IL TATA BAHASA

A. Teori Tata Bahasa

1. Noun, Noun Phrase, &Pronouns
Nouns atau kata benda adalah kata yang menyebutkan nama suatu benda
a. Singular & plural nouns (kata benda tunggal dan jamak)
- Countable noun (benda yang bisa dihitung, ada satuannya) seorang... , sebuah... , sebatang...
, sebutir..., etc): wife, line, type, bedroom, car, etc.
- Uncountable nouns (benda yang tidak bisa dihitung, tidak punya satuan ) segelas, seliter.
sehelai, selembar, etc): wine, time, bread, salt, money, sauce, etc.
b. Noun Pluralization (penjamakan kata benda)
- Singular-Plural Nouns: Membuat kata benda tunggal menjadi kata benda jamak dalam kalimat
yang menggunakan 'to be' dalam present tense.
- Ex: A dictionary is a book ) Dictionaries are books
- Noun Pluralization
) Kata benda jamak dibentuk dengan menambahkan -s pada kata benda tunggal (fingers,
brooms)
) Tambahkan --es pada kata benda tunggal yang berakhiran
-o (buffaloes, mangoes, potatoes)
) Tambahkan -s saja pada: dynamos, photos, studios, radios, folios.
) Tambahkan -es pada kata benda tunggal yang berakhir dengan bunyi desis (exercises,
watches, beaches, dishes, patches)
) Tambahkan *es pada kata benda tunggal yang berakhir dengan konsonan*y; -y berubah
menjadi -I (centuries, secretaries, ladies, duties)
) Tambahkan --es pada kata benda tunggal yang berakhir dengan -f; -f berubah menjadi -v:
(leaves, calves, shelves)
- Irregular plural nouns
) Kata benda jamak yang tidak beraturan
A child ) children
A tooth ) teeth
A mouse ) mice
A louse ) lice
Man ) men
Woman ) women, etc
Noun Phrases (frasa benda) adalah suatu frasa dimana kata pokoknya adalah kata benda (:noun)
dengan kata-kata lain yang menerangkan kata benda tersebut. Pembentukan frasa benda
1. Indefinite article + noun : a truck, an examination
2. Definite article + noun (kata sandang + noun) : the ship, the shop, the cars
3' Demonstrative adjective + noun (this, that, these, those): this song, these stories, that poem
4. Possessive adjectives * noun (my, your, her, his, its, our, their): her computei, your ideas.
children's compositions
5. Numerals (kata bilangan, seperti one, two, three, four, etc) * noun: two cars, ten questions
6. Quantitative adjective * noun ( banyaknya suatu benda): some, any, much, many, a lot of, few, a
little, etc ) some marvels, few countries, much wine
- Some dan any : untuk semua benda (singular, plural, countable, uncountable)
- Much ( uncountable noun) dan many (countable noun)
- A lot of: unhrk menerangkan bendajamak (plural noun) dan uncountable noun
- Few (untuk menerangkan plural noun), a little( untuk menerangkan uncountable noun)
7. Qualitative adjective + noun
Qualitative adjective (kata sifat kualtitatif) adalah kata yang menunjukkan sifat atau keadaan suatu
benda, seperti white, large, important, ordinary, etc. kombinasi penggunaan qualitative adjective
yaitu

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- Article+qual. Adjective+noun: a new program
- Numeral+ qual. Adjective* noun: two empty jars
- Possessive adjective+ numeral+ qualitative adjective+ noun= his two good servants
- Article+ numeral+ qual. Adjective*noun= the three old buildings
8. Pembentukan noun phrase dengan "of'
,of digunakan untuk menggabung dua nouns atau noun phrases, dimana noun atau noun phrase
lbagian dari' atau 'milik' noun atau noun phmse di belakang 'of dan
yang di depan merupakan
keseluruhannya membentuk noun phrase baru.
Ex: the roof of the house (ataP rumah
The two short legs of your wooden table (kedua kaki pendek meja kayumu)
Pronouns adalah kata yu.rg -..rggurtikan kata benda (nama orang, hewan, sesuatu, atau yang lainnya)
Pronouns dapat berdiri sebagai objek, subjek, atau pemilik.
Ex: Riska- she
Riska and I- we
You and Riska- ou
Personal Pronouns Possessive Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns
I Mine My self
You Yours Your self-Yourselves
We Ours Ourselves
They Theirs Themselves
He His Him self
She Hers Her self
It Its It self
Pronouns@benfuk)jikakedudukannyaberbedadalamka1imat.
possessive Pronouns adalah kata ganti yang menggantikan pemilik sekaligus dengan sesuatu yang
dimilikinya. Reflexive pronouns digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang mengenai diri sendiri (ex:
She likes to talk about her self) dan digunakan untuk mengeraskan/menguatkan arti dengan
menempatkan kata ganti refleksif langsung dibelakang pokok kalimat (ex: They themselves don't know
about this matter).

2. Either-Or-Neither-Nor& Either-Neither
Neither_No._ digrrakan untuk menunjukkan dari dua pilihan yang ada menunjukkan makna
negatif.
- Neither * noun + nor + plural noun + plural verb atau
- Neither + noun + nor + singular noun + singular verb
Ex: Neither he nor his brothers (P) are going to Singapore next month
Neither he nor his father (S) is going to Singapore next month
Either_Or_ digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa ada satu pilihan dari dua kemungkinan.
- Either + noun * or + plural noun * plural verb atau
- Either + noun + or + singular noun + singular verb
Ex: Either he or his brothers (P) are going to Singapore next month \
Either he or his father (S) is going to Singapore next month
Negative agreement (Either-Neither)
u) lltu dalam kalimat terdapat be (is/am/arelwas/were), be dapat langsung digunakan dalam
pernyataan berikubrYa.
- Negative statement (be) + and + subject + be + not + either
Ex: He is not busy, and she is not either
- Negative statement (be) + and + neither + be + subject
Ex: He is not busY, and neither is she
b) Jika dalam kalimat terdapat modal auxiliary (can, may, must, will, have, etc), modal auxiliary
dapat digunakan dalam pemyataan berikutnya.
- Negative statement + and + subject + modal auxiliary + not+ either
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 Ex: She will not go to Jakarta, and they will not either
- Negative statement + and + neither + modal auxiliary + subject
Ex: She will not go to Jakarta, and neither wilt they
c) Jika dalam kalimat terdapat be atau auxiliary verb (kata bantu kata kerja: do/does/did)
- Negative statement * and * subject + don't/doesn'Vdidn't + either
Ex: His father doesn't work today, and his mother doesn't either
- Negative statement + and + neither + do/does/did + subject
Ex: His father doesn't work today, and neither does his mother (she)

3. Not Only-But also

4. Conjunctions
Conjunctions (kata hubung) adalah kata yang berfungsi untuk menghubungkan kata atau frase dengan
katalfrase lain atau kalimat dengan kalimat lain.
a. Addition/tambahan) and
Sesudah "and" biasanya tidak menggunakan koma. Jika subjek sama maka tidak perlu diulangi.
Ex: My auntie cooks our dinner and serves it.
My auntie cooks our dinner and my uncle serves it
b. Continuation/kelanjutan ) and then
Ex: My auntie cooks our dinner and then serves it
c. Choice/pilihan ) or
Sesudah "or" biasanya tidak menggunakan koma.
Ex: You can sleep in my room or that room
d. Result/akibat ) so
Sesudah "so" subjek kalimat biasanya diulangi.
Ex: She could not get a ticket, so she still stays in Jakarta 3 days
e. ReasorValasan ) for
Sesudah "for" subjek kalimat harus diulang."For" lebih sering digunakan dalam bahasa lisan
tapi tidak bisa digunakan sebagai subjek kalimat.
Ex: I don't go to school, for I must visit to doctor.
f. Contrast/perbedaan ) yetlbut
Ex: He had explained that matter, but/yet she did not understand
"Despite" dan "in spite of' yang berarti meskipun menunjukkan kontradiksi dalam
suatu kalimat atau
klausa dari suatu sebab akibat. Although/ even thoughi though juga memiliki arti meskipun. Namun,
penggunaan despite-in spite of dengan although/ even though/ though berbeda satu sama lain, yaitu
sebagai berikut:
Despite/In spite of+ noun phrase (frase kata benda)
Ex: he went to office despite of the heavy rain
Although/ even though/ though + subject * complement
Ex: he went to office although it rained hard

\ Tenses
1) Present continuous tense
Berfungsi untuk mengungkapkan peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung. Tanda waktu yang digunakan
diantaranya, now- at present- this moment- today- this week- this month- this year- nowadays, etc.
Pattem: Subjek + amlarelis + Vl ing (+)
Subjek +amlarelis * not + Vl ing (-)
2) Simple present tense
Berfungsi untuk mengungkapkan hal yang bersifat kebiasaan dan kebenaran umum. Tanda-tanda
simple present yaitu diikuti oleh kata-kata sebagai berikut; generally-always-usually-often-
sometimes-seldom-never-every-once a month, etc.
Pattem: - subjek + am/arelis * complement (kalimat nominal)

