Lolita Nikolova
First of all thank you for following me. Following each other is very important to share fast the new research results, but as you know we cannot follow everybody we want. There is a limitation of the number of people which we can add to follow within a specific time span. Sorry to all who follow me and I cannot follow.
Also, please contact me if you have new ideas and critical views on global science.
I was born in Bulgaria. In 2000-2019 I lived in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, where I was with Green Card for my scientific contributions in the field of prehistory, since 2019 as an American citizen. In the USA I have developed my research skills and education by adding genealogy, forensic psychology, visual arts, and new media as professional fields together with prehistory, theory of archaeology, prehistory, pedagogy, philosophy and anthropology, and higher education leadership. In Novemer 2019 I came back to Karlovo, Bulgaria to lead Karlovo Academy and to be able to be close to Greece, Italy and Germany - the countries of my genealogical projects which I research for the American companies. On 20 Nov 2019 I started TV lectures "Cultural Identity - Who are We?" at Plovdiv University at Plovdiv Public TV hosted by Evgenij Todorov. It is 1 hour direct TV show, every first and third Wednesday of the months, with videos downloaded at youtube.com.
My current research interests include cultural theory, genealogy, cultural genomics, prehistory, education, and science. The way in which we think is the way in which we change the world. I strongly believe in the western democracy as the best example of humanity in human history with many opportunities for advance and improvement. My world view embraces global humanity. I have been reading with greatest interest new thoughtful theories which generally change our way of thinking.
Main scientific contributions: in prehistory – theory of burial mounds and of cremation, Yunatsite culture, periodization and chronology of Balkan prehistory, Balkan-Anatolian interrelations, social models; anthropology – theory of interrelation between watching pornography and domestic violence; genealogy as a field of anthropology; theory of wealth; theory of social secure status; theory – empathy, etc. ; cultural genomics as a new complex field of research.
Address: 30 Krivolak St., Karlovo, Bulgaria 4300.
Also, please contact me if you have new ideas and critical views on global science.
I was born in Bulgaria. In 2000-2019 I lived in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, where I was with Green Card for my scientific contributions in the field of prehistory, since 2019 as an American citizen. In the USA I have developed my research skills and education by adding genealogy, forensic psychology, visual arts, and new media as professional fields together with prehistory, theory of archaeology, prehistory, pedagogy, philosophy and anthropology, and higher education leadership. In Novemer 2019 I came back to Karlovo, Bulgaria to lead Karlovo Academy and to be able to be close to Greece, Italy and Germany - the countries of my genealogical projects which I research for the American companies. On 20 Nov 2019 I started TV lectures "Cultural Identity - Who are We?" at Plovdiv University at Plovdiv Public TV hosted by Evgenij Todorov. It is 1 hour direct TV show, every first and third Wednesday of the months, with videos downloaded at youtube.com.
My current research interests include cultural theory, genealogy, cultural genomics, prehistory, education, and science. The way in which we think is the way in which we change the world. I strongly believe in the western democracy as the best example of humanity in human history with many opportunities for advance and improvement. My world view embraces global humanity. I have been reading with greatest interest new thoughtful theories which generally change our way of thinking.
Main scientific contributions: in prehistory – theory of burial mounds and of cremation, Yunatsite culture, periodization and chronology of Balkan prehistory, Balkan-Anatolian interrelations, social models; anthropology – theory of interrelation between watching pornography and domestic violence; genealogy as a field of anthropology; theory of wealth; theory of social secure status; theory – empathy, etc. ; cultural genomics as a new complex field of research.
Address: 30 Krivolak St., Karlovo, Bulgaria 4300.
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Prehistory: books by Lolita Nikolova
This edited volume brings together researchers in the field of Circumpontic archaeology from the Neolithic to the Iron Age period. The content of the volume is offered to students and scholars who seek a deeper understanding of the prehistory of the Western Pontic region, in particular the Balkans in their Eurasian context and more broadly to enhance the scholarly collections of academic, educational, public and private libraries throughout the world. De Gruyter Open. 356 p.
Genealogy and cultural genomics by Lolita Nikolova
physical anthropology, cultural anthropology, history, sociology, health sciences, and other fields in the humanities. Study of this branch points out the absence of traditions, including genetic genealogy, in the
academic campus curricula. At the same time, an integral component of genetic genealogy is population genetics, which is a basic academic subject.
