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Democracy and Militarization in Developing Countries: A Panel Vector Autoregressive Analysis

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  • Sajjad F. Dizaji
  • Mohammad Reza Farzanegan

Abstract

This study examines the dynamic relationship between democracy and the military in more than 40 developing countries from 1990 to 2017. We investigate the dynamic interaction between democracy and military institutions using a panel vector autoregressive model and impulse response functions as well as variance decomposition analyses. We show that democracy plays a significant role in the substitution of nonmilitary expenditures for defense expenditures. We also investigate the response of democracy to positive shocks in military and nonmilitary expenditures. We find that the responses of political systems and different indexes of democracy including electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, and egalitarian democracy to positive shocks in military expenditures are negative and significant, whereas their responses to the shocks in nonmilitary expenditures are not significant. This result suggests that the political behavior of governments in developing countries is influenced more heavily by their spending on the military sector than by their spending on the nonmilitary sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Sajjad F. Dizaji & Mohammad Reza Farzanegan, 2023. "Democracy and Militarization in Developing Countries: A Panel Vector Autoregressive Analysis," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(3), pages 272-292, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:defpea:v:34:y:2023:i:3:p:272-292
    DOI: 10.1080/10242694.2021.1957191
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    Cited by:

    1. Rui Yang & Xin An & Yingwen Chen & Xiuli Yang, 2023. "The Knowledge Analysis of Panel Vector Autoregression: A Systematic Review," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, December.
    2. Dizaji, Sajjad Faraji & Murshed, Syed Mansoob, 2024. "External arms embargoes and their implications for government expenditure, democracy and internal conflict," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).

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