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- Subjek + Verb 1 + s/es/ies (lika subjek she/he/it) ) kalimat verbal (+;
Subjek + do/does * not + Verb 1 ) kalimat verbal (-)
Catatan: subjek I menggunakan am
Subjek she/he/it menggunakan is, have) has
You/we/they menggunakan are
3) Simple future tense
Berfungsi untuk mengungkapkan tindakan atau peristiwa yang akan berlangsung di masa yang akan
datang. Jika dalam bentuk interogatif (pertanyaan) digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu
p"r.intuun halus (request). Tanda keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan yaitu, tonight-
tomorrow- next Friday- next Friday- next week- next month, etc'
Pattern: subjek + will/shall + be + complement (kalimat nominal)
Subjek + will/shall + Verb 1

4) Present perlect tense

Berfungsi untuk mengungkapkan peristiwa yang mulai di waktu lampau yang sudah selesai dr masa
juga
sekarang (peristiwa tun pi, yang masih ada hubungannya dengan waktu sekarang). Selain itu
untuk niengungkapkan iuatu tindakan yang mulai di masa lampau dan pada saat kita berbicara ini
tindakan tersebut selesai atau dianggap selesai (sudah berapa lama tindakan itu berlangsung). Tanda
waktu yang digunakan
Pattern: S + have/has (she/he/it) + been + Compl (Kal. Nominal)
S + have,4ras + Verb 3
Catatan: Have) I/you/we/they
Has ) he/shelit
5)
' Simple past tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa termasuk kebiasaan di waktu lampau. Tanda-tanda waktu
yang biasa digrrnakan yaitu, yesterday, this moming, last night, last week, last year, three days ago,
etc.
Pattem: S + was/were + Complement (Kalimat nominal)
S + Verb 2 ) kalimat verbal (+)
S + did + not + Verb I ) kalimat verbal o
6) Past continuous tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau sewaktu
peristiwa lain terjadi (pada waktu lampau juga)
Pattern: S * was/were + Verb ing (kalimat nominal)
Ex: we were having our dinner when suddenly the lights went out
While he was playing the piano, she was singing a song
When I was passing the kitchen I heard a terrible noise from outside
7) Past perfect tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiw a yalgtelah terjadi atau telah selesai di masa lampau sebelum
perlstiwa lampau lain terjadi. Kebanyakan kalimat dalam tense ini akan berbentuk kalimat
|ertingkat. Anak kalimatnya (sub-clause) berfungsi sebagai keterangan waktu (adverb of time).
Posisilnduk kalimat dan anak kalimat bisa saling dipertukarkan. Peristiwa yang lebih dahulu terjadi
dari yang lainnya harus dalam The Past Perfect Tense (had+V3), sedangkan yang terjadi belakangan
dalam Simple Past Tense (V2). Konjungsi penting dalam kalimat The Past Perfect Tense adalah
'before' (sebelum) dan 'after' (sesudah).
Pattem:S+had+Verb3
8) Future continuous tense (nanti sedang)
Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan peristiwa yang akan sedang berlangsung di u'akru terenru di
masa yang akan datang.
Pattem: S + will + be + Verbl ing
9) Future perfect tense (akan sudah)

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Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan peristiwa yang akan (sudah) selesai pada saat tertentu cli masa
yang akan datang. Bila the adr-erb of time-nya berwujud suatu kalimat, adverb ini dalam The Simpte
Present Tense (karena setelah konjungsi waktu tidak digunakan future tense).
Pattern: S + shall/will + have + v3
I 0) Present perfect continuous tense (sudah.
..)
Digunakan unfuk mengungkapkan peristiwa yang saat ini sudah selesai dan tindakan itu masih akan
berlangsung lagi sesudahnya.
Pattern: S + have/has + been + Ving
1 l) Past perfect continuous tense

Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan peristiwa yang telah terjadi di masa lampau dan tindakan itu
masih akan berlangsung sesudah waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Past perfect continuous
berhubungan erat dengan past continuous tense dan past perfect tense, yakni mengungkapkan suatu
tindakan yang masih akan berlanjut setelah waktu tertentu di masa lampau sebelum terjadi tindakan
lain di masa lampau.
12) Future perfect continuous tense
Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan tindakan yang dianggap sudah selesai di masa yang akan datang
dan diperkirakan tindakan itu masih akan berlangsung lagi. Kalimat dalam future perfect continuous
tense berhubungan erat dengan future perfect tense. Perbedaannya adalah bahwa kalimat dalam
future perfect continuous tense digunakan bila kita membayangkan bahwa tindakan di masa yang
akan datang itu masih akan berlanjut setelah waktu tertentu di masa mendatang yang diungkapkan
itu.
Pattem: S + shall/will * have * been + V1 ing
6. Passive Voice
Passive voice adalah suatu pola kalimat yang menjelaskan posisi subjek yang dikenai
tindakaniperbu atan ol eh objek. Pola kalimat ini lebih menitikberatkan kepada tindakaniperbu atanny a
daripada oleh siapa atau oleh ada tindakan atau perbuatan itu dilakukan.
Bentuk kata keri a Dad dikat kalimat
ao,a oreol lmat Dasl
oasif
Tenses Active Pasif
Simple present tense S+ V-l S+ amlarelis* V-3+by+O
Present continuous tense S+ amiarelis+V-1+ ing S* am being, are being, is beingt" V-
3+ bY+ o I

Present perfect tense S+ have been, has been* V-3+ by +

o
Sinrple past tense S+ V2 S* was/were* V-3+ by+ O
Past continuous tense St tl'asl'\\;efe* V-ing S* was being/were being+ V-3+ by+
o
Past perfect tense S- had-* V3 S+had been* V3+ by+ O
Future continous tense S.- will be+ V1-ing Sfw 1l !. + being+ V3+ by+O
Fr.rrnre perf-ect tense S+ will* have+ V3 S+w been* V3+ by+ O
1l+ have
Pt'e>ent Lrertect continllogs tense S+haveihas been+V-ing S +have/has+b een*being+ V3
Prrst Lrerlict continuous tense S+had+been+V-ing S+had+been+being+f]
Future pertect continuous tense S+shall/wi ll +have+b e en+ S +shall/will+ have+been*b eing+V- 3
V-ing

C omp arisons of Adj ectives/Adverbs

Degrees of comparisons (tingkat-tingkat perbandingan) yaitu cara membandingkan suatu kead aan atau
sifat serta cara.
a. Positive degree
Positive degree yaitu cara mengungkapkan bahwa sesuatu atau seseorang memiliki sifat yang sama
dengan yang lainnya.
Pattern: as+ adjektif/adverb+ as
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Ex: He used to work as hard as his father
b. Comparative degree
Comparative degree yaitu cara mengungkapkan bahwa sesuatu atau seseorang memiliki sifat 'lebih'
... daripada yang lain.
Pattem: adjective+ -erladverb+ -er ... than
Atau more ... adjective/adverb ... than
Ex: in summer, the days are longer than the nights
This meeting is even more boring than the meeting two days ago.
c. Superlative degree
Superlative degree yaitu cara mengungkapkan bahwa sesuatu atau seseorang memiliki sifat 'paling
... di antara yang lain. Superlative degree diungkapkan dengan cara sebagai berikut:
Pattem: the adjective+ -erladverb+ -est ...
The most ... adjective/adverb
Ex: as far as I know, this question is the longest in interviews I have ever experienced.

8. The Use of It
a. Itsebagai kata ganti kedua benda/binatang (pronoun)
Ex: I have a cat, !( a cat) always sleep in my bed
b. Sebagai pendahuluan kalimat (preparatory)
Bila digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan waktu (time), situasi, jarak,
dan hal.
Ex: It is at 5:15 now
It is 5 Km to go to Bank &om here

9. Modals & Modals Perfective

A. Modals
Modals merupakan sekelompok kata bantu kata kerja yang memberikan arti tambahan pada suatu
kalimat dalam mempertajam makna. Penting untuk diingat bahwa modals harus diikuti oleh bare
infinitive (Verb l/be)
Bentuk Modals
Modals Present Modals Past Keterangan
Can Could Menyatakan kemampuan (ability)
Mav Might Menyatakan tzln (permis sion)
Must Had to Menyatakan keharusan atau kesimpulan logis
will Would Menyatakan rencan a yang akan dilakukan
Shall Should
Should Should: menyatakan sarun/anjuranl
p endap at lhar ap anlkeh aru s an
Namun, terdapat beberapa kelompok kata yang memiliki arti yang sama dengan modals di atas,
yaitu:
Canlcould: be able to, manage to
May/might : probable, possible, presumable, perhaps
Must: have to, need to
Will/shall: be going to, be about to
Should: had better, ought to, be supposed to
B. Modals Perfective
1. Could + have + Verb 3/ been
Bentuk ini digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu hal yang sebenarnya bisa terjadi di waktu
lampau tapi sengaja tidak dilakukan.
I
2. Might + have + Verb 3/ been
Bentuk ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kemungkinan/praduga dari apa yang sudah
terjadi di waktu lampau.
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3. Should+h
Bentuk ini digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang seharusnya sudah terjadi di waktu lampau
tapi karena satu dan lain hal sesuatu itu tidak tejadi atau digunakan untuk mengungkapkan saran
yang telat.
4. Must + have + Verb 3/ been
Bentuk ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kesimpulan logis dari apa yang telah terjadi di
waktu lampau. Perlu diingat bahwa untuk menyatakan keharusan di waktu lampau hanya
digunakan "had to" atau "should+have+V3i been.

