This is the pre-publication version of a study published in Maria Alessia Rossi, Alice Isabella S... more This is the pre-publication version of a study published in Maria Alessia Rossi, Alice Isabella Sullivan (eds), The Routledge Handbook of Byzantine Visual Culture in the Danube Regions, 1300–1600 (London – New York: Routledge, 2024), 11-25.
The aim of this chapter is to contextualize a classic of twentieth-century historiography, namely, N. Iorga’s Byzantium after Byzantium. Published in 1935, in French, as a “continuation” of the Romanian historian’s previous History of the Byzantine Life, the book failed to gain momentum. However, as other “narratives of Byzantium” (Diana Mishkova) and of Balkanism (Maria Todorova) rose and faded, the idea of the “permanence of the Byzantine forms” showed tremendous resilience. Re-edited in occasion of the 14th International Congress of Byzantine Studies, held in Bucharest, in 1971, and translated into Romanian soon after, Byzantium after Byzantium provided the impetus for a plethora of studies in a field it had defined. Several historians pushed Iorga’s arguments to the extremes, while others proposed nuanced perspectives or coined challenging paradigms. Consequently, the analysis of both book and concept provides us with the opportunity to discuss several historiographical trends of inter-war and post-war Romania.
Multum laboravistis propter nos et propter bonum pacis et unionis: episoade şi reverberaţii ale Evului Mediu. Profesorului Ioan-Aurel Pop, în al șaptezecilea an al vieții, 2024
], dar și faptele care au precedat-o ori cele care i-au urmat au fost cunoscute totuși, în linii ... more ], dar și faptele care au precedat-o ori cele care i-au urmat au fost cunoscute totuși, în linii mari înspre vestul Europei, la Roma, la Veneția, la Milano ori Florența, la Madrid, în Regatul Franței sau în lumea germană [...]" 1 .
În căutarea celuilat. Diplomație, război, memorie. In Honorem Ileana Căzan, 2024
During the Middle Age, history was a literary genre among many others. As a result, fiction and t... more During the Middle Age, history was a literary genre among many others. As a result, fiction and truth were intertwined categories each one supporting the other. The legends, the anecdotes and cautionary tales used by the chroniclers were a part of a textual strategy aimed to impress the audience and to convey a moral message as history was first and foremost, according to a Ciceronian dictum, magistra vitae. The starting point of the present article is a fragment of Chronicon Salernitanum, an anonymous work written towards the end of the 10th century, which focuses on the relation between Charlemagne and the duke of Benevento, Arichis II, after the fall of the Lombard Kingdom in 774. For the anonymous chronicler, despite the overwhelming military superiority of the Franks, the Lombards of Benevento were able to preserve their autonomy due to the wisdom of their leader, Arichis II. The Lombard soothed the anger of his royal rival by means of an astute diplomacy. His emissaries – all of them member of the clergy – were able to appease Charlemagne’s anger using humbleness, astuteness and Biblical examples. Eventually, the Frankish King abandoned the idea to conquer Benevento and accepted to conclude a peace punishing Arichis only by a symbolic gesture.
L'analyse de la correspondance médiévale des princes Valaques et Moldaves avec deux cités mar... more L'analyse de la correspondance médiévale des princes Valaques et Moldaves avec deux cités marchandes du sud de la Transylvanie montre que les nouvelles concernant l'Empire Ottoman ont été des instruments du pouvoir princier dans les rapports fluctuants avec la Transylvanie et le Royaume Hongrois. Les lettres envoyées aux marchands Saxons dévoilent diverses stratégies de persuasion utilisées par les princes des deux principautés de même que des rapports de forces bien différents.
In The Ottoman Threat and Crusading on the Eastern Border of Christendom during the Fifteenth Cen... more In The Ottoman Threat and Crusading on the Eastern Border of Christendom during the Fifteenth Century Liviu Pilat and Ovidiu Cristea focus on less-known aspects of the later crusades in Eastern Europe, examining the ideals of holy war and political pragmatism.
