Körperlich oder geistig beeinträchtigte Menschen gehören häufig zu den ärmsten Bevölkerungsgruppe... more Körperlich oder geistig beeinträchtigte Menschen gehören häufig zu den ärmsten Bevölkerungsgruppen. Laut UN-Entwicklungsprogramm (UNDP) leben 80 Prozent der Menschen mit Behinderungen in "Entwicklungsländern". Die Weltbank geht davon aus, dass 20 Prozent der ärmsten Menschen dieser Welt in irgendeiner Weise behindert sind und in ihren Gemeinden tendenziell als besonders benachteiligt angesehen werden.
by WHO/UNESCAP is also conducted (Ericta [2005] and Tia [2006]). This performs reviews the disabi... more by WHO/UNESCAP is also conducted (Ericta [2005] and Tia [2006]). This performs reviews the disability surveys in the Philippines with the motion of WHO's Disability Survey (ICF), NCHS's Washington 'city' group, etc. WHO/UNESCAP conducted pilot survey at five barangays in Quezon city and Pampanga in 2005 in the case of Philippine National census. It has totally 1,057 respondents 615 females and 415 males, total 345 households), and asked the question about age, employment situations, and functional limitations, and it was near by livelihood survey. 3 NCCDP was established by President Marcos as an organization which will draw up and carry out the national rehabilitation plan in 1978 (Presidential Decree No.1509). Then, the Aquino administration reorganize it as NCWDP (National Council for the Welfare of Disabled persons in 1986(Executive Order 232). By President Arroyo in further 2008 (Presidential Executive Order No.709), It is renamed as an organization President under the direct control with NCDA (National Council on Disability Affairs). 4 NSO also carried out the pilot census of Disability 5 The reason for the high disability ratio in the island is considered to be mainly caused by the high ratio of visual-impairment and the result of the population census in 2000 showed that
How do persons with disabilities (PWDs) earn a living? This question is more critical in developi... more How do persons with disabilities (PWDs) earn a living? This question is more critical in developing countries from the view point of poverty reduction of PWDs. This paper investigates economic activities of PWDs in the Philippines where disability‐related legislation is relatively progressive among developing countries. A field survey was conducted in cooperation with Disability People’s Organizations (DPOs) with a tailor‐made questionnaire in four representative cities in Metro Manila in August 2008. The level of income and education of PWDs and determinants of them are examined with the Mincer regression. Main conclusions of this study are: (1) both the incidence and depth of poverty are greater among sample PWDs than that of total population in Metro Manila; (2) strong association between education and income and solid heredity of low level of education to a PWD from her/his father; (3) female PWDs are likely to be educated less than male PWDs after taking the endogeneity between...
How do persons with disabilities (PWDs) earn a living? From the view point of poverty reduction, ... more How do persons with disabilities (PWDs) earn a living? From the view point of poverty reduction, this question is quite critical in developing countries. This paper presents an investigation of economic activities of PWDs in the Philippines where, among developing countries, disability-related legislation is relatively progressive. In 2008, a field survey was conducted in cooperation with Disability People’s Organizations (DPOs) using a tailor-made questionnaire in four representative cities of Metro Manila. The level and determinants of income of PWDs were examined with Mincer regression. Conclusions are as follows: (1) The incidence and depth of poverty are greater among sample PWDs than that of the total population in Metro Manila. (2) There is remarkable income disparity among PWDs which is associated with education and sex. (3) After controlling individual, parental, and environmental characteristics, it was found that female PWDs are likely to earn less than male PWDs due to f...
How do persons with disabilities (PWDs) earn a living? This question is more critical in developi... more How do persons with disabilities (PWDs) earn a living? This question is more critical in developing countries from the view point of poverty reduction of PWDs. This paper investigates economic activities of PWDs in the Philippines where disability‐related legislation is relatively progressive among developing countries. A field survey was conducted in cooperation with Disability People's Organizations (DPOs) with a tailor‐made questionnaire in four representative cities in Metro Manila in August 2008. The level of income and education of PWDs and determinants of them are examined with the Mincer regression. Main conclusions of this study are: (1) both the incidence and depth of poverty are greater among sample PWDs than that of total population in Metro Manila; (2) strong association between education and income and solid heredity of low level of education to a PWD from her/his father; (3) female PWDs are likely to be educated less than male PWDs after taking the endogeneity bet...