10. To Infinitive
To infinitive adalah infinitive yang diikuti oleh ..to".
a. To infinitive digunakan untuk menunjukkan maksud/tujuan
Ex: He went to Japan to study Japanese
b. To infinitive digunakan sesudah: the first, the second, the last, the only.
Ex: He was the only one to survive in the accident
c. Too/enough + adjective + to infinitive
Ex: It is too difficult to do the work
d. Verb + objek (noun/pronoun) + to infinitive
Kata-kata Ke{a berikut
a-Kara kerja ini drrkutr
benKut rnr obiek (or lnoun/noun * to infinitive
diikuti oleh obtek
Advise Allow Ask Challenge
Beg Cause Convince Force
Expect Encourage Forbid Order
Hire Instruct Invite Require
Permit Persuade Remind Want
Teach Tell urge
Ex: The teacher pennitted us to leave early
e. Verb + thatlobject pronoun * to infinitive
Setelah kata-kata berikut ini kita bis a men ak an o 1n m1 lVe
Believe Consider Discover Prove
Imagine Know Find Understand
Su SC say think
Ex. I irnagine him to work hard every day
Adjective * to infinitive
Adjective
ECTIVC ((kat
KA ifat) bisa
slrar) diiku to mtrnrtrve. K
blsa ctrrkutr Kata sifat
ifr di bawah ini diikuti to infinitive.
Afi aid Careful Free Hard
Able Dangerous Sorry Ready
Anxious Happy Fated w'illing
Ashamed Fit Easy Good, etc
g. Kata k a van diik 11 utl to lnllnltlve

Asree Ask Atternpt Arrange Appear

Be e C lairn Care Come Consent
Decide Demand Desen-e expect Intend
Fai, Foreet Hope Hesitate Offer
Leam 1 \{anaee Mean Need Regret
Plan Prepare Pretend Promise Tend
Refi.rse Remember Struggle Swear Want
Threaten Volunteer Wait waish Etc.
Ex: She refused to accept my suggestion

I l. Conditional Sentence (Kalimat pengandaian)

a. Tipe I (Future possible : kemungkinan yang akan terjadi di masa mendatang)

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Pattern: Main clause (induk kalimat): Present fufure tense [s + will/shall + V1/be]
Sub clause (anak kalimat): If + S. Present tense [If + S + V1/ bel
Ex: I will marrlz with himif he passes the exam
b. Tipe II (Present unreal= berlawanan dengan kenyataan sekarang)
Pattem: Main clause : Past future tense [S + would/should + Vl/be)
Sub clause: S. Past tense: If + S + V2lwere
Fakta: Simple present
Ex: I would marry with him if he passed the exam
Fakta: he doesn't pass the exam
c. Tipe III (Past unreal: berlawanan dengan kenyataan masa lampau)
Pittern: Main clause : Past future perfect tense [S + would./should + have+V3,/been)
Sub clause: Past perfect tense: If + S + had + V3/were
Fakta: Simple past tense
Ex: I would have married with him if he had passed the exam
Fakta: he didn't pass the exam

12. Causative Have & Get

A. Objek aktif
1. Pattern: [subjek + have * noun + V-1]
Pola ini digunakan jika kita menyuruh orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu.
Ex: My father has a workman paint the door
(Ayah saya menyuruh seorang pekerja mengecat pintu)
2. Pattem'. [subjek+ get* noun* to+ V-1]
Ex: I will get hirn to apologize to you
(saya akan menyuruh dia minta maaf kepadamu)
B. Objek pasif
Pattern: subjek + have/get + objek + V3 (past participle)
Ex: Father get the paper thrown in the dustbin
(ayah menyuruh kertas itu dibuang ke tempat sampah)

13. Relative Pronouns

Relative pronoun atau diartikan '?arrg" merupakan kata ganti penghubung yang digunakan untuk
membentuk sebuah kalimat yang berasal dari dua kalimat yang sama subjek maupun objeknya.
1. Defining relative pronoun
Defining relative pronoun adalah bennrk yang digunakan untuk menerangkan kata benda dengan
maksud membatasi suatu benda sehingga kata benda yang dimaksud menjadi lebih jelas.
2. Non- def,rning relative pronoun
Non- defining relative pronoun menjelaskan bentuk pronoun yang bersifat memberi informasi
tambahan atau keterangan mengenai frase yang diterangkan. Dengan kata lain menjelaskan tidak
terbatas hanya kepada subjek tapi ada satu keterangan lebih lanjut tentang subjek tersebut dan harus
ditulis dengan tanda koma.
Pattern:
- Who: subjek orang (person)
Person + who * Verb/ Auxiliary verb/ modal auxiliary/ to be
Ex: a. The man is from Italy
b. The man has just entered that office
) The man who has just entered that office is from Italy
- Whom
Person * whom +.Subjek
Ex: a. The student called you last night
b. I bought the typewriter from the student
) The student from whom I bought the typewriter called you last night
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Which ti{
iri
r!l;

(benda sebagai subjek) : Thing + which + Verb/Aux. verb/ modal aux./to be

(benda sebagai objek) : Thin + which + S
Ex: a. The accident took the lives offour people and injured numorous others
b. The accident involving a bus and a car
) The accident which involved a bus and a car took the lives of four people and injured
numorous others.
- Whose: kepunyaan/kepemilikanmanusia,/benda
Person/thing+ whose* noun+ Verb/Aux. verb/Ivfodal aux/to be
Ex: a. The lady is my neighbour
b. Her child is in hospital
) The lady whose child is in hospital is my neighbour.
14. Direct-Indirect Speech
Ada tiga macam kalimat langsung/tak langsung yaitu statement (kalimat pernyataan), question (kalimat
pertanyaan), dan command (kalimat perintah).
General pattern: Reporting verb , "Bspe4gdspeech,,
Reporting verb: kata kerja yang melaporkan
Reported speech: kata kerja yang dilaporkan
a. Jika reporting verb nya pada kalimat langsung (direct) menggunakan "tense" : Past tense, apapun
'tense' pada reported speech nya ketika berubah menjadi kalimat tidak langsung maka reported
speech nya akan berubah menjadi past tense juga. Selain itu, kata keterangan wiktu/tempat serta
kata ganti penunjuk juga mengalami perubahan.
Pattern:
Direct Indirect
!i*pl. present tense Simple past tense
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Simple Past tense Past perfect tense/ simple past tense
Simple present future tense Simple past future tense
Ex: She said to him, "I don't understand you',
) She said to him that she didn,t understand him.
b. Jika reporting verb nya pada kalimat langsung (direct) menggunakan 'tense: present tense, apapun
'tense' pada reported speech nya ketika berubah menjadi kalimat tidak langsung maka .eiorted
speech nya tidak mengalami perubahan, demikian juga kata keterangai wa-i<hrltempat serta
_akan
kata ganti petunjuknya.
Ex: Father asks mother, "what are you cooking now?',
) Father asks mother what she is cooking now.
L-. Statement
Pattem: (Direct) Reportine verb, ..Ig1)qfIqd_qL9ggh,,
) (Indirect) Reporting verb that reported speech
Ex: She said to him, ..I hate you,'
) She said to him that she hated him
d. Question
Pattern:
l. (D) Reportins verb, "reported speech?
(Indirect) Reportinq verb iflwhether reported speech.
Ex: She asked him, "do you go alone?,'
She asked him whether he went alone.
2.(D) Reporting verb, "reDorted speech wi
(Indirect) Reporting verb question word reoorted speech
Ex: She asked John, "What will you do tomorrow?,'
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SG asked John what he would do the following day.
e. Command
Dalam kalimat perintah positif perlu ditambahkan "to" di depan kalimat perintahnya sebagai
penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan.
Ex: (D) He asked me: "open your book".
(Indirect) He asked me to open my book.
ialam kalimat perintah negatif perlu ditambahkan "not to" di depan perintah yang dilaporkan.
Ex: (D) Mary told Jim: "Don't wait for me"
(Indirect) Mary told Jim not to wait for him'

15. Subjunctive
Subjunctive atau angan-angan digunakan untuk menyatakarVmengungkapkan kejadian, keinginan
ataupun kenyataan yang bertentangan dengan apa yarlg sesungguhnya terjadi.
a. Subjunctive wish
- subjek + wish + subjek + verb 2lwere ) faktanya Simple present tense
Ex: John wish he could drive a car ) he can't drive a car
- Subjek+ wish+ had+ V3/been ) faktanya Simple past tense
Ex: Kia says, "I wish I had never met Susi" ) Kia met Susi
b. Subjunctive If only
Subjek + if only + subjek + verb 2lwere ) faktanya simple present tense
Ex: John ifonly he could drive a car ) he can't drive a car
Subjek+ if only + had+ V3/been ) faktanya Simple past tense
Ex: Kia says, "I if only I had never met Susi" ) Kia met Susi
c. Subjunctive as ifl as though
Subjek + as if + subjek + Yerb 2lwere ) faktanya Simple present tense
Ex: John as if he could &ive acat ) he can't drive a car
Subjek+ as if + had+ V3/been ) faktanya Simple past tense
Ex: Kia says, "I as if I had never met Susi" ) Kia met Susi
d. Subjunctive would rather
Subjek + would rather * subjek + Verb 2lwere ) faktanya Simple present tense
Ex: John would rather he could drive a car ) he can't drive a car
Subjek+ would rather + had+ V3/been ) faktanya Simple past tense
Ex: Kia says, "I would rather I had never met Susi" ) Kia met Susi

16. Gerund
Gerund adalah kata kerja + ing dan rnempunyai bentuk yang sama dengan present participle. Gerund
adalah kata kerj a yang dibendakan menjadi:
a. Gerund sebagai subjek kalimat
Ex: smoking is not good for health
b. Gerund sebagai pelengkaplcomplement
Ex: the last lesson is reading
c. Gerund sebagai objek kalimat
Ex: my father loves hunting in the forest
d. Gerund sesudah possessive adjective (my, your, his, her, our, their)
Ex: his leaving made me sad
e. Gerund sesudah kata depan (preposition)
17.

