 2017–2018. The effective sample size was 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to present the preliminary results. Chi-square test was used to find the significance level for bivariate association. Additionally, the Heckprobit selection model was employed to fulfil the objectives. It was revealed that about 2.8% of older adults had psychiatric disorder and of those who were suffering from psychiatric disorder, 41.3% (out of 2.8%) sought medical treatment. It was found that older adults who ever worked but currently not working, who had low l...

The burden of disease-specific multimorbidity among older adults in India and its states: evidence from LASI

BMC Geriatrics

Background Around the world, advances in public health and changes in clinical interventions have... more Background Around the world, advances in public health and changes in clinical interventions have resulted in increased life expectancy. Multimorbidity is becoming more of an issue, particularly in countries where the population is rapidly ageing. We aimed to determine the prevalence of multimorbidity and disease-specific multimorbidity and examine its association with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics among older adults in India and its states. Methods The individual data from the longitudinal ageing study in India (LASI) were used for this study, with 11 common chronic conditions among older adults aged 60 and above years (N = 31,464). Descriptive statistics were used to report the overall prevalence of multimorbidity and disease-specific burden of multimorbidity. Multinomial logistic regression has been used to explore the factors associated with multimorbidity. Results Prevalence of single morbidity was 30.3%, and multimorbidity was 32.1% among older people in India....

An investigation of the longitudinal association of ownership of mobile phone and having internet access with intimate partner violence among young married women from India

Purpose We explored the prevalence of intimate partner violence (physical, sexual and emotional) ... more Purpose We explored the prevalence of intimate partner violence (physical, sexual and emotional) and its longitudinal associations with the ownership mobile phone and internet access among married women within the context of India. Methods We used data from longitudinal survey “Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults” survey (2015-16 and 2018-19). Descriptive and random effect regression analysis was used find out the respective results. Results The findings show that ownership of mobile phones and internet access rose from 36.2% and 3.7% in wave-1 to 54.3% and 27% in wave-2 respectively. However, despite increased ownership of technology, victimization as all forms of violence increases over time. It was found that women who owned mobile phones were significantly inversely related to the physical [Coef: -0.041; p < .001] and sexual [Coef: -0.024; p < .001] violence, compared to those who had no mobile phones. Women who had internet access were negatively assoc...

The associations of BMI, chronic conditions and lifestyle factors with insomnia symptoms among older adults in India

PLOS ONE

Background The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of insomnia symptoms and to examin... more Background The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of insomnia symptoms and to examine the associations of body mass index (BMI), chronic diseases, and lifestyle factors with self-reported insomnia symptoms among older people in India. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the baseline wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) that was collected during 2017–18. A sample of 31,358 older adults aged 60 and above was included in the analyses. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to obtain the results. Results In this study, insomnia symptoms were reported by around 36 percent of older adults aged 60 and above. After controlling for socio-demographic factors, insomnia symptoms were positively associated with the risk of being underweight [AOR: 1.289, CI: 1.211–1.372] and negatively associated with obesity/overweight [AOR: 0.928, CI: 0.872–0.990] as compared to older adults with normal BMI. The odds ...

The role of religiosity and religious participation in the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment among older Indian adults

Scientific Reports

Due to different nature of social engagements of older adults in South Asian countries specially ... more Due to different nature of social engagements of older adults in South Asian countries specially attributed to the traditional family-based care and support, beneficial effects of religiosity and religious involvement on mental health and cognitive function in older age might be different than those in the Western world. Yet, there is a paucity of research in these countries on the role of religion in moderating the relationship between late life depression and cognition. This study explored the association of depressive symptoms with cognitive impairment and the moderating effects of religiosity and religious participation in those associations among older Indian adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on data that were drawn from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India wave-1, collected during 2017–2018. The sample size comprised of 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Shortened 10-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to measure depressive s...

Association of food insecurity with physical frailty among older adults: study based on LASI, 2017-18

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics

Does Socio-economic Inequality Exist in One-person Household Among Older Adults in India? Evidence From National Family Health Survey, 2015–16

Ageing International

Multivariate decomposition analysis of sex differences in functional difficulty among older adults based on Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017–2018

BMJ Open

ObjectivesThis study investigates the gender disparities in difficulty in activities of daily liv... more ObjectivesThis study investigates the gender disparities in difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and explores its contributing factors among older adults in India.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted using country representative survey data.Setting and participantsThe present study uses the data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017–2018. Participants included 15 098 male and 16 366 female older adults aged 60 years and above in India.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDifficulty in ADL and IADL were the outcome variables. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were carried out to present the preliminary results. Multivariate decomposition analysis was used to identify the contributions of covariates that explain the group differences to average predictions.ResultsThere was a significant gender differential in difficulty in ADL (difference: 4.6%; p value<0.001) and IADL (difference: 17.3%; p...