Main conclusions are the followings: (1) the incidence of poverty is higher among sample PWDs tha... more Main conclusions are the followings: (1) the incidence of poverty is higher among sample PWDs than that of total population in Metro Manila; (2) the depth of poverty is greater among sample PWDs, too; (3) female PWDs are less privileged than male PWDs with the same level of education, age, marital status and sort of disability; and (4) large variations among PWDs in income and level of education. In other words, while there are some PWDs who made a great achievement in business and life, a substantial number of PWDs have very low monetary income with low level of education.
Finding measurements to collect in order to assess the rights and livelihood of persons with disa... more Finding measurements to collect in order to assess the rights and livelihood of persons with disabilities is an urgent challenge that needs be addressed to further “disability and development”. The Institute of Developing Economies (IDE) and the Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) jointly conducted a field survey of persons with disabilities (PWDs) living in Metro Manila, Philippines, in 2008. Referring to lessons drawn from the survey, the authors discuss what data and indicators should be collected. Additional measurements are proposed, supplementing those in a seminal paper, Rapley [2007]. The main point of the proposal is to suggest some process-oriented measures reflecting the Biwako Millennium Framework in addition to the result-based measures in line with the Millennium Development Goals. Our suggestion is to add indices in the following five areas: 1) accessibility for PWDs, 2) disabled people’s organizations, 3) education, 4) employment, and 5) participation...
Part 1. Circumstances of Persons with Disabilities in Developing Countries 1. Disability and Deve... more Part 1. Circumstances of Persons with Disabilities in Developing Countries 1. Disability and Development in the International Context, Soya Mori 2. Legal and Institutional Circumstances of Persons in Disabilities in the Philippines, Celia Reyes, Aubrey Tabuga and Christian Mina Part 2. Statistical Exploration of the Livelihood of Persons with Disabilities 3. Background of the Field Survey in Metro Manila, Jose Ramon Albert, Celia Reyes, Aubrey Tabuga and Christian Mina 4. Livelihood, Tatsufumi Yamagata 4. Access to Education, Celia Reyes 5. Occupation, Christian Mina 7. Policy Outreach, Aubrey Tabuga Part 3. Conclusion 8. Lessons for Other Developing Countries, Soya Mori, Celia Reyes and Tatsufumi Yamagata
Körperlich oder geistig beeinträchtigte Menschen gehören häufig zu den ärmsten Bevölkerungsgruppe... more Körperlich oder geistig beeinträchtigte Menschen gehören häufig zu den ärmsten Bevölkerungsgruppen. Laut UN-Entwicklungsprogramm (UNDP) leben 80 Prozent der Menschen mit Behinderungen in "Entwicklungsländern". Die Weltbank geht davon aus, dass 20 Prozent der ärmsten Menschen dieser Welt in irgendeiner Weise behindert sind und in ihren Gemeinden tendenziell als besonders benachteiligt angesehen werden.
by WHO/UNESCAP is also conducted (Ericta [2005] and Tia [2006]). This performs reviews the disabi... more by WHO/UNESCAP is also conducted (Ericta [2005] and Tia [2006]). This performs reviews the disability surveys in the Philippines with the motion of WHO's Disability Survey (ICF), NCHS's Washington 'city' group, etc. WHO/UNESCAP conducted pilot survey at five barangays in Quezon city and Pampanga in 2005 in the case of Philippine National census. It has totally 1,057 respondents 615 females and 415 males, total 345 households), and asked the question about age, employment situations, and functional limitations, and it was near by livelihood survey. 3 NCCDP was established by President Marcos as an organization which will draw up and carry out the national rehabilitation plan in 1978 (Presidential Decree No.1509). Then, the Aquino administration reorganize it as NCWDP (National Council for the Welfare of Disabled persons in 1986(Executive Order 232). By President Arroyo in further 2008 (Presidential Executive Order No.709), It is renamed as an organization President under the direct control with NCDA (National Council on Disability Affairs). 4 NSO also carried out the pilot census of Disability 5 The reason for the high disability ratio in the island is considered to be mainly caused by the high ratio of visual-impairment and the result of the population census in 2000 showed that
How do persons with disabilities (PWDs) earn a living? This question is more critical in developi... more How do persons with disabilities (PWDs) earn a living? This question is more critical in developing countries from the view point of poverty reduction of PWDs. This paper investigates economic activities of PWDs in the Philippines where disability‐related legislation is relatively progressive among developing countries. A field survey was conducted in cooperation with Disability People’s Organizations (DPOs) with a tailor‐made questionnaire in four representative cities in Metro Manila in August 2008. The level of income and education of PWDs and determinants of them are examined with the Mincer regression. Main conclusions of this study are: (1) both the incidence and depth of poverty are greater among sample PWDs than that of total population in Metro Manila; (2) strong association between education and income and solid heredity of low level of education to a PWD from her/his father; (3) female PWDs are likely to be educated less than male PWDs after taking the endogeneity between...