This research review assesses three types of curricula: curricula for genetic genealogy courses, curricula for population genetics courses, and curricula for general (integrative) genealogy. The description of the second and third types focuses on how they relate to the curriculum for genetic genealogy courses. In addition, many other resources for curricula are analyzed, since numerous publications and websites offer important learning tools and embed elements of academic curricula.
This monograph presents a new discipline—cultural genomics—as a complex approach for studying the interrelation between genomic data and culture and the impact of culture on genomic evolution in human history. It analyzes three basic components of cultural genomics—archaeology, genealogy, and genomics. The author explores the classifications of archaeology and genealogy as traditional disciplines and tests their peculiarities against the limitations and delimitations of genomics to resolve the problems of human origin and historical demography. The main thesis in the book is that cultural genomics as a complex discipline has been changing the dynamics of exploring the human cultural identity in revolutionary ways and the problems of personal origin and lineage. Additionally, this book analyzes the evolution of human civilization and its requirement for close integration of genomics, archaeology, genetic genealogy, traditional genealogy, and other related social and cultural disciplines.
Cultural identity is the basic constructor of the progress of human civilization. Cultural genomics allows researchers to personalize human history and embed new parameters of identity from the perspective of origin. However, the success of the scholarly results depends on how well genomics is blended with related branches of the science of humanity to produce quality results. Many topics of cultural identity still dwell only in the domain of traditional archaeology and genealogy, although genomics has expanded the opportunity to learn not only how cultural identity evolved, but also to create platforms of global networks of interrelatedness that have no analogies in the previous human scholarly experience.
The innovative scholarly problems that the author addresses and the general attempt to constitute cultural genomics as a leading complex discipline of human cultural identity in the 21st century connect the book to the interests of the global scholarly community and all who are interested in cultural identity, genomic archaeology, genetic genealogy, and human origin as well as the evolution of human civilization. The author of this study, Dr. Lolita Nikolova, is a globally renowned scientist who has conducted an in-depth and complex original research; she uniquely combines expertise in the fields of prehistoric archaeology, genealogy, and cultural genomics.
and lineages by discovering close or distant genetic matches (CGM and DGM) (“cousins”) and producing models of ancient origin (“ethnicity”)
based on individual data. The role of genetic data varies, as does the way it has been used at different levels of research. Close and distant genetic
matches (CGM & DGM) have been discovered based on comparing the quantity and character of matching centimorgans. While close relatives
recognized as such by the high percentage of shared centimorgans can be cousins / uncles / aunts, distant genetic matches described as 4
th
-
8
th
“cousins” are defined based on small quantity of centimorgans matches, a scenario which may have different explanations.
To determine ancient origin (“ethnicity”), a researcher must compare thousands of data to locate the origins of the tested individuals in
numerous regions throughout the world. The methodology is still not well developed and explained, so this work analyzes genetic origin as a
scientific problem instead. The foundation of the genetic origin search incorporates results from individual DNA testing, most popular of which
are ancestry.com [1], 23 & Me [2], Family Tree DNA & Helix [3,4]. The theoretical background is analyzed in scientific literature [5-10] or in
numerous websites of social media [10]
Cultural genomics is a new complex discipline for studying population and individual origin that integrates genetics, archaeology, genealogy, and other related fields. Its goal is to critically analyze genetic data through the lens of diachronic cultural contexts with the objective of revealing the limitation and delimitation inherent in the exploration of genetic origin.
The combination of genetic, genealogical, and archaeological data provides a relatively comprehensive base for a scientific approach to the problems of population and individual origin in the Balkans. The Balkans can be divided into three main overlapping cultural-historical regions: western Balkans, southern Balkans, and northern Balkans. For the time being, the western Balkans region offers the most extensive genealogical pedigrees of the local population going back to the 16th century. Genetic data connect many western and eastern Balkan individual origins and show the highly complex demographic dynamics of the inner migrations of individuals and lineages.
Archaeological data supply the science with a cultural context and ancient DNA evidence. The latter are general and do not provide very specific conclusions, although in combination with genealogical data and DNA tests conducted on the living population, they expand the hypothesis of the demographic dynamics of the Balkan population historically going back to the earliest prehistoric communities for which genetic data is available. The prospective-retrospective methodology allows the later complex data to be used as a control matrix for the earlier ancient DNA evidence.