In The Ottoman Threat and Crusading on the Eastern Border of Christendom during the Fifteenth Cen... more In The Ottoman Threat and Crusading on the Eastern Border of Christendom during the Fifteenth Century Liviu Pilat and Ovidiu Cristea focus on less-known aspects of the later crusades in Eastern Europe, examining the ideals of holy war and political pragmatism.
In The Ottoman Threat and Crusading on the Eastern Border of Christendom during the Fifteenth Cen... more In The Ottoman Threat and Crusading on the Eastern Border of Christendom during the Fifteenth Century Liviu Pilat and Ovidiu Cristea focus on less-known aspects of the later crusades in Eastern Europe, examining the ideals of holy war and political pragmatism.
L'analyse de la correspondance médiévale des princes Valaques et Moldaves avec deux cités mar... more L'analyse de la correspondance médiévale des princes Valaques et Moldaves avec deux cités marchandes du sud de la Transylvanie montre que les nouvelles concernant l'Empire Ottoman ont été des instruments du pouvoir princier dans les rapports fluctuants avec la Transylvanie et le Royaume Hongrois. Les lettres envoyées aux marchands Saxons dévoilent diverses stratégies de persuasion utilisées par les princes des deux principautés de même que des rapports de forces bien différents.
thèse est indéfendable. En outre, bien que l’auteur décrive comment le culte national de saint Ét... more thèse est indéfendable. En outre, bien que l’auteur décrive comment le culte national de saint Étienne, à travers les siècles, a formé et biaisé l’image du roi, elle embrasse de temps à autre les opinions basées sur ces visées nationalistes. Ceci, avec les omissions mentionnés plus haut, suggère que l’auteur est dans une certaine mesure prisonnière de ces sentiments nationaux. Ainsi, M.-M. de Cevins parle de la « force exceptionnelle du lien affectif qui unit [Étienne] aux Hongrois » (p. 12), sans remarquer qu’il ne caractérise pas tous les Hongrois, et que bien des critiques modernes du culte national existent, car ce culte se prêtait aux appropriations de la droite et même de l’extrême droite. Malgré ces problèmes méthodologiques, ce livre est une introduction utile à l’histoire d’Étienne et à celle de la Hongrie de son temps. En effet, il ne traite pas seulement du personnage royal, mais il décrit aussi la fondation de l’Église hongroise et les profondes transformations socio-économiques de ce pays, en soulignant les problèmes qui ont accompagné ces changements. Histoire narrative traditionnelle, ce livre donne à voir et à penser les résultats, mais parfois aussi les erreurs, de l’historiographie hongroise sur Étienne I.
This is the pre-publication version of a study published in Maria Alessia Rossi, Alice Isabella S... more This is the pre-publication version of a study published in Maria Alessia Rossi, Alice Isabella Sullivan (eds), The Routledge Handbook of Byzantine Visual Culture in the Danube Regions, 1300–1600 (London – New York: Routledge, 2024), 11-25.
The aim of this chapter is to contextualize a classic of twentieth-century historiography, namely, N. Iorga’s Byzantium after Byzantium. Published in 1935, in French, as a “continuation” of the Romanian historian’s previous History of the Byzantine Life, the book failed to gain momentum. However, as other “narratives of Byzantium” (Diana Mishkova) and of Balkanism (Maria Todorova) rose and faded, the idea of the “permanence of the Byzantine forms” showed tremendous resilience. Re-edited in occasion of the 14th International Congress of Byzantine Studies, held in Bucharest, in 1971, and translated into Romanian soon after, Byzantium after Byzantium provided the impetus for a plethora of studies in a field it had defined. Several historians pushed Iorga’s arguments to the extremes, while others proposed nuanced perspectives or coined challenging paradigms. Consequently, the analysis of both book and concept provides us with the opportunity to discuss several historiographical trends of inter-war and post-war Romania.