Sdafan%t*t la.kd?rhfuaal I 90 9t
 succeed in
think of
worry about
keep on
count on
rely on
obiect to
Ex: he insisted on taking the bus instead of the bus
Adj ective * preposition
Accustomed to
Tired of
Capable of
Interested in
Fond of
Afraid of
Successful in
Intent on
Ex: He is not capable of doing the work
Notn * preposition
Choice of
Method for/of
Excuse for
Possibility of
Intention of
Reason for
Ex: I have no reason for leaving this village
f. Sesudah kata go and come, kata kerja yang menunjukkan suatu kegiatan olahraga atau yalgbersifat
fisik harus dalam bentuk ing.
Go boating
Go dancing
Go jogging
Go shopping
Go swimming, etc
Ex: my brother often goes bowling with his friends
_s Gerund digunakan untuk menunjukkan larangan (prohibition)
Ex: no parking
keri yang diikut
h Kataa Kerla ollKu erun
Admit Advise Anticipate Appreciate
Avord Cornplete Consider Delay
Den Discuss Dislike Eryoy
I rntsh Forset Can't help Keep
\ lentior-r \{ind Miss Postpone
Practrce Quit Recall Recollect
Recommend Regret Remember Resent
Resist Risk stop Suggest
Ex: we enjoy living in this tiny village
17. Participles
a. Present participle
Present participle adalah kata dalam bentuk
-ing yang berfungsi sebagai kata sifat (adjective) atau
keterangan (adverb), bukan sebagai kata benda atau gerund. Fungsi-fungsi present participle
sebagai
berikut:
- Adjektif
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@-i',gadalahpreSentparticip1ebilaberfungsisebagaladjektif.
Contoh: a crying baby- a baby that is crying
Posisi present participle adalah di depan kata benda yang diterangkan. Bila present participle ini
berbentuk frasa, keseluruhan frasa ini diletakkan di belakang kata benda yang diterangkan'
Ex: the man standing at the gate is our new teacher
- Sebagai keterangan (adverb)
Suatu kata kerja dalam bentuk present participle (bentuk -inglr'erb ing) bisa berdiri sebagai
I
1.
keterangan (adverb) suatu kalimat. Present participle (phrase) sebagai adverb bisa terletak di awal
kalimat atau di akhir kalimat. Present participle sebagai keterangan yang menerangkan kalimat bisa
diartikan sebagai berikut: ketika, selagi, sewaktu, sambil mengerjakan sesuatu, karena, oleh sebab.
Ex: walking to school, I met my old friend
b. Past participles
Past participle sebagai keterangan, mempunyai arti pasif.
Ex: a punished boy: anak yang dihukum, anak terhukum E
Vtockid by his friends, Ana got angry (karena diejek oleh teman-temannya, Ana marah-marah)
c. Having + past participle
:,
Having + past participle disebut juga perfect participle, digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu
kejadian langsung diikuti oleh kejadian lainnya oleh subjek yang sama. Perfect participle
menekankan bahwa kejadian pertama sudah selesai sebelum kejadian kedua dimulai.
Ex: Havins studied, he went home (Aftelbe-hadSlqdi9d, he went home)

\
J

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KUMPULAN SOAL TATA BAHASA

1. (SPMB 2002t 6s)

Anita and I missed the morning flight and this made .... late for friend's weeding.
A. his D. her
B. me E. us
C. them

ither_or-Neither Nor & Either-Neither

2. (SPMB 2002t66)
Neither the football palyers nor their coach ....... .. satisfied with the referee's decision
A. was C. were E. he was
B. be D. being

3. (SPMB 2005t 7t)

He did not pass his oral examination because he was either nervous ...
A. or he did not prepare himself well
B. and did not prepare well
C. also the preparation was not good
D. or not well prepared
E. but he was not well prepared

Only-But
(sPrlrB 2a07t7s)
Tari was punished by the teacher not only because she forgot to bring her book
A. And she didn't do her homework also
B. But she didn't do her homework either
C. But also for not doing her homework
D. As well as she didn't do her homework
E. But also because she didn't do her homework
\ (srMAK Ur 2010i s0)
Direct obserr,.ations of the ocean floor are made by divers but also by deep-diving
subnrarines.
A. onir'
B. in order that
C. not only
D. though
E. of

2
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 BRllRtR lnGGRlt
L,

=
onjunctions
6. (SPMB 20021 67)
When I go shopping in the city cntreo I never drive my car I won't have the problem of finding
a parking space.
A. A. so that D. even though
B. B. however E. while

7.
C. furthermore

(SPMB 2003174)
i
People living in the outskirts ofJakarta are suffering from dengue fever; therefore, they l.
A. cannot be contaminated
B. are not aware of the danger
C. don't have to go to the hospital
D. badly need medical help
E. keep themselves healthy
8. (SPMB 2006/ 68)
ThereisevidencethatvitaminCpreventsheartdisease,speedswoundhealing,and..........
A. cures gum disease l,
B. gum disease canbe cured
C. curing gum disease
D. it cures gum disease
E. the cure if gum disease

9. (SPMB 2006170)
'How was her reaction when she heard about the car accident happening to her parents?'
She ran to the hospital ... -.... - she received the news.' I
A. Until D. since
B. The moment E. before
C. Even though
10. (SPMB 2007t73)
'Many parts of Jakarta were flooded.'
'That's people are used to dumping their domestic wastes into the rivers.' I
A. Because
B. While
-
C. Although
D. Before
E. Whenever
1

11. (SNMPTN 2008/ 20u 73)

So far this term, the student in the writing class have learned how to write thesis statements ......... and
summarize their conclusions.
A. Their materials organization.
B. The organizing of their materials.
C. Organize their materials.
D. The organization of their materials.
E. How their materials are organized.

8da,fra%runldaa*a.tlw 9
 BUKIJ WANGSI
12. (SIMAK AtzLtU 315/ 50)
students sfudying in a foreign country are provided with information about literacy practices and
academic culture of that country, they will feel stranded in that academic environment.
A.
- As
B. In order that
C. Unless
D. As soon as
E. Where

13. (SPMB 2002t69)

Vina had just finished her big dinner when Jordy came in, bringing her favourite durian" We may
conclude that ........ .

A. Vina had durians for her dinner.

B. Vina and Jordy had dinner together.
C. Vina would most unlikely have the durians fordinner.
D. Vina would have dinner after eating durians.
E. Vina must r'rot have finished her dinner.
14. (SPMB 2002t 7t)
Windy has stayed with us since her father.
A. sends abroad by his company
B. sent abroad by his company
C. was sent abroad by his company
D. is sent abroad by his company
E. to be sent abroad by his company
I t. (SPMB 2003t 72)
'l'd like to book there standard rooms for next week, please.'
'I'm sorry, Sir, our hotel .... until the end of the month.'
A. it is fully booked D. booking is fully
B. we book it fully E. to be fully booked
C. is fully booked
16. (SPMB 2A04t 6s)
I know that one of my students .. . . your compan), since he is graduated.
A. work D. has been rn orking
B. to work E. har.e u,orked
C. worked
1'. (SP\IB 20051 66)
\ : I think \\-e re going to be here for a u,hile.
B : But \\ e .
A. are standin.-e
in line for almost an hour. I
D. were standing
B. have stood E. have been standing
C. stand

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18. (SPMB 200s167)
Do you think ......... by the time I return to this country next year?
A. they will get married
B. will they have got married
C. will they get married
D. they will have got married
E. will they get married
19. (SPMB 200st69) :5
When Tomoko, a Japanese student, was asked......... of the museum, she quickly replied that it had
taught her a great deal about the story of Kraton Jogia.
A. what did she think D. if she was thinking
B. about thinking E. what she did think
C. what she thought
20. (SPMB 2o0st7s)
iwhat is going to happen to the children who have become orphans due to the tsunami disaster? 'Don't
worry, they.........' I
A. will take care of
B. will have been taken care of ;
C. will have taken care of
D. will taken care of
E. will be taking care of
21. (SPMB 2006172)
'How can the faculty accommodate the increasing number of incoming students with limited classes?
'Well, I think the faculty will ...'
A. Has expanded its premises
B. To have its premises expanded
C. Has to expand its premises expanded
D. Have had to expand its premises
E. Have to expand
22. (STMAK Ar20t0l 49',)
Maria looked very angry when she got into her room. Few hours later, she told me that . \
she-some materials in the internet but she could not find anything
A. was searching
B. searches
C. had searched
D. had been searching
E. had been searched
ru
23. (SIMAK UI 2010/ 51)
Christa : lndonesia government had made an appointment with Japan to do some researches.
Mecha:It-discussedlastweekinJakarta.oneoftheappointmentisthatJapanese
government will give more than 7 5o/o fund for each reserach'
A. had been
B. has been
C. would been
D. has to be
E. would rather been

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 ELIKLI TryANCSIT
24. (SIMAK UI 2010t 5t)
"They would study at Oklahoma University." This sentence means that they at Oklahoma
University
A. will study
B. won't study
C. don't study
D. hadn't study
E. haven't study
25. (SIMAK Ur 201U 3t5t 49)
Dani was extremely tired when he arrived, because he for his flight for three hours.
A. waited
B. was waiting
C. had waited
D. had been waiting
E. had been waited

Passive Voice

26. (SPMB 2004t 62)

Rega : Can I borrow your car?
Rafli : I'm soffy, it ..
A. repairs D. is to repair
B. repaired E. is being repaired
C. is repairing
11 (SPMB 200st 6s)
Having read the document carefully, .