The works critically evaluates the scientific value of the information from commercial DNA tests and genetic research and offers a methodology of the critical use of this evidence for scientific purposes.
The literature review shows that before this dissertation project, an academic curriculum was missing even as the interest in genetic genealogy has tremendously increased. The research embeds the newest genomic and genetic theories, results of selected population genetics studies, and results of my own research on a small DNA-tested sample of a diverse population (interviews, surveys, and DNA tests of participants).
The main themes of the curriculum allow for the development of a framework that includes only specific branches of genetics related to genealogy. This dissertation provides an academic path to genetic genealogy as a complex emerging science with specific recommendations to DNA labs and to the researchers. The evolution of genetic genealogy also requires prompt updates, so the work also serves as a guide to the main sources for updated knowledge on genetic genealogy. Further research is recommended for revealing more gaps in the genetic studies and for advancement of the modules.
The brief answer to the research question is: Genetic genealogy requires complex, interdisciplinary research and the ability of the teachers to understand the main intersecting branches—genomics, cultural genomics, traditional genealogy, archaeology, and health studies, in particular.
complete genealogy research. Genealogy intersects with technology, as well, but it is also very close to art. On the whole, genealogy recreates a valuable culture that connects generations and people all over the world. The blooming of genetic genealogy allows people to find lineages to which they belong even if they have never known the identity of their parents. The second part of this work uses a case study to analyze the records about the earliest 19th-century Bulgarian immigrants in the US using ancestry.com for a scientific analysis and as a database
with billions of vital records. The analysis of the data showed the research of the immigration in a given time span requires using as primary information not the passenger lists, but all possible vital records that contain direct and indirect information. The scientific analysis focused on the peculiarities in studying the 19th century immigration of Bulgarians in the US in particular, the incorrect documentation of the place of origin (Bulgaria instead of Bavaria or Belgium, for instance) and other challenging research problems. It was interesting in the course of the analysis of Massachusetts data about Bulgarians to recognize that
American vital records may include some early cases of adoption of Bulgarian children. This discovery requires more detailed critical analysis.
Most popular: law anthropology by Lolita Nikolova
This edited volume brings together researchers in the field of Circumpontic archaeology from the Neolithic to the Iron Age period. The content of the volume is offered to students and scholars who seek a deeper understanding of the prehistory of the Western Pontic region, in particular the Balkans in their Eurasian context and more broadly to enhance the scholarly collections of academic, educational, public and private libraries throughout the world. De Gruyter Open. 356 p.
physical anthropology, cultural anthropology, history, sociology, health sciences, and other fields in the humanities. Study of this branch points out the absence of traditions, including genetic genealogy, in the
academic campus curricula. At the same time, an integral component of genetic genealogy is population genetics, which is a basic academic subject.
This research review assesses three types of curricula: curricula for genetic genealogy courses, curricula for population genetics courses, and curricula for general (integrative) genealogy. The description of the second and third types focuses on how they relate to the curriculum for genetic genealogy courses. In addition, many other resources for curricula are analyzed, since numerous publications and websites offer important learning tools and embed elements of academic curricula.
This monograph presents a new discipline—cultural genomics—as a complex approach for studying the interrelation between genomic data and culture and the impact of culture on genomic evolution in human history. It analyzes three basic components of cultural genomics—archaeology, genealogy, and genomics. The author explores the classifications of archaeology and genealogy as traditional disciplines and tests their peculiarities against the limitations and delimitations of genomics to resolve the problems of human origin and historical demography. The main thesis in the book is that cultural genomics as a complex discipline has been changing the dynamics of exploring the human cultural identity in revolutionary ways and the problems of personal origin and lineage. Additionally, this book analyzes the evolution of human civilization and its requirement for close integration of genomics, archaeology, genetic genealogy, traditional genealogy, and other related social and cultural disciplines.