Relationship between depressive symptoms and self-reported menstrual irregularities during adolescence: evidence from UDAYA, 2016

BMC Public Health

Background The study examined the prevalence of self-reported menstrual irregularities during ado... more Background The study examined the prevalence of self-reported menstrual irregularities during adolescence and explored the association of depressive symptoms with self-reported menstrual irregularities in adolescents in two major states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in India. Methods This study is based on the data obtained from the first round of the "Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults" (UDAYA, 2016) survey. The effective sample size for the study was 12,707 adolescent girls aged 10–19 years. A bivariate analysis with chi-square test was conducted to determine the self-reported menstrual irregularity by predictor variables. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to examine the associations between self-reported menstrual irregularity, depressive symptoms and other explanatory variables. Results A proportion of 11.22% of adolescent girls reported menstrual irregularity and 11.40% of the participants had mild depressive symptoms. Adolescent...

Additional file 1 of Association of self-perceived income status with psychological distress and subjective well-being: a cross-sectional study among older adults in India

Additional file 1. Table S1. Logistic regression analysis for psychological distress and low subj... more Additional file 1. Table S1. Logistic regression analysis for psychological distress and low subjective well-being among older male and female (60 years and above) in India. Table S2. Logistic regression analysis for psychological distress and low subjective well-being among older adults from rural and urban place of residence in India.

Additional file 1 of Feeling about living arrangements and associated health outcomes among older adults in India: a cross-sectional study

Additional file 1. Appendix file.

Prevalence and Correlates of Vision Impairment and Its Association With Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults in India: An Epidemiological Study

BackgroundLike other major chronic diseases, vision impairment is an independently associated ris... more BackgroundLike other major chronic diseases, vision impairment is an independently associated risk factor of cognitive decline among older individuals. We in this study, aim to investigate what are the predictors of vision impairment in old age and how impaired vision is associated with cognitive impairment among the aging population.MethodsThe present research used data from Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India. The effective sample size for the present study was 9541 older adults. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis was used to find the preliminary results. Further, binary logistic regression analysis was been done to fulfil the objective of the study.ResultsAbout 6 in every 10 older adults had a problem of vision impairment. Further, nearly 60% of older adults had cognitive impairment in India. Diabetes [OR: 1.55, CI: 1.32-1.81], hypertension [OR: 1.60, CI: 1.42-1.80], heart disease [OR: 1.43, CI: 1.16-1.76] and cataract [OR: 5.97, CI: 4.83-7.38] were ...

Association of self-perceived income sufficiency with cognitive impairment among older adults: a population-based study in India

BMC Psychiatry, 2021

Background Greater cognitive performance has been shown to be associated with better mental and p... more Background Greater cognitive performance has been shown to be associated with better mental and physical health and lower mortality. The present study contributes to the existing literature on the linkages of self-perceived income sufficiency and cognitive impairment. Study also provides additional insights on other socioeconomic and health-related variables that are associated with cognitive impairment in older ages. Methods Data for this study is derived from the 'Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India'. The final sample size for the analysis after removing missing cases was 9176 older adults. Descriptive along with bivariate analyses were presented to show the plausible associations of cognitive impairment with potential risk factors using the chi-square test. Also, binary logistic regression analysis was performed to provide the relationship between cognitive impairment and risk factors. The software used was STATA 14. Results About 43% of older adults rep...

How Does Multi-Morbidity Relate to Feeling of Loneliness among Older Adults? Evidence from a Population-Based Survey in India

Journal of Population Ageing, 2021

We aim to examine multimorbidity as a risk factor for feeling of loneliness among older adults in... more We aim to examine multimorbidity as a risk factor for feeling of loneliness among older adults in India. Further, we investigate the interactive effects of sex and living arrangements in the association of multimorbidity and feeling alone in old age. The study involved a cross-sectional design of baseline data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI, 2017–18). A single-item measure was used from the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) to capture the feeling of loneliness among older adults. Model 1 in the multivariable analysis (Wald χ2 = 6.50, p < 0.05, Pseudo R2 = 0.0011) produced a significant association between multimorbidity and feeling alone (UOR = 1.20, CI: 1.04–1.38). In models 2 and 3, socio-demographic variables, as well as health and behavioral factors were added and it is found that model fit has been increased significantly (Wald χ2 = 524.82, p < 0.0001, Pseudo R2 = 0.0430), showing a positive association of multimorbidity with the feeling of loneliness. These findings highlight the importance of knowledge about multimorbidity to determine individuals at risk for higher loneliness scores in order to promote healthy aging.