A. the manager signed it

B. the manager's signafure was affixed
C. the document is signed by the manager
D. it was signed by the manager
E. the document that is signed by the manager
:8, (SPMB 2004t 67)
.4 well known architect is designing our new office.
The passive form of the above sentence is .
A. designs D. is designing
B. designed E. is being desigened
C. be designing
.tq
(SPMB 20A7 t 6e)
'I'm sure you love the dog offered to you by the veterinarian yesterday.
'Yes, I regret I refused it; but when I went back to him, it
A. Had been taken
B. Had taken
C. Had to have taken
D. Had to be taken
E. Had to take

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f
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30. (SNMPTN 2008/ 201168)
More government policies related the people's welfare.....to help people who have suffered because of
the drastic oil price hike.
A. Are to be implemented. D' To be implement.
B. Implement. E. Are implementing.
C. Are to implement.

Comparisons of Adi ectives/Adverbs 3t

31. (SPMB 2003t7s)

My English teacher always says that the more we practice our English
A. then we become more fluent
B. of course we become more fluent
C. the more fluent we become
J
D. we are becoming more fluent
E. so we will become fluent

The Use of It
32. (SPMB 20021 75)
The price was Rp.100,00 but he hasn't paid .... yet
A. buy it D. for it a\
B. it E. of it
C. them it

Modals & Modal Perfective

33. (SPMB 2002t68\
"Look at all those broken street lamps"
"They ......... a long time ago"
A. should repair
B. should have been repaired
C. ought to repair
D. must have been repaired
E. must be repaired

34. (SPMB 2003/ 6s)

'It was a long and tiring flight from London' 'Well, let me show you to your room then, you ......... by
now'
A. can be exhausted
B. must be exhausted
C. would be exhausted
D. could have been exhausted
E. might have been exhausted

?dafr,o?lQaanal olar*attt%fu;al I 98 i'!

 BUKUTryANGSTT
3s. (SPMB 2004t68)
'Hary could not pay his school fee because his father was unemployed'. 'His rich uncle ......... him
with school fee'
A. may support
B. should have support
C. would rather support
D. will have support
E. might support
36. (SPMB 200s/ 68)
Had he handed in the application letter earlier, he... ...... last week.
A. would be allowed to join the interview test
B. was being allowed to join the interview test
C. would have been allowed to join the interview test
D. he was allowed to join the interview test
37. (SPMB 2006t7s)
'We're running out of fruits, while Fifi needs some this morning as she is on a diet.'
'You ........ . To the neighboring fruit stall, then!'
A. Had better hurry
B. Would rather hurry
C. Mayhurry
D. Could hurry
E. Might hurry
38. (SPMB 2007t71)
'It was the first time that charles got straight A's during his study in Australia.' .{

'He _ very hard.'

A. Should have studied
B. Might study
C. Must have studied
D. Could study
E. Would have studied
-1e. (SNMPTN 2008/ 20u 72)
"I'm ashamed because now all my family secret are exposed in court.,,
"You. .. . . . .. ..your neigbour for such a rival case."
A. Has better sue.
B. Should not have sued.
C. Might not have sued.
D. Would rather sue.
E. Could not have sued.
10. (srMAK Ur 20lU 315/ sl)
Bambang : Business people complain that there is a sharp increase of Chinese products flooding the
Indonesian market.
Yudi : It due to the last year's trade agreement between Indonesia and China.
A. must be
B. has to be
C. would be
D. should be
E. would rather be

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To Infinitive
41. (SPMB 2003t66)
All new students at this university are required .........an English proficiency test.
A. taking D. will take
B. having to take E. to take ]E
C. take

Conditional Sentence
42. (SPMB 2oo3l73)
'Had the company been fair in giving bonuses, the employees would not have gone on strike'
+e
From the above sentence we may conclude that .........
A. the employees are still going on strike
B. the company gave the employees fair bonuses
C. the employees were not given bonuses at all
D. the company has lost many employees
E. the employees were very dissatisfied

43. (SPMB 2004t66)

He would pay all his debt if he .. ....... the heritance.
A. gets C. has got E. got
B. have got D. is got l

44. (STMAK Ur 2010i 55) \l

"Had I studied hard for my final exam, I would not fail and get a bad score". From the sentence above,
we can conclude that..........
A. there is no fail, but a good score
B. the writer studies hard for his exam
C. there was no exam 51
D. the writer fails and gets a bad score
E. the writer does not fail and get a good score
4s. (srMAK Ur 2011/ 31s/ 55)
"Had there been good teaching facilities in the school, every teacher would have been able to teach their
students effectively". From the sentence above, we can conclude that-.
A. teaching and learning will be effective \
B. the quality of teaching was good
C. there was no difference in the teaching method
D. the teachers taught the students effectively
E. there were no good teaching facilities in the school

\.
Causative Have & Get
46. (SPMB 2003t69)
'Can you send this letter for me? I'm in a hurry' 'Don't worry, I will have Tina ........ . it for you'
A. fax C. will fax E. to fax
B. faxed D. faxes

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DUKU WANGSI
47. (SPMB 2004t63\
Ani : The dress really fits you
Did you make it by yourselfl
Dita:No, I...
A. have made it D. have to make it
B. had made it E. had to make it
C. had it made

48. (SPMB 200st73)

'How ean you determine students' ability in writing?' 'For a start, a five-hundred-word essay
A. The students write
B. The students are writing
C. Have the students to write
D. The students have written
E. Have the students write
49. (SPMB 2007t68)
As I found out that not all the workshop participants knew about today's schedule, I got my secretary
it right away.
A. Distributing
B. Distributed
C. She distributes
D. To distribute
E. In distributing

Relative Pronoun
(SPMB 2002t 70)
This is the room .... Churchill was born.
A. that C. in which E. of which
B. which D. whose

51. (SPMB 200st 64)

Digitalis is a drug from the seeds and leaves of a plant with the same name and is use as a
cardiac.
A. prepares D. which is prepared
B. which prepares E. which prepared
C. is prepared

5:. (SPMB 20051 70)

Between the Rockies and the Pacific lie plateaus and mountains the driest parts of the United
States are situated. H
A. which C. where E. ofwhich
B. that D. whose

53. (SPMB 2006t 6e)

These tourist, .. ...are Japanese, were among the crowd parlicipating in the "dangdut" dance.
A. there are many D. many of whom
B. many of them E. they who
C. whose many

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54. (SrMAKUr20l0l52)
The girl
A. who is
father is a vice president has been the most famous girl in my campus. r
60.
B. which is
C. whose
D. whom is
E. she is
61.
s5. (srMAK A[z0lu 3tsl s2)
The term 'rock', _ a shortened form of 'rock-and-roll', was coined by an American broadcaster to
replace'rhythm-and-blues'.
A. it is
B. which is
C. for which
D. which it is
E. is 62.