Cultural identity is the basic constructor of the progress of human civilization. Cultural genomics allows researchers to personalize human history and embed new parameters of identity from the perspective of origin. However, the success of the scholarly results depends on how well genomics is blended with related branches of the science of humanity to produce quality results. Many topics of cultural identity still dwell only in the domain of traditional archaeology and genealogy, although genomics has expanded the opportunity to learn not only how cultural identity evolved, but also to create platforms of global networks of interrelatedness that have no analogies in the previous human scholarly experience.
The innovative scholarly problems that the author addresses and the general attempt to constitute cultural genomics as a leading complex discipline of human cultural identity in the 21st century connect the book to the interests of the global scholarly community and all who are interested in cultural identity, genomic archaeology, genetic genealogy, and human origin as well as the evolution of human civilization. The author of this study, Dr. Lolita Nikolova, is a globally renowned scientist who has conducted an in-depth and complex original research; she uniquely combines expertise in the fields of prehistoric archaeology, genealogy, and cultural genomics.
and lineages by discovering close or distant genetic matches (CGM and DGM) (“cousins”) and producing models of ancient origin (“ethnicity”)
based on individual data. The role of genetic data varies, as does the way it has been used at different levels of research. Close and distant genetic
matches (CGM & DGM) have been discovered based on comparing the quantity and character of matching centimorgans. While close relatives
recognized as such by the high percentage of shared centimorgans can be cousins / uncles / aunts, distant genetic matches described as 4
th
-
8
th
“cousins” are defined based on small quantity of centimorgans matches, a scenario which may have different explanations.
To determine ancient origin (“ethnicity”), a researcher must compare thousands of data to locate the origins of the tested individuals in
numerous regions throughout the world. The methodology is still not well developed and explained, so this work analyzes genetic origin as a
scientific problem instead. The foundation of the genetic origin search incorporates results from individual DNA testing, most popular of which
are ancestry.com [1], 23 & Me [2], Family Tree DNA & Helix [3,4]. The theoretical background is analyzed in scientific literature [5-10] or in
numerous websites of social media [10]
Cultural genomics is a new complex discipline for studying population and individual origin that integrates genetics, archaeology, genealogy, and other related fields. Its goal is to critically analyze genetic data through the lens of diachronic cultural contexts with the objective of revealing the limitation and delimitation inherent in the exploration of genetic origin.
The combination of genetic, genealogical, and archaeological data provides a relatively comprehensive base for a scientific approach to the problems of population and individual origin in the Balkans. The Balkans can be divided into three main overlapping cultural-historical regions: western Balkans, southern Balkans, and northern Balkans. For the time being, the western Balkans region offers the most extensive genealogical pedigrees of the local population going back to the 16th century. Genetic data connect many western and eastern Balkan individual origins and show the highly complex demographic dynamics of the inner migrations of individuals and lineages.
Archaeological data supply the science with a cultural context and ancient DNA evidence. The latter are general and do not provide very specific conclusions, although in combination with genealogical data and DNA tests conducted on the living population, they expand the hypothesis of the demographic dynamics of the Balkan population historically going back to the earliest prehistoric communities for which genetic data is available. The prospective-retrospective methodology allows the later complex data to be used as a control matrix for the earlier ancient DNA evidence.
The works critically evaluates the scientific value of the information from commercial DNA tests and genetic research and offers a methodology of the critical use of this evidence for scientific purposes.
The literature review shows that before this dissertation project, an academic curriculum was missing even as the interest in genetic genealogy has tremendously increased. The research embeds the newest genomic and genetic theories, results of selected population genetics studies, and results of my own research on a small DNA-tested sample of a diverse population (interviews, surveys, and DNA tests of participants).
The main themes of the curriculum allow for the development of a framework that includes only specific branches of genetics related to genealogy. This dissertation provides an academic path to genetic genealogy as a complex emerging science with specific recommendations to DNA labs and to the researchers. The evolution of genetic genealogy also requires prompt updates, so the work also serves as a guide to the main sources for updated knowledge on genetic genealogy. Further research is recommended for revealing more gaps in the genetic studies and for advancement of the modules.
