MR. EINSTEIN COURSE – https://kampunginggrisme.

com ONLINE CLASS

Kampung Inggris Pare

Proudly presented by
Mr. Fahmi Muharram

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LANGUAGE
Bahasa
Def. Suatu system yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan informasi.
Fungsi: Sebagai alat komunikasi
COMPONENTS OF LANGUAGE
1. Phoneme 4. Phrase
2. Morpheme 5. Clauses
3. Word 6. Sentence

EXPLANATION
1. PHONEME / HURUF / ABJAD / LETTER
Def: Bagian yang terkecil dari Bahasa dan tidak bermakna.
Example: A, B, C, D, E, F . . .
2. MORPHEME / KATA DASAR DAN IMBUHAN
Kinds:
1. Free morpheme (FM)
Morpheme yang bebas
Dapat berdiri sendiri
Berpotensi membentuk kata dasar (root word)
2. Bond morpheme (BM)
Morpheme yang terikat
Tidak dapat berdiri sendiri
Berpotensi membentuk imbuhan (affix)
Affix
Prefix (awalan)
Suffix (akhiran)
Example: ke-sedih-an sad- ness
Bm Fm Bm Fm Bm
(Prefix) (Suffix) (Suffix)
Beautiful-ly Work-ing
Fm Bm (suffix) Fm Bm (suffix)
Study-ing Im-polite
Fm Bm (suffix) (prefix)Bm Fm

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3. WORD
def. Bagian terkecil dari bahasa dan memiliki makna serta berkelas kata
Example:
Kata benda (noun) Chair (kursi)
Kata sifat (adjective) Angry (Marah) etc. . . .

4. PHRASE
def. rangkaian kata yang bermakna, tetapi tidak berpola S + P tetapi
Polanya: H M
Head (inti) Modifier(Penjelas)

Head berupa Noun (kata benda)

Example:
Buku tua sangat baik mobil merah
H M M H H M

Old book very kind red car

M H M H M H

5. CLAUSE (KLAUSA)
def. Rangkaian kata yang bermakna, berpola S + V yang membentuk
kalimat atau membentuk bagian dari kalimat.
Kind:
Main Clause (induk kalimat)
 Dapat berdiri sendiri
 Berpotensi membentuk kalimat
Pola: Subject + Verb
Sub Clause (anak kalimat)
 Tidak dapat berdiri sendiri
 Tidak berpotensi membentuk kalimat

Pola: Conjunction +S+V

Kt. Penghubung

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Example:
Lely menangis karena kucingnya menangis
S v conj s v
Lely cried because her cat cried
S v conj s v
MC SC
SENTENCE

6. SENTENCE
Def. Rangkaian kata yang bermakna sempurna berpola minimal S + V dan
di akhiri dengan tanda baca pengakhir
(.) : Full stop
(?) : Question mark
(!) : Exclamatory mark
Example:
1. Abdul belajar Abdul studies
s v s v
2. Abdul belajar Bhs. Arab Abdul studies Arabic
s v o s v o
3. Abdul belajar bahasa Arab disini Abdul studies Arabic here
S v o adv S v o adv

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VERBAL - NOMINAL

A. POLA KALIMAT DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA

S + P + O + K

Verbal (berupa kata kerja) Nominal (selain kata kerja)

Example: saya makan Saya tampan

B. POLA KALIMAT DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

S + V + O + Adv
Verbal (selain “BE”) Nominal (Berupa BE)
Example: I eat I am handsome
s v s v compl (Adj, Noun, Adv)

CARA TRANSLATE DASAR

1. Verbal : Di translate apa adanya
Pola: S + V (non-be)

2. Nominal : Sisipkan “Be” di antara S dan Complementnya

Pola: S + V (be) + 3 Complement (pelengkap)
Adj, Noun, Adv
Anggota “BE”: is, am, are, was, were, been, being, be.

LATIHAN!
1. Eka menangis tadi malam ……………………………………….
2. Laily mencuci bajuku ……………………………………….
3. Sebuah mobil mahal ……………………………………….
4. Nimas sedang sedih ……………………………………….
5. Agam memasak nasi di dapur ……………………………………….
6. Anes sedang marah ……………………………………….
7. Riska bekerja di restoran ……………………………………….

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SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT

SUBJECT BE (IS, AM, ARE) V1 V S/ES

I Am
You
We V1
Are
They
Benda Jamak
She
He
It Is V s (es)
Benda
Tunggal

Example:
Jey mengunjungi Lely di makam (v) Jey visits Lely at the grave
Riska duduk di atas kompor (v) Riska sits on the stove
Sofyan dan Ricky ngantuk (n) Sofyan and Ricky are sleepy
Dia (pr) sangat bahagia (n) She is very happy

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WORD
(kata)
def. bagian terkecil dari bahasa yang memiliki makna dan berkelas kata (Part
of speech)
Kind:
A. BASED ON ITS CATEGORY / LEXICAL MEANING (MAKNA KAMUS)

Noun N (U.N) Water, table

1
Kt Benda Kb air, meja
Pronoun Pron I, you
2
kt ganti Kg saya, kamu
Verb V (T.I) Sleep, read
3
kt Kerja kkt/kki tidur, membaca
Adjevtive Adj Beautiful
4
kt. Sifat Ks cantik
Adverb Adv Here
5
kt. Keterangan K.ket disini
Conjunction Conj And, because
6
kt. Penghubung K.sam dan, karena
Preposition Prep Because of
7
kt. Depan Kd karena
Interjection Inter Wow!
8 Exclam /
Kt. Seru k.seru uh!