Direct-Indirect Speech
63.
56. (SPMB 20AU 73)
. ... the cycle in the room.
He explained that he
A. has repaired D. had reapired
B. has beenrepairing E. is repairing
C. repaired

Subjunctive
;
s7. (SNMPTN 2008/ 20u 69)
For the past few year last decade the rate of crime has been high due to the increase in the rate of local
b-1.
government............first priority to the solution of this problem.
A. Gives. D. Should give.
B. Would give. E. Had given.
C. Willgive.
s8. (SNMPTN 2008/ 201170',)
You didn't like the horror film you saw yesterday, did you?
65.
You're right. I really wish.....
A. I did not see it.
B. I would not see it
C. I have not seen it.
D. I had not seen it.
E. I would not have seen it.
s9. (srMAK Ut 20lU 315/ 53)
"I would rather have graduated from the University of New York last year." 66,
This sentence means that I _ from the University of Yew York last year.
A. wouldn't graduate
B. won't graduate
C. don't graduate
D. didn't graduate
E. haven't graduated
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I Geruna I

60. (SPMB 2002t 72)

I am looking forward to .... you next week.
A. seeing C. will see E. be seen
B. see D. be seeing

61. (SPMB 2003t 70)

'What is annoying your mother so much?' ' .... in the bedroom.
A. My father is smoking
B. It is my father who smokes
C. My father smokes
D. The smoking of my father
E. My father's smoking
62. (SPMB 2004t 69)
The doctor allows . ... to the patient. Although he is still sick.
A. to eat C. to be eaten E. eating
B. is eaten D. is eating

63. (SPMB 2007t72\

His father insisted on medicine because he thinks it will enable his son to help many people.
A. His studying
B. He is to study
C. Having studied
D. That he studies
E. He is studying

Participles
6-1. (SPMB 2002t74)
"Trying hard to win the-beauty-ssntesl, Ita neglected all her school assignments" The underlined word
mean
A. If she tried. D. Since she tried
B. Although she tried E. After she tried
C. Before she tried
h5. (SPMB 2003t 7t)
Holdins posters with vadous messages for the broad, the factory workers are claiming better working
conditions. The underlined words mean .........
A. While they are holding
B. Because they held.
C. After they had held.
D. Since they have held
E. Before they hold
66. (SPMB 2003/ 6g)
More than thirty teenagers in front of the elevators at Borobudur Hotel wanted to get a better
view of the members of the Taiwanese boyband, called F4.
A. crowded D. being crowded
B. they were crowding E. to crowd
C. crowding

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BRHR'N INGGRI'
72.
67. (SPMB 2004t64)
Beine outstanding ofour school, he has been offered a scholarship to study in Australia.
The underlined words mean : ". . . . . . of our school"
A. If he is an outstanding student.
B. Although he is an outstanding student.
C. When he is an outstanding student.
D. As he is an outstanding student.
E. Before he is an outstanding student.
73.
68. (SPMB 2oo't72)
Interested in developing tourism in lndonesia,
A. The government cooperate with related education centres
B. There is cooperation between the government and related education centres
C. The estabilishment of cooperation between government and related education centres has been
realised.
D. Cooperation between government and related education centres has been estabilished.
E. It necessary to estabilish cooperation between the government and related centres of education.
74.

Possessive Adjective

69. (SPMB 2003167)

'I haye heard that the school where you teach is very good' 'Oh yes, maay of have become
popular leaders of the country.'
A. -eraduates D. its graduates
B. her -sraduates E. their graduates --.\
,,

C. u,ho sraduates

Noun & Noun Phrase

70. (SPMB 2005/ 63)

A number of sfudents .. . complaining about the test.
'b.
A. is C. be E. been
B. are D. being

Language Expressions
'71. (SPMB 20051 74)
'There's nothing interesting on TV' '11

A. How about movies?

B. Lets go to the movies then
C. We have to go to the movies
D. Would you mind going to the movies?
E. Well, I'd like movies.

101
ohr%aeTlhluml | L04
"dafa"%t*ul
 BUKUWANGSIT
72. (SPMB 2006t71\
The weather is good today, let's play golf.'

A. That's a good idea

B. Are you sure?
C. Well, I like it
D. Yes, it's good weather
E. That's true
v3. (SPMB 2006t 73)
'You should focus more on your sfudy since exams are near.'
...
'. . I'm fed up with your warnings.'
A. Mind your own business
B. Think about yourself
C. Do not interfere
D. You should be quiet
E. Do not think about me
74. (SPMB 2007t 7A)
'My car is broken. me downtown on your way to work this morning?'
'Not at all.'
A. May you take
B. Can't you take
C. Why don't you take
D. Do you mind taking
E. Do you think you can take
-s. (SNMPTN 2008/ 20U 71)
Your car is badly damaged; I need more than two days to repair it ['it's oK,......,then.']
A. Take your name.
B. You can not finish it.
C. Finish it on time.
D. You need two days.
E. Do not repair it.
-6. (SNMPTN 2008/ 201t74)
'What should the government do to create political stability?
A. Law enforcement should work effectively.
ts. The effective work of law enforcement.
C. Enforcing the law to work effective.
D. Working to make law enforcement effective. ]e
E. To make law enforcement work effectively l$
-'?, (SNMPTN 2008/ 20u 75) l"*
'I get bored with all the things I do in my office after 5 years of working as secretary of the Dean.' I

A. Should you leave your job.

B. What do you want.
C. Why are you bored.
D. What would you like to do for a change.
E. Which job do you like best.

105 | www.wangsiteducation.com
 BRHR'R INGGRI'
78. (SIMAK Ur 2010/ 48)
Shinta : I used to love going to Puncak over the weekend.
Luli : That's great. Why don't you go there anymore?
A. Nowad&yS, I need more than 5 hours to reach it. It's a boring trip to do.
B. It has many beautiful scenery to see.
C. i think that's not a good idea.
D. There are many people
E. There were many people around it.
79. (STMAK UI 20lll 31s/ 48)
Shinta : I used to love going to Puncak over the weekend.
Luli : ....
A. I love Puncak too.
B. So, where do you go now?,
C. That's great. Why don't we go next week?
D. So, you stiil enjoy going to Puncak?
E. Why do you like it so much?

Menyusun Kalimat
80. (SPMB 20041 61)
( 1) This is its atmosphere.
(Z)Earth's atmosphere is made up of about20 kinds gasses.
(3 )The earth is surrounded by a thick blanket of air.
(4) lt also contains water vapour and dust particles.
(5) The two main ones are oxygen and nitrogen.
The right order of the sentences above is
A (5) - (3) - (4) - (2) - (1)
B. (2) - (5) - (1) - (4) - (3)
c. (4) - (2) - (3) - (1) - (s)
D. (1)- (4)- (5)-(3)-(2)
E (3) - (1) - (2) - (s) - (4)

Dependent-Independent Clause
8r. (SPMB 2006t74)
'Are we going to visit the doctor now, Mother?'
'Yes. Be sure to tell him ....'
A. Where does it hurt
B. Whether it hurts
C. When you hurt
D. Where it hurts
E. How does it hurt

82. (SPMB 2007174)

'What did the authorities say about the frequent accidents of public transport?"-'
A. Because of the improper maintenance and control
B. It is the maintenance and control which are improper
C. That is because the maintenance and control are improper
D. Caused by the improper maintenance and control
E. That it was due to the improper maintenance and control
SdafavTrCunal ol4*?ait%eal I 106
BUKUWANGS]T

83. (STMAK Ur 2010/ 55)

_considered as the modern culture is not totally modem.
A. That is now
B. What is now
C. Now is
D. That now
E. What now
84. (STMAK Urz0tu 3lst s4)
_ known as the country of Timor Leste was once part of Indonesia.
(A) That is now
(B) What is now
(C)Now is
(D) That now
(E) What now

t07 | www.wangsiteducation.com
 BRIR'N IOGGRI'

PE,MBAHASAI{ SOAL TATA BAHASA

1. Jawaban : E. Conjunction 'and' menyatakan parallel

Kunci pada soal adalah munculnya Anita and structure atau kata sebelum dan setelahrya
I pada awal kalimat, sehingga jawabannya sama, kata kerja sebelumnya adalah Vl + s/es
adalahweeAnita and I - we +,S (speeds) maka setelahnya harus dalam bentuk
yang sama menjadi 'cures'.
1
ltt Jawaban : A.
Soal tersebut termasuk concord dengan 9. Jawaban B
munculnya kata neither dan nor. Sehingga Pada kalirnat soal, pilihan jawaban yang tepat
jawabannya harus tunggal + neither * l/ + adalah ' ...at the moment' diartikan pada saatl
nor + sing/e noun segera setelah. Sedangkan pilihan jawaban
yang lain masing-masing memiliki artr :

3. Jawaban : D. until-sampai; even though - meskipun; since

Kata either berkolokasi dengan orEither ...... - sejak; before - sebelum.
or selalu menghubungkan kata I frase I
kalimat yang bentuk dan jenisnyasama. 10. Jawaban A
Arti dalam kalimat soal 'sebagian besar kota
4. Jawaban E J ir.'
akarta terkena b anj

Penggufiaarl kata sambung 'not only' Hal tersebut terjadi orang membuang
berpasangan dengan 'but also'. Pola kalimat sampah ke sungai.'
con elative conjunction menggunakan pola Jawaban yang tepat adalah because (karena),
setara (parallel structure). Bentuk yang di mana pilihan jawaban lainnya memiliki
n-Iuncul sebelumnya dalam bentuk klausa arti: while - walaupun; although - meskipun;
yang menyatakan alasan sehingga bentuk before - sebelum; dan whenever - bilamana.
yang mengikutinya harus dalam bentuk yang
sama jugrt Jadi jawaban yatg benar adalah 11. Jawaban C
'hut also beeause she didn't do her .. ..the sfudent in the class have learned how
hcm*work.' to write thesis statemeflt,-, and
summaflze their conclusion. Agar kalimatnya
5. Jawaban C parallel, frase yang tepat untuk melengkapi
Kata kunci: kata but ulso hanya boleh kalimat tersebut harus diawali oleh infinitive
diikuti oleh kata not only +not only but ataukata kerja bentuk pertama.
also ...
12. Jawaban C
6. Jawaban : A.
tr siswa yang belaj ar di luar negeri .....
Pernyataan I won't have the problem ,J diberikan informasi tentang kemampuan
finding a parking space merupakan tujuan membaca serta rnenulis dan kebudayaan
dari I neverdrive my car. Kata hubung akademik negara tersebut, maka mereka
(conjunction) yang mengawali pernyataan akan merasa tertekan dalam lingkungan
yang menyatakan tujuan adalah so that (agar akademik tersebut. "Jadi jawaban yang
/ supal,a). tepat adalah unless fiika tidak).