The brief answer to the research question is: Genetic genealogy requires complex, interdisciplinary research and the ability of the teachers to understand the main intersecting branches—genomics, cultural genomics, traditional genealogy, archaeology, and health studies, in particular.
complete genealogy research. Genealogy intersects with technology, as well, but it is also very close to art. On the whole, genealogy recreates a valuable culture that connects generations and people all over the world. The blooming of genetic genealogy allows people to find lineages to which they belong even if they have never known the identity of their parents. The second part of this work uses a case study to analyze the records about the earliest 19th-century Bulgarian immigrants in the US using ancestry.com for a scientific analysis and as a database
with billions of vital records. The analysis of the data showed the research of the immigration in a given time span requires using as primary information not the passenger lists, but all possible vital records that contain direct and indirect information. The scientific analysis focused on the peculiarities in studying the 19th century immigration of Bulgarians in the US in particular, the incorrect documentation of the place of origin (Bulgaria instead of Bavaria or Belgium, for instance) and other challenging research problems. It was interesting in the course of the analysis of Massachusetts data about Bulgarians to recognize that
American vital records may include some early cases of adoption of Bulgarian children. This discovery requires more detailed critical analysis.
which economic and social structures expressed variants of pre-state political structures, named in the specialized literature
tribes and chiefdoms. In this work new arguments will be added to the chiefdom model of third millennium cal BC societies of
Yunatsite culture in the Central Balkans from the perspectives of the interrelations between Dubene (south central Bulgaria)
and Troy (northwest Turkey) wealth expression.
Possible explanations of the similarity in the wealth expression between Troy and Yunatsite chiefdoms is the direct interaction
between the political elite. However, the golden and silver objects in the third millennium cal BCE in the Eastern
Mediterranean are most of all an expression of economic wealth. This is the biggest difference between the early state and
chiefdoms in the third millennium cal BCE in Eurasia and Africa. The literacy and the wealth expression in the early states
was politically centralized, while the absence of literacy and wider distribution of the wealth expression in the chiefdoms of
the eastern Mediterranean are indicators, that wider distribution of wealth and the existed stable subsistence layers prevented
the formation of states and the need to regulate the political systems through literacy
Prehistoric genealogy is such virgin soil because of the absence of direct literary records, although DNA-based prehistoric archaeology is blossoming. However, just thinking of genealogy as a powerful cultural construct in Prehistory, our understanding of the past enormously enriches, and aids the in-depth study of, many prehistoric phenomena. In other words, the research question would be: Was genealogy a powerful cultural construct in Prehistory?
Based on the existed data four levels of social complexity are projected from the perspective of the wealth:
1. Level of reproduction of subsistence only;
2. Level of accumulation of wealth;
3. Level of reproduction of wealth and possible increase of surplus;
4. Level of treasuring of wealth.
Reproduction and treasuring of wealth mean any valuable material product/object, which is beyond the level of subsistence. This study is offered to stimulate future critical research in similar or alternative directions. The author reserves the right to make updates and appreciates critical comments and suggestions.
Keywords: Balkans, Prehistory, Wealth, Accumulation, Treasuring, Social Structure
Keywords: prehistory, health, enculturation, sustainable materials, medicinal plants.
Keywords: prehistory, social status, Balkan prehistory, health, anthropological theory
Keywords: Balkans, Anatolia, Central Europe, North-Pontic Region, Bronze Age, wealth, interactions, migration, Yunatsite culture, Dubene-Sarovka IIA, Baden Culture Complex, Cernavoda III.
It is important publication for prehistory, since the found bronze flange axe was made by lead bronze. Also, the shape is typical of Central Europe, while Dubene-Sarovka is in South Bulgaria. Lead bronze is a technology anchored to the Aegean in the Early Bronze Age. Accordingly, we have interactions from different directions which had been materialized in the find.
Dubene-Sarovka was excavated by the author in 1992-2000. The site provided important data on Early Bronze Age in the Balkans.
This article analyzes the function of symbolism in Balkan prehistory in which the Balkan prehistoric society was dominated by households at different levels of organization and interrelations the basic organization structural levels were the household and village community. Spindle whorls and ornamented pottery have been included in the analysis. The article also proposes that in some cases the invisibility was very significant for the function of the symbols.
In early 21st century because of the multi-aspect terrorism all people have one and the same social status from perspectives of security – insecure social status. The scientists from all branches may help to change the situation by development a knowledge on terrorism which help to prevent it. Terrorism is like most dangerous social disease and needs a special attention,
This article approaches archaeology of terrorism as an actual topic and develops a strategy in studying the terrorism from archaeological perspectives to have strong positive social impact on society.