Multum laboravistis propter nos et propter bonum pacis et unionis: episoade şi reverberaţii ale Evului Mediu. Profesorului Ioan-Aurel Pop, în al șaptezecilea an al vieții, 2024
], dar și faptele care au precedat-o ori cele care i-au urmat au fost cunoscute totuși, în linii ... more ], dar și faptele care au precedat-o ori cele care i-au urmat au fost cunoscute totuși, în linii mari înspre vestul Europei, la Roma, la Veneția, la Milano ori Florența, la Madrid, în Regatul Franței sau în lumea germană [...]" 1 .
În căutarea celuilat. Diplomație, război, memorie. In Honorem Ileana Căzan, 2024
During the Middle Age, history was a literary genre among many others. As a result, fiction and t... more During the Middle Age, history was a literary genre among many others. As a result, fiction and truth were intertwined categories each one supporting the other. The legends, the anecdotes and cautionary tales used by the chroniclers were a part of a textual strategy aimed to impress the audience and to convey a moral message as history was first and foremost, according to a Ciceronian dictum, magistra vitae. The starting point of the present article is a fragment of Chronicon Salernitanum, an anonymous work written towards the end of the 10th century, which focuses on the relation between Charlemagne and the duke of Benevento, Arichis II, after the fall of the Lombard Kingdom in 774. For the anonymous chronicler, despite the overwhelming military superiority of the Franks, the Lombards of Benevento were able to preserve their autonomy due to the wisdom of their leader, Arichis II. The Lombard soothed the anger of his royal rival by means of an astute diplomacy. His emissaries – all of them member of the clergy – were able to appease Charlemagne’s anger using humbleness, astuteness and Biblical examples. Eventually, the Frankish King abandoned the idea to conquer Benevento and accepted to conclude a peace punishing Arichis only by a symbolic gesture.
L'analyse de la correspondance médiévale des princes Valaques et Moldaves avec deux cités mar... more L'analyse de la correspondance médiévale des princes Valaques et Moldaves avec deux cités marchandes du sud de la Transylvanie montre que les nouvelles concernant l'Empire Ottoman ont été des instruments du pouvoir princier dans les rapports fluctuants avec la Transylvanie et le Royaume Hongrois. Les lettres envoyées aux marchands Saxons dévoilent diverses stratégies de persuasion utilisées par les princes des deux principautés de même que des rapports de forces bien différents.
In The Ottoman Threat and Crusading on the Eastern Border of Christendom during the Fifteenth Cen... more In The Ottoman Threat and Crusading on the Eastern Border of Christendom during the Fifteenth Century Liviu Pilat and Ovidiu Cristea focus on less-known aspects of the later crusades in Eastern Europe, examining the ideals of holy war and political pragmatism.
In The Ottoman Threat and Crusading on the Eastern Border of Christendom during the Fifteenth Cen... more In The Ottoman Threat and Crusading on the Eastern Border of Christendom during the Fifteenth Century Liviu Pilat and Ovidiu Cristea focus on less-known aspects of the later crusades in Eastern Europe, examining the ideals of holy war and political pragmatism.
In The Ottoman Threat and Crusading on the Eastern Border of Christendom during the Fifteenth Cen... more In The Ottoman Threat and Crusading on the Eastern Border of Christendom during the Fifteenth Century Liviu Pilat and Ovidiu Cristea focus on less-known aspects of the later crusades in Eastern Europe, examining the ideals of holy war and political pragmatism.
L'analyse de la correspondance médiévale des princes Valaques et Moldaves avec deux cités mar... more L'analyse de la correspondance médiévale des princes Valaques et Moldaves avec deux cités marchandes du sud de la Transylvanie montre que les nouvelles concernant l'Empire Ottoman ont été des instruments du pouvoir princier dans les rapports fluctuants avec la Transylvanie et le Royaume Hongrois. Les lettres envoyées aux marchands Saxons dévoilent diverses stratégies de persuasion utilisées par les princes des deux principautés de même que des rapports de forces bien différents.