7. Jawaban : D. 13. Jawaban : C.

Konjungsi thereJbre (oleh karena itu) Past perkct tense (had just "finished)
digunakan untuk menghubungkan pern y ataan menunjuk pada suatu peristiwa yang telah
sebab akibat. selesai dilakukan sebelum peristiwa lain
terjadi pada waktu lampau. .S + had +V3 +
8. Jawaban A when S +V2

gdafaD%*aul olad,*a.Uilfful | 108

BUKU WANGSI
Vina sudah selesai makan malam sehingga maka seharusnya will * have maka jawaban
kemungkinan besar ia tidak akan makan durian yang tepat adalah E yang merupakan bentuk
simple present tense.
14, Jawaban : C. 22. Jawaban C
Since * klausa (past) menunjuk pada bentuk Kata kunci: semua kalimat tersebut
perfect tense. Karena klausa setelah since menggunakan kalimat past tense kemudian
menunjuk bentuk pasif (.. by ...) maka kalimat tersebut membutuhkan kata kerja
menggunakan pola (w,as / were * V3) aktif. Had searched artrnya sudah mencari.
perfect tense * sin e * klausa past ) Was /
were -r Vj + by 23. Jawaban C
Kata kunci: kalimat tersebut menggunakan
15. Jawaban : C. tenses past tense, berarti harus menggunakan
Subjek (our hotel) menhendaki predikat kata kerja bentuk kedua.
bentuk pasif (to be + V3)Adverb of manner
terletak di antara to be dan V3 24, Jawaban C
Kata kunci: kalimat tersebut menggunakan
16. Jawaban : B. kalimat pengandaian tipe 2 "would * verb I ".
Kata kunci dari kalimat soal adalah since, Kenyataan dari kalimat tersebut tentu
termasuk Present Perfect Continuous Tense berlainan dengan kalimat tersebut.
S+ have/has*been*Ving
25. Jawaban D
17. Jawaban : E. Dinyatakan bahwa Dani arrivecl (past tense)
Kata kunci dari kalimat tersebut adalah for. maka kejadian sebelumnya harus memakar past
Bila ada kalimat yang menggunakan kata for, perfect tense dan karena ada durasinya (for three
makakita harus menggunakan yang ada kata hours) yang digunakan adalah pa^st perfect
have / has / had karena kalimat tersebut continuous tense tthad been Ving."
termasuk Pre.tent perfect Continuolts tense
$ + have / has lhad * been + Ving 26. Jawaban : E.
IJngkapan yang paling tepat untuk menjawab
18. Jawaban : A. permintaan Rega adalah :"It (the car) is
Kalimat tersebut berbentuk Future Perfect being
Tense, menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang repaired " (passive fo.-), yang menyatakan
terjadi danselesai pada saat kegiatan lain bahwa Rafli tidak bisa meminjamkan
berlangsung di waktu yang akan datang. mobilkarena sedang diperbaiki.
S + shall / will * Hryts * V3 Pola kalimat passive:
Tobe* V3
19. Jawaban : A.
Bentuk dari Siruple past tense. 27. Jawaban : A.
Kalimat tersebut termasuk dalam passive
20. Jawaban : D. voice dilihat dari kalimat awalnya yaitu
Bila dihubungkan antara kalimat soal dengan Having read the document carefully (setelah
opsi yang ada, maka pengertian yang logis membaca dokumenifu dengan seksama).
adalah jangan khawatir, anqk-anak yatim Maka kalimat selanjutnyaharus
piatu akandiurus. Diurus merupakan bentuk menggunakan To be + KK3 (the document is
pasif, yang dalam bahasa Inggris dinyatakan sigend by the manager).
dengan pola :To be + V3 sedangkan bentuk
dinyatakan denganpolafuture tense (will). To 28. Jawaban : -E.
be setelah rnodal (will) adalah be. Karena adakata by, maka:
To be + V3 (designed)
21, Jawaban: E
karena pertanyaafi dalam bentuk present 29. Jawaban A
tense dan jawaban diawali oleh predikat will Bentukan kalimat pasif (passive-voice) dalam
bentuk past perfect adalah S + had * been +
109 t www.wangsiteducation.com

"-
 BOHR'R INGGRI'
V3Arti dalam kalimat soal adalah "saya Bentuk dari past modals.
yakin kamu suka anjing yang ditawarkan
dokter hewan sama kamu kemarin."
"Ya, saya menyesal saya menolaknya, tapi 37. Jawaban D
ketika saya kembali lagi anjing tersebut sudah Bentuk yang diminta adalah menyatakan
diarnbil". .Iawaban yang tepat sesuai dengan saran. Ungkapan yang menyatakan saran
pola yang ada adalah 'It had been taken.' adalah had better + V3. (lebih baik.....)
38. Jawaban C
30. Jawaban A Arti dalarn kalimat soal yaitu "Ini pertama
Subiek dari kalimat tersebut: government A semua selama
kalinya Charles dapat nilai
pol icies related to people's welfare belajar di Austra7ia."
(kebijakan pemerintah yang berhubungan "Dia belajar sangat keras."
dengan kemakmuran penduduk). Jika Bentukan modal yang menyatakan kepastian
menggunakan kata kerja implement, kalimat di wakfu lampau adalah S * must * have +
tersebut harus pasif karena kebrlakan hanya V3. Jadi, jawaban yang tepat adalah 'He
bisa diimplementasikan, tidak bisa must have studied very hard.'
kata kerja
mengimplementasikan.Bentuk
pasif yang tepat adalah are to be 39. Jawaban B
implemented. Are to memiliki makna yang Kalimat ekspresi yan g tepat digunakan untuk
sama dengan modal must. Jadi bentuk pasif soal ini adalah kalimat aniuran yang lebih
ini sarna maknanya dengan must be bermakna penyesalan. Bentuknya : Should +
implemented. have + V3.

31. Jawaban : C. 40. Jawaban A

Double comparative menggunakan pola: The Jawaban yang tepat adalah must be (pasti)
* comparative .... the * comparative karena adanya perJanjian antaru Indonesia
dan Cina maka pasti barang-barang
32. Jawahan : D. produksi Cina membanjiri Pasar
Kalimat pada soal termasuk dalam Indonesia.
irnpersonal itdengan adanyakata The price.
S "- hasn't paicl + Q 41. Jawaban : E.
= it Dalam bentuk aktif, kata kerj a require diikuti
33. Jawaban : B. to infinitive (to + Vl)
Semua lampu-lampu jalan itu rusak. Lampu-
lampu jalan itu sehat'usnya telah diperbaiki 42. Jawaban : E.
(should have been repaired) dulu-dulu. Past conditional mempunyai makna yang
Should+have+V3 , digunakan untuk bertentangan dengan bentuk
menyatakan saran ) past suggestion pengandaiannya(perusahaan tidak adil
dalam memberikan bonus sehingga pekeria
34. Jawaban : B. mogok). Kesimpulan-nyamerekatidak puas
Present conchnion menggunakan pola: Must + (dissatisfied)
V1
43. Jawaban : E.
35. Jawaban : B. kata kunci pada kalimat adalah iJ. Would pay
Kata could dibelakang subjek (Had pada tf (past)V2 V2 Would bentuk V2,
kalimat menunjukkan bahwa soal tersebut pasangannya jrga harus V2
termasukd alam golong an p as t mo dal p erfe c tit' e .
Jika soal menggunakan Past + V2, 44. Jawaban t)
jawabannya(past modal)
- t
S + modal have Kata kunci: kalimat tersebut merupakan
+V2 kalimat pengandaian bentuk lampau dan
kenyat aanfiya pasti berlawan dengan apa
36. Jawaban : A.
gdafav ?lltntaal lhn 3a4U 2l0fuml I 1 10
 yang sudah diungkapkan. Jadt, si penulis karena kalimat tersebut merupakan gabungan
gagal dan mendapat nilai ujian yangielek. dari dua kalimat.