Society is a live system in which act real people with different goals and ideals. The people can improve but also devolve the human achievements.
Academic leadership is a key construct of tendencies in social life which are based on a leadership power. However, in the social practices of the academic leadership there are many elements of emotional bullying which devolve society. The article analyses some of the forms of academic bullying and proposes model to invert the devolutionary aspects of the academic system into evolutional. Physical and emotional bullying are two sides of one and the same coin of social harassment which should be avoided as behavior and punished when happens in society.
ancient medicine, is a good luck for the whole global medical anthropology. Comsa's book is available at http://www.elefant.ro
Trephination
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Unfortunately, instead revealing the truth about the communist dictatorship, Kristen Ghodesee mythologizes the past of Bulgaria. Published in 2014 work shows absence of scholarly abilities and knowledge of research design, as well an arrogant personality, which substitutes science with expressive contemporary mythologies in wordy anti-scientific style. The author neither knows in depth the Bulgarian communist dictatorship nor knows what science is, referring to periodicals as primary records, for instance. But even if she attempts to refer to secondary records, she cannot understand its meaning and cannot provide correct interpretation. Last but not least,
Ghodesee comically has also applied theoretical models which absolutely do not work for Bulgaria. This fact also confirms that she does not have any idea of the period she was writing about.
Bulgarian communist dictatorship needs serious scientists with a solid education in research of dictatorships, which usually have been masked and require huge talent, knowledge and absolutely honest moral personality.
Ghodesee’s parody of writing on foreign country infers that we need to call for competent culture in science. While in the court if somebody is incompetent, he/she cannot stand trial, it looks in science incompetent writers even can publish articles and pass presumed peer reviewers.
Competent culture in science is the most important factor of reacademization since today many positions at the universities have been occupied because of corruption and connection, not because of the abilities of the professors.
Updated: Jan 17, 2015. Kristen Ghodesee has published a book in 2015 which prologue shows that she neither has even elementary historical education nor elementary knowledge how to understand the past as a scientist. She looks like a political communist activist who through false statement and myths has been trying to cover the truth about the Bulgarian communists between the WW1 and WW2 who was of terrorist anti-humanistic type as servers of the instructions of Moscow. The book is named "The left side of the history". There is no left and right sides in history. There is only one history, but this pseudo-scholar author obviously has a fake academic background. She wrote " Communism may be making a bit of a comeback
in Europe, but it is also the case that some political elites are working harder than ever to stop it by blackwashing its history" (Ghodesee, 2015: XVIII-XVIX). Isn't it in fact she who has been writing mythologies trying to cover the truth about the communism in Bulgaria - most devastating and damaging national identity ideology in Bulgarian history? The book is a typical instance of the cognitive terrorism in early 21st century when through fake argument a non-well educated author terrorize the world with fake book.
Reference:
Ghodsee, K. (2015). The Left Side of History. Dutham and London: Duke University Press.
Estratto dei registri degli atti di morte di cholera are important for genealogy research, since they include all the information which typically exists in the death registration, including the place of birth, age, the name of the spouse, the names of the parents, and the residence address.
The 1999 telephone book for Veliko Turnovo and the region around provides 383 names of residents of the village of Alekovo, Svishtov Municipality, Veliko Turnovo District. The old name of Alekovo is Akchayar, founded by “cherkezi”. Most of the documented names are Bulgarian. There are 8 households with Turkish names.
3 types of last names were distinguished based on how popular they are in the Bulgarian traditions. Rare names were revealed which are important in area genealogy search (Dimitonov, Kotulov, Parizhkov, etc.). The data have been also linked with an immigration record about Jordan Simeonoff from 1953.
The class or categories in any classification may be based on morphological, functional, technological, symbolic or other relationship. All bowls can be included in one category based on morphological and functional relationship. All symbols of sun can be included in a category based on symbolic and iconographic relationship. Another approach would be developing a criteria for categories, so all symbols of sun would be in different categories within one classification system.