Interaction of substance use with physical activity and its effect on depressive symptoms among adolescents

Journal of Substance Use, 2020

Objective: The present paper examined the association of physical activity and substance use with... more Objective: The present paper examined the association of physical activity and substance use with depressive symptoms among adolescents in lower socioeconomic settings in India. We hypothesized that physical activity would be positively associated with lower depression levels and that the relationship would be inverse in case of substance use. Methods: We utilized data from the Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) survey. The depression level was assessed by combining nine questions on symptoms, having a higher internal validity (Cronbach alpha value: 0.86), and adopting a negative binomial regression model. Results: The study demonstrated a higher mean depression score among educated, girls, and adolescents who consumed substance and were not involved in physical activity. Adolescents who are physically inactive (IRR: 1.33; CI: 1.25-1.41) and use substance (IRR-1.26; CI: 1.11-1.43) were more likely to have depressive symptoms compared to their counterparts. However, after controlling the effect of background variables, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) decreased for physical activities (IRR: 0.88; CI: 0.81-0.94) and increased for substance use (IRR: 1.39; CI: 1.22-1.58). Conclusion: Substance use predisposes adolescents toward depression; therefore, educating teens on the effects of substance use is important as it would control possible substance use among adolescents.

Association of lifestyle factors with menstrual problems and its treatment-seeking behavior among adolescent girls

by David Jean Simon and T. Muhammad

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

Additional file 1 of Types of household headship and associated life satisfaction among older adults in India: findings from LASI survey, 2017–18

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Percentage of older adults involved in different types of decision ... more

Number of chronic conditions and associated functional limitations among older adults: cross-sectional findings from the longitudinal aging study in India

BMC Geriatrics, 2021

Background Chronic conditions reduce the likelihood of physical functioning among older adults. H... more Background Chronic conditions reduce the likelihood of physical functioning among older adults. However, the contribution of most prevalent diseases and multimorbidity to different measures of functional limitations is relatively underexplored among Indian older adults. The present study explores the prospective association between number of chronic conditions and limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) among older adults in India. Methods This study utilized data from the nationally representative Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI-2017-18). The effective sample size was 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Descriptive statistics along with cross-tabulation were presented in the study. Additionally, binary logistic regression analysis was used to fulfil the objectives. The outcome variables were dichotomized; high representing no difficulty in ADL/IADL and low representing a difficulty in at least one ADL/IADL...

Prevalence and correlates of perceived age-related discrimination among older adults in India

BMC Public Health, 2022

Background Age is one of the predominant reasons for perceived discrimination in developing world... more Background Age is one of the predominant reasons for perceived discrimination in developing world where older people are considered a non-contributing burden. The present study explores the prevalence and correlates of perceived age discrimination among older Indian adults. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a large representative survey data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India conducted during 2017–18. Participants included 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to test the associations between selected background characteristics and perceived age discrimination. Results The analysis revealed that 10.33 percent of older adults perceived their age as the main reason for discrimination, which was 11.86% among the oldest-old. Older adults with more than 10 years of schooling were 32% [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.68; confidence interval (CI): 0.51—0.89] less likely to perceive age discrimination compare...

Tooth loss and associated self-rated health and psychological and subjective wellbeing among community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study in India

BMC Public Health, 2022

Background Losing teeth has been considered as part of normal aging. However, in developing count... more Background Losing teeth has been considered as part of normal aging. However, in developing countries, tooth loss among older adults is shown to be more negatively associated with self-image and quality of life compared to their western counterparts. This study examines the association of tooth loss with self-rated health and psychological and subjective wellbeing among older adults in India. Methods Data were derived from the "Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India" (BKPAI) survey which was carried out in 2011. The final sample size for the analysis was 9231 older adults. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis along with binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to fulfil the objective of the study. Results A proportion of 12.3% of older adults reported complete tooth loss. It was found that older adults who reported tooth loss were 2.38 times significantly more likely to have poor self-rated health (SRH) [2.38; CI: 1.99,2.83] than older adu...

Factors associated with psychiatric disorders and treatment seeking behaviour among older adults in India

Scientific Reports, 2021

Since untreated or undertreated late-life mental disorders is associated with grave consequences ... more Since untreated or undertreated late-life mental disorders is associated with grave consequences including poor quality of life and increased mortality rates, this study investigates the associated factors of psychiatric disorders and its treatment seeking among older adults in India. Data for this study were derived from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) conducted during 2017–2018. The effective sample size was 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to present the preliminary results. Chi-square test was used to find the significance level for bivariate association. Additionally, the Heckprobit selection model was employed to fulfil the objectives. It was revealed that about 2.8% of older adults had psychiatric disorder and of those who were suffering from psychiatric disorder, 41.3% (out of 2.8%) sought medical treatment. It was found that older adults who ever worked but currently not working, who had low l...