45. Jawaban E 52. Jawaban : C.

"had there been tt merupakan Kalimat pengandaian menyatakan tempat
conditional tipe inversi dari ,,If good sehingga kata ganti tempat yang tepat untuk
teaching facilities in the school had been kalimat tersebut adalah where (dimana).
there,..... " ini merupakan conditional type
3 (past peffecl makna positif) jadi 53. Jawaban: D
faktanya harus past tense dan bermakna Frase These Tourists, merupakan orang. Kata
negative. penghubung (relative pronoun) yang
46. Jawaban : A. digunakan adalah "whom". Kalimat soal
Causative have bentuk aktif menggunakan pola berasal dari dua kalimat yaitu "These tourists
:
-t/
were among the crowd participating in the
S + have + Oaktif + I "dangdut" dance, dan klausa penjelasnya
"many of them (tourist) are Japanese" maka
17. Jawaban : C. bila dua kalimat memiliki unsur sama yang
Bentuk causative have yang artinya dirangkai dengan menggunakan pola relative
"menyuruh" pronoun, unsure yang hilang (tourist) yang
S+ have/has/had+O+Vl sama dihilangkan (thern). Dengan demikian,
S+have/has/had+O+V3 relative pronoun yang tepat sebagai
Dalam hal ini Dita 'menyltruh orang untuk pengganti objek orang adalah "many of
ruenjahit bajunya', maka jawab an yang tepat whom"
adalah'I had it made'
54. Jawaban C
48. Jawaban : E. Kata kunci: ada dua kata benda yang
Ungkap an yang paling tepat sebagai jawaban bersebelahan. Untuk menggabungkan
dari pertanyaan How can you determine keduanya digunakan kata whose atau whom.
students'ability in writing? Adalah dengan Karena dua subjek tersebut berhubungan,
menyuruh mereka menulis karangan dalam maka menggunakan whose.
lima ratus kata. Ungkapan 'menyuruh' dapat
dinyatakan dalamp olacausative haveHave + 55. Jawaban B
object + vl (untuk aktifl atauHave + object Verb dalam kalimat tersebut adalah ,,was
+ V3 (untuk pasiJ) coined" jadi yang hilang adalah bagian
dari subjek atau perluasan subjek. Karena
49. Jawaban I) subjeknya benda dan maknanya pasif
Bentuk soal menunjuk pola "causative get" maka menggunakan which is.
dalam bentuk aktif. polanya: S + get +
obj.person + to + Vl. Jadi jawaban yang 56. Jawaban : D.
tepat adalah 'To distribute' Kata kunci pada soal terdapat pada kata
'explained' . Sehingga konteks kalimat
50. Jawaban : C. tersebutdapat adalah direct - indirect speech.
Kalimat tersebut berasal dari: Maka jawabannya harus berpola :S + had
a. This is the room +V3
b. Churchill was born in it
Ket. tempat (the room) where-in whicft + clause 57. Jawaban B
Kalimat pengandaian yafig menggunakan
51. Jawaban: D wish atau disebut juga subjunctive memiliki
Predikat yang dibutuhkan kalimat tersebut dua bentuk.
yaitu bentuk passive untuk menjelaskan Present: S + wish + past (Y2)
subjeknya dan harus diawali oleh which Past: S + wish * past perfect (had + V3)

tLL I www.wa ngsited ucation. com

 BBHR'R INGGRI'
Karena kalimat pada soal ini merupakan teeenages crowding (present participle)
pengandaian untuk waktu sekarang (present)
maka kata kerja untuk melengkapi kalimat
harus dalam bentuk past. Maka jawaban yang 67. Jawaban : f).
tepat adalah would give. Kata kunci dari kalimat soal terletak di awal
kalimat, yarfri kata 'being' Yang
58. Jawaban D menunjukkankalimat tersebut termasuk dalam
Diketahui kejadian terjadi di masa lampau. kalimat participle. Maka jawabannya
Maka subjunctive atau pengandaian menggunakan because, since, as.
digunakan adalah pengandaian untuk masa
lampau (subjunctive bentuk past). Maka 68. Jawaban : A.
sesuai rumus, jawaban yang tepat adalah I had Anak kalimat yang mendapat awalan passive
not seen it. participle V3 (interested), mengharuskan
kalimatselanjutnya memiliki subjek yang
59. Jawaban D secara logis dapat melakukan kegiatan yang
Kalimat tersebut merupakan subjunctive dinyatakan dalam pas sive participle jr'rgu.
karena menggunakan "would rather". Jadi
faktanya berbentuk past tense dan negatif
karena subjunctive past perfect dan 69. Jawaban : D.
positif. Possessive adiective bentuk kata tunggal The
scltool-'its*noltn'
60. Jawaban : A.
Kata kerja "look forward to", "to" 70. Jawaban : B.
merupakan preposisi, bila diikuti oleh kata Bentuk kalimat jamak (Anurnber of stttdents)
k.{ a berbentukge rund (Ving) dari present continuous tense.
S+are*Ving+O
6L. Jawaban : E.
Subjek selalu noun gerund. Sesudah 71. Jawaban : B.
possess!v'e adjective ('s) diikuti noun gerund. Respon terhadap pembic araan ke-Z yang
tepat adalah berupa tawaran untuk menonton
62. Jawaban : E. dibioskop.
Kata ollows dapat diikuti gerund yang
berfungsi sebagai objek" S + allows + Ving 72. Jawaban A
Language Expression "That's a good idea"
63. Jawaban: A menyatakan agreement atav persetujuan.
Preposisi 'on menghendaki bentuk Pada pilihan jawaban (B) menanyakan
gerund (V+ing) yang disisipi dengan kebenaran, sedangkan pilihan jawaban (C, D,
possessive pronounnya (his). Jadi,, jawaban dan E) menunjukkan pembenaran dari
yang tepat adalah 'His studying' kalimat pertama.

64. Jawaban : D. 73. Jawaban: A

Ciri khusus pada kalimat soal adalah kata lJngkapan yang tepat untuk melengkapi
tryingJang termasuk jenis active participle. dialog tersebut adalah "Mind your own
business" afitnya urus atau Pikirkan
65. Jawaban : A. masalahmu sendiri.
Holding posters menunjuk Pada dua
kegiatan yang bersamaan (when / while + 7 4. Jawaban I)
clause) Arti kalimat di dalam soal adalah "Mobil
saya mogok lagi saya ke Pusat kota
66. Jawaban : C. dalam perj alanankamu ke tempat kerja."
u::"':,;#:,{^:';:i;^';Y;:;;;;";,1;r Bentuk language expression yang tepat untuk
melengkapi kalimat di atas adalah: "Do you
gdafav?llunal .hnnh40%eml I LLz
 BL'KTJ TryANCSlr
mind taking ...' (Tidaklah kamu keberatan do you go now? "
mengantarkan saya).
80. Jawaban : E.
75, Jawaban A Susunan yangtepat adalah :

Kata it's Ok menandakan persetujuan atau (3) The earth /s surrounded by a thick blanket
memberi iztn sehingga jawaban yang tepat ofair.
adalah take your time (gunakan saja (l) This is its atmosphere.
waktumu) (2)Earth's atmosphere rs rnade up oJ' about 20
kinds gase,s.
(5) The two ones are oxygert and nitrogen.
76. Jawaban D (4) It also contains water vapour and dust
Yang ditanyakan adalah: what should the particles.
government do?Yang ditanyakan oleh kata do
pasti berupa perbuatan. Sedang wh at adalah kata
tanya yang menanyakan benda. Maka jawaban
8I. Jawaban I)
Bentuk kalimat soal "Be sure to tell" merupakan
ini pasti diawali dengan kata kerja
pertanyaan
induk kalimat (independent clause), maka yang
yang dibendakan (gerund). Kemungkinan diminta adalah anak kalimat (dependent clause).
jawabannya adalah C atau D. Namun, jawaban C
Pola: S + Verb + Obj + Kata tanya + S +
kurang tepat karena kata effective (kata Verb"Be sure to tell hirn where it hurts", yang
si fatiadj ective) yang berfungsi untuk menj elaskan
arttnya Pastikan untuk mengatakan padanya
kata work (verb) seharusnya berbentuk bagian mana yang sakit.
effectively (adverb). Sementara kata effective
pada jawaban D sudah tepat karena kata tersebut
berfungsi untuk menjelaskan objek preposisi 82. Jawaban E
(kata benda) yaitu law enforcement.
"what did the authorities say about the frequent
accidents of public transport?" (Apa yang
77. Jawaban D
dikatakan oleh pemerintah tentang sering
terjadinya kecelakaan). Bentuk kata kerja ,say,
Pembicara pertama mengeluh bahwa dia bosan
pada pekery'aannya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa
menunjukkan sebuah fakta. Anak kalimat
(dependent clause) yang tepat untuk fakta adalah
pembicara tersebut menginginkan hal yang baru
atau sebuah perubahan dalam pekerjaannya.
'that'. Pola kalimat: That + clause (S * verb +
obj)
Maka pertanyaan yang tepat adalah: what would
Jadi jawaban yar.g tepat adalah "That it was due
you like to do for a change? (apa yang akan kamu
lakukan untuk sebuah perubahan?)
to the improper maintenance and control,, (Hal
tersebut disebabkan oleh perawatan dan control
yang kurang tepat)
78. Jawaban A
Kata kunci: (i) used to artinya biosonya, dan (ii)
unyn ore artrnya lugi.
83. Jawaban B
Luli menanyakan kenapa
Kata kunci: kalimat ... cortsidered as the mode*t
Shinta tidak pergi lagi ke puncak seperti culture merupakan anak kalimat . Jadi, harus
kebiasaannya dulu. Tentunya hal tersebut
menggunakan kata bantuw hat dan to be.
dikarenakan perjalanan yang membutuhkan
waktu yang lebih lama dari biasanya.
84. Jawaban B
Jawaban yang tepat adalah whqt is now (apa
79. Jawaban B
yang sekarang) dikenal sebagai Timor Leste
I ttsed to love going to puncak over the
weekend afirnya Shinta dulu suka pergi ke
dulunya merupakan wilayah Indonesia.
Puncak pada akhir minggu. Jadi sekarang
Jawaban that artrnya bahwa jadi tidak tepat.
Shinta tidak suka pergi ke puncak, maka
pertanyaan Luli yang tepat adalah ,,So where

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