M. P. Feldman and P. Desrochers wrote in 2003 an article on John Hopkins University, one of the leading American private universities found in 1876. Its topic is how John Hopkins University historically interacted with the local economic development (technology transfer). It is a very actual theme for the current strategic goals of research universities since closer integration with the external stakeholders and increasing of the economic impact on society is a primary direction of advance and growth. The history of John Hopkins University is an explanation model to understand the peculiarities of interaction between academic culture, state and federal policy and the general social context of the academic education since later 19th century. It also helps to have a strong historical perspective on the analysis of the current academic cultures and policies and their impact on society.
Monthly assessment of all leaders needs to include the character of the communication with the external and internal stakeholders and how this communication serves the goal of amalgamation of diversity, multiculturism, gender and race in the higher education.
The public transport meet people who do not know each other. The ethics and politeness between unknown men and women is part of the general big picture of He and She as two different worlds which cross to respect each other and to make the life pleasurable.
The classification of the artifacts varies. Components of any classification are the material of the artifact, morphology, stylistic peculiarities, and function.
Artifact as a basic constructor of archaeology as a science crosses the latter with important other fields of research of human culture – architecture, theory and history of art, ethnography, cultural anthropology, etc.
There is a special branch of sociology – sociology of celebrities which has been attempting to find the social place of celebrities in society, with a tendency of advance in the research toward empirically grounded and meaning-oriented research (Ferris, 2007. In this article the celebrities are analyzed from the perspectives of objectivization of the personality and the interrelation between the wealth and humanity.
The work by Donna E. Alvermann is important for education research, since she understands school as part of broader system - culture and society in general. The author recalls that there is no consensus what is the best practice as a model for school changes, and embracing the cultural construct as way to think about school. In 2014 it can be added many reasons for the struggling tendency of the teens toward academic literacy - the video games are among the main factors which deform the teen's brain, for instance; then, the culture of education becomes really equally to the culture of living standards not only for the adolescents , but for all ages.
• Pose a significant, important question that can be
investigated empirically and that contributes to the
knowledge base
• Test questions that are linked to relevant theory
• Apply methods that best address the research questions of interest
• Base research on clear chains of inferential reasoning supported and justified by a complete coverage of the relevant literature
• Provide the necessary information to reproduce or replicate the study
• Ensure the study design, methods, and procedures are sufficiently transparent and ensure an independent, balanced, and objective approach to the research
• Provide sufficient description of the sample, the intervention, and any comparison groups
• Use appropriate and reliable conceptualization and
measurement of variables
• Evaluate alternative explanations for any findings
• Assess the possible impact of systematic bias
• Submit research to a peer-review process
• Adhere to quality standards for reporting (i.e., clear, cogent, complete)
For the archaeologists who did not know him personally, his name is a name of ever-the top archaeologist. The archaeologist who knew him, keep his name in their minds as a parameter of valuable archaeology which today is easier to achieve especially from the perspectives of the huge exchange networks such as academia.edu and Research Gate.
W. Osborne's article is a precious pearl in early 21st century literature on Tree of life. He uses written records and iconography to reveal two aspects of the anthropomorphic symbolism of tree of life. Many prehistorians will find in this article new directions of interpretation of the prehistoric art from the perspectives of the global concept of Tree of life.
The talk shows how the materially has been embracing as a cultural construct based on a regional analysis.
Also, the global serious researchers on prehistory know that most difficult part is to connect the different regions. The article by G. J. Stein connects South Mesopotamia with North and Eastern Anatolia to study the archaeological material as a source for an analysis of the level of social complexity. This is very significant connection for the Eurasian researchers, especially for those who study the genesis of the Early Bronze Age in Eurasia.
Stein has a chronological table but probably in future will explain why LC4 and LCS are Chalcolithic and not at least partially Early Bronze Age. The fourth millennium cal BCE in Eurasia is generally the end of Copper Age and the genesis of Bronze Age in central Eurasia with different lower borders for beginning and abt 3000 cal BCE (the beginning of Troy I) as the end of the period.
The second problem is whether in future we need to keep the term complex society as a basic scientific term with specific contents or we need a new terminology. In fact each society is complex. Stein refers to the so-called social inequality – a term that we need to forget if we want to move the science ahead. Social inequality means nothing even if there is a law which gives some privileges of some. The inequality is an abstract term – do we write about social formalized privileges, law-gaps which allow rich gangs, or about societal elite members who become wealth thanks to their talent, hard work, and abilities? Should we put all these categories in one abstract term to look like the past Marxists whose role was more to make science dark for truth and wiseness? In fact the so-called social inequality exists as biological even between the different genders – male and women who are physically unequal. So, the social inequality cannot be a marker of complexity as a specific category, since it is natural together with complex society. Society can be very simple but with high difference according to wealth – so many examples in Africa! Dictatorship also simplifies society, although wealth creates big differences.