Note:
A. noun, pronoun, verb (the central core of sentence) _inti pembentuk
kalimat
Pola kalimat  S + V subject

noun / pronoun

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Example: Abdul bertemu Anggun, dia sangat senang
Abdul meets Anggun, he is very happy
S V O S V Complement (Pelengkap)

Noun Pron

B. Adjective, adverb (Modifying word) _kata penjelas

Adj (Modifier) Noun (Head)
Adverb (Modifier) Verb, adv, adj, sentence (Head)
Example: Beautiful girl very slowly
M/adj H/n M/Adj H/Adv

Very hot come late finally, she comes

M/adj H/adj H/v M/adj adv s v
Phrase Phrase Sentence
C. Conj, prep (relative word) _kata penghubung
Form Conj : conj + S + V
Prep : Prep + O of prep
Noun /pronoun /noun phrase/. . .

Example:
I come because you come
s v conj s v

I come because of you

s v prep o of prep (pron)

D. Interjection
def. kata yang digunakan untuk meluapkan emosi
Example:
wow!
Ouch!
Shit!
Prekitew!

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B. BASED ON ITS FUNCTION (FUNGSI)
Kind:
1. Noun function
def. kata kerja yang difungsikan sebagai noun
Posisi: Subject, Object

Berenang membuatku senang

Swimming makes me happy
s v o pelengkap
Category: Verb Function: noun (Gerund)

Berbeda category dengan kalimat berikut

Dede minum oli Dede drinks oil
s v o s v o
Cat: noun Cat: n
Function: noun Function: n

2. Verbal function
def. kata yang digunakan sebagai verb (kata kerja as kata kerja)
Posisi: posisi verb (setelah subyek)
Example: Muchlis makan nasi
Muchlis ate rice
s v o
Cat: V
Function: Verb

Alief merawat burung itu

Alief mothers the bird
s v o
Cat: N, V
Function: verb

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3. Adjective function
Def. kata yang difungsikan sebagai adj
Posisi: modifier of noun
Example:
Cowok jahat book store
H/n M/adj M/adj H/n

A cruel boy cat: noun

M/adj M/adj H/n function: adj

Cat: adj
Function: adj

Cewek yang mencintaiku pergi ke USA

s v adv
The Girl Loving Me goes to USA (the girl who loves me goes to USA)
Adj n adj v adv
S
Cat: v
Funct: adj

4. Adverbial function
Def. kata yang difungsikan sebagai adv
Posisi: modifier of adv, adj, verb, sentence
Example:
Dengan sangat indah walking, I go here
Very beautifully adv s v adv
M/adj H/adv

Cat: adv cat: v

Function: adv Function: adv

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I book a book in the book store
s v o M/adj H/n

Cat: n, v cat: n, v cat: n, v

Function: v function: n function: adj

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PHRASE

Def. rangkaian kata yang bermakna, tidak berpola S + V tetapi Head –

Modifier
Pola: Pre – M H Post – M
Modifier Head Modifier

KINDS OF PHRASE
1. Noun phrase (new girlfriend) 6. To infinitive phrase (To study grammar)
2. Adjective phrase (very happy) 7. Participle phrase (Car washed)
3. Adverbial phrase (very slowly) 8. Prepositional phrase (In the class)
4. Verb phrase (Study hard!) 9. Exclamatory phrase (What a pity you are)
5. Gerund phrase (watching TV)

EXPLANATION!
1. Noun phrase
Def. Phrase yang Head-nya berupa Noun
Pola: M H M
Adj n adj
Example:
Rumah tua old House
H/n M/adj m/adj H/n

Guru yang tinggi tall teacher

H/n m m/adj H/n

2. Adjective phrase
Def. Phrase yang Head-nya berupa Adj
Pola:
M H M
Adv adj adv
Example: very good so hot
m/adv H/Adj m/adv h/adj

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3. Adverbial phrase
Def. Phrase yang Head-nya berupa Adv
Modifier: adv
Pola: M H M
Adv adv adv

Example:
Very beautifully slowly enough
m/adv h/adv h/adv m/adv

4. Verb Phrase
Def. Phrase yang Head-nya berupa Verb
Modifier: Adv
Pola:
M H M
Adv v adv
Example:
Run fast! study hard!
h/v m/adv h/v m/adv

She always comes late

s m/adv h/v m/adv
Verb phrase

5. Gerund Phrase
Def. Phrase yang Head-nya berupa Gerund
Bentuk : Ving
Kelas kata : Noun  subject / object
Pola: H M
G m of gerund
Example:
Studying English is easy enough
H/G m of gerund v h/adj m/adv

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Nimas avoids speaking English
s v h/g m (o of g)

O –Gerund phrase

6. To infinitive phrase
Def. Phrase yang Head-nya berupa To inf
Bentuk: to + V1
Kelas kata: N, adj, Adv
Pola: H M
To inf m of to inf

Example:
To study Grammar is important
h/to inf m (of to inf) v compl

Subject (to inf Phrase)

7. Participle Phrase
Def. Phrase yang Head-nya berupa PCP
Bentuk : Ving – V3
Kelas kata : V, adj, Adv
Pola: H M
PCP m of PCP
Example:
Eating stone, I go to beach
H/pcp m (O of PCP) sv
PCP – P/adv sent