How do persons with disabilities (PWDs) earn a living? From the view point of poverty reduction, ... more How do persons with disabilities (PWDs) earn a living? From the view point of poverty reduction, this question is quite critical in developing countries. This paper presents an investigation of economic activities of PWDs in the Philippines where, among developing countries, disability-related legislation is relatively progressive. In 2008, a field survey was conducted in cooperation with Disability People’s Organizations (DPOs) using a tailor-made questionnaire in four representative cities of Metro Manila. The level and determinants of income of PWDs were examined with Mincer regression. Conclusions are as follows: (1) The incidence and depth of poverty are greater among sample PWDs than that of the total population in Metro Manila. (2) There is remarkable income disparity among PWDs which is associated with education and sex. (3) After controlling individual, parental, and environmental characteristics, it was found that female PWDs are likely to earn less than male PWDs due to f...
How do persons with disabilities (PWDs) earn a living? This question is more critical in developi... more How do persons with disabilities (PWDs) earn a living? This question is more critical in developing countries from the view point of poverty reduction of PWDs. This paper investigates economic activities of PWDs in the Philippines where disability‐related legislation is relatively progressive among developing countries. A field survey was conducted in cooperation with Disability People's Organizations (DPOs) with a tailor‐made questionnaire in four representative cities in Metro Manila in August 2008. The level of income and education of PWDs and determinants of them are examined with the Mincer regression. Main conclusions of this study are: (1) both the incidence and depth of poverty are greater among sample PWDs than that of total population in Metro Manila; (2) strong association between education and income and solid heredity of low level of education to a PWD from her/his father; (3) female PWDs are likely to be educated less than male PWDs after taking the endogeneity bet...
Main conclusions are the followings: (1) the incidence of poverty is higher among sample PWDs tha... more Main conclusions are the followings: (1) the incidence of poverty is higher among sample PWDs than that of total population in Metro Manila; (2) the depth of poverty is greater among sample PWDs, too; (3) female PWDs are less privileged than male PWDs with the same level of education, age, marital status and sort of disability; and (4) large variations among PWDs in income and level of education. In other words, while there are some PWDs who made a great achievement in business and life, a substantial number of PWDs have very low monetary income with low level of education.
Finding measurements to collect in order to assess the rights and livelihood of persons with disa... more Finding measurements to collect in order to assess the rights and livelihood of persons with disabilities is an urgent challenge that needs be addressed to further “disability and development”. The Institute of Developing Economies (IDE) and the Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) jointly conducted a field survey of persons with disabilities (PWDs) living in Metro Manila, Philippines, in 2008. Referring to lessons drawn from the survey, the authors discuss what data and indicators should be collected. Additional measurements are proposed, supplementing those in a seminal paper, Rapley [2007]. The main point of the proposal is to suggest some process-oriented measures reflecting the Biwako Millennium Framework in addition to the result-based measures in line with the Millennium Development Goals. Our suggestion is to add indices in the following five areas: 1) accessibility for PWDs, 2) disabled people’s organizations, 3) education, 4) employment, and 5) participation...
Part 1. Circumstances of Persons with Disabilities in Developing Countries 1. Disability and Deve... more Part 1. Circumstances of Persons with Disabilities in Developing Countries 1. Disability and Development in the International Context, Soya Mori 2. Legal and Institutional Circumstances of Persons in Disabilities in the Philippines, Celia Reyes, Aubrey Tabuga and Christian Mina Part 2. Statistical Exploration of the Livelihood of Persons with Disabilities 3. Background of the Field Survey in Metro Manila, Jose Ramon Albert, Celia Reyes, Aubrey Tabuga and Christian Mina 4. Livelihood, Tatsufumi Yamagata 4. Access to Education, Celia Reyes 5. Occupation, Christian Mina 7. Policy Outreach, Aubrey Tabuga Part 3. Conclusion 8. Lessons for Other Developing Countries, Soya Mori, Celia Reyes and Tatsufumi Yamagata
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