G. J. Good term looks formalized leadership, but where there is a political centralization, social hierarchy (based on wealth and social position) and the so-called economic stratification, we may need to think about state or chiefdom. In other words, every society is complex (although in different way), but it has different political structure (the classic hierarchy would be band, tribe, chiefdom and state).
The figurines on Fig 2 will make some specialists acknowledge that the mobile and semi-mobile communities of Chernavoda I Cernavoda III have at least typological similarities with distance cultures to southeast. At it is well known, the Balkan/Pontic – Anatolian/Mesopotamia relationships in the 5th – 4th millennium still need advance in the research.
Stein writes on p. 135: “Mortuary evidence suggests the emergence of hereditary elite social status in the LC2. If correctly dated, the burials and “libn” tombs at Gawra indicate the presence of wealthy elites – including children whose rich grave goods suggest inherited high status.” From theoretical perspectives the statement is partially true:1. So many examples show that rich children’s burials may result in the fact that the family buried lovely child and the gifts expressed this love without being a real indicator of the family’s wealth; 2. Wealth does not equal elite. As in the contemporary world, in prehistory accumulation of wealth was a private matter or related to specific political system. The term elite in social science would mean either a moral category or a status category. If we accept the status interpretation, obviously in human society not every rich had high social/political status – the typical instance is Vassil Bozhkov who is known as the Skull, as well as the Italian and current Eastern European Mafia. They may attempt to get high social status, but any public attempt creates a wall of social negative response, since the social status is a moral value and obtaining high social status based on wealth is not a privilege of everyone. There is no reason to believe in Prehistory was different. There were many rich people (probably more than today) but only some of them attempted elite social status as a leadership or political status, and some might have attempted but never got it. So, we don’t need to idealize prehistory especially when there are no written records. Most importantly, high social/political status does not require wealth in human society.
L.N.
1. The first two editors of the post-graduate publication, Maria Gurova (listed as main editor) and Tatiana Stefanova do not have any published monograph. However, in science the continuity is based on personal example. To the absence of significant background to be editors, it can be added one more paradox of culture: Tatiana Stefanova is a failed post-graduate students who was hired at the Archaeological Institute for unknown reasons and in unknown way by Vasil Nikolov. Social media also documents the Maria Gurova's behavior.
This is typical continuity in science in Bulgarian coming from the traditions of the communist dictatorship when not professionalism, but the connections/non-scientific reasons work only, resulting in a devolution and corruption of science and culture.
2. The volume has been attempting to make the smooth bridge between the communist regime archaeology and post-1989 which results in a series of authors' failures: continuing of the communist tradition to replicate science instead producing science; publication of new material in a popular way although in a scholarly journal, and absence of a strong critical view on science, in particular.
3. As a rule, in such volumes, identical to the works which served the communist regime in past (making servers of the regime authors), usually there are few better works, which however do not make the global archaeology not to conclude that obviously because of inner corrupted leadership structure, the crisis of Bulgarian archaeology has been going deeper and deeper.
The work by Stoyan Dechev on the old Bulgarian fountains is in a typical ethnographic method, but touches contemporary archaeology. The work by Milena Mitova et al. on the microbial intervention of the Magura Cave's rock painting reports good results.
Can the reader find the above basic methodology in the most recent article by Chapman et al.? Unfortunately, not. The text discusses unknown evidence or evidence described in way not to be verified or/and used as a productive record for scientific research.
A complex of reasons also requires especially the J. Chapman's articles to have clear description of the specific contribution of each listed author in the publication.
More Info: 18 papers on topics regarding the Neolithization process in the Balkans
Publisher: Centralgrafica, Trieste
Publication Date: Jul 30, 2007
Publication Name: Società per la Preistoria e Protostoria della Regione Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Quaderno 12. Trieste.
Conference End Date: Jun 22, 2005
Conference Start Date: Jun 20, 2005