thèse est indéfendable. En outre, bien que l’auteur décrive comment le culte national de saint Ét... more thèse est indéfendable. En outre, bien que l’auteur décrive comment le culte national de saint Étienne, à travers les siècles, a formé et biaisé l’image du roi, elle embrasse de temps à autre les opinions basées sur ces visées nationalistes. Ceci, avec les omissions mentionnés plus haut, suggère que l’auteur est dans une certaine mesure prisonnière de ces sentiments nationaux. Ainsi, M.-M. de Cevins parle de la « force exceptionnelle du lien affectif qui unit [Étienne] aux Hongrois » (p. 12), sans remarquer qu’il ne caractérise pas tous les Hongrois, et que bien des critiques modernes du culte national existent, car ce culte se prêtait aux appropriations de la droite et même de l’extrême droite. Malgré ces problèmes méthodologiques, ce livre est une introduction utile à l’histoire d’Étienne et à celle de la Hongrie de son temps. En effet, il ne traite pas seulement du personnage royal, mais il décrit aussi la fondation de l’Église hongroise et les profondes transformations socio-économiques de ce pays, en soulignant les problèmes qui ont accompagné ces changements. Histoire narrative traditionnelle, ce livre donne à voir et à penser les résultats, mais parfois aussi les erreurs, de l’historiographie hongroise sur Étienne I.
Cartea de față nu este o istorie a raporturilor dintre Veneția și Moldova, nicio monografie a lup... more Cartea de față nu este o istorie a raporturilor dintre Veneția și Moldova, nicio monografie a luptelor lui Ștefan cel Mare cu turcii și cu atât mai puțin o prezentare a conflictului Imperiului Otoman cu Veneția care s-a derulat între 1463 și 1479. Este doar o “poveste” despre un moment de răscruce în istoria Moldovei medievale când, în urma expediției sultanului Baiazid al II-lea din 1484, cetățile Chilia și Cetatea Albă, împreună cu o bună parte din colțul sud-estic al principatului, au fost anexate Imperiului Otoman. Cât de importante au fost aceste două fortărețe rezultă nu numai din compararea lor, în vocabularul politic al timpului, cu o poartă a creștinătății, dar și din înverșunarea cu care Moldova le-a apărat în secolele XIV-XV.
Uploads
Papers by Ovidiu Cristea
The aim of this chapter is to contextualize a classic of twentieth-century historiography, namely, N. Iorga’s Byzantium after Byzantium. Published in 1935, in French, as a “continuation” of the Romanian historian’s previous History of the Byzantine Life, the book failed to gain momentum. However, as other “narratives of Byzantium” (Diana Mishkova) and of Balkanism (Maria Todorova) rose and faded, the idea of the “permanence of the Byzantine forms” showed tremendous resilience. Re-edited in occasion of the 14th International Congress of Byzantine Studies, held in Bucharest, in 1971, and translated into Romanian soon after, Byzantium after Byzantium provided the impetus for a plethora of studies in a field it had defined. Several historians pushed Iorga’s arguments to the extremes, while others proposed nuanced perspectives or coined challenging paradigms. Consequently, the analysis of both book and concept provides us with the opportunity to discuss several historiographical trends of inter-war and post-war Romania.
The aim of this chapter is to contextualize a classic of twentieth-century historiography, namely, N. Iorga’s Byzantium after Byzantium. Published in 1935, in French, as a “continuation” of the Romanian historian’s previous History of the Byzantine Life, the book failed to gain momentum. However, as other “narratives of Byzantium” (Diana Mishkova) and of Balkanism (Maria Todorova) rose and faded, the idea of the “permanence of the Byzantine forms” showed tremendous resilience. Re-edited in occasion of the 14th International Congress of Byzantine Studies, held in Bucharest, in 1971, and translated into Romanian soon after, Byzantium after Byzantium provided the impetus for a plethora of studies in a field it had defined. Several historians pushed Iorga’s arguments to the extremes, while others proposed nuanced perspectives or coined challenging paradigms. Consequently, the analysis of both book and concept provides us with the opportunity to discuss several historiographical trends of inter-war and post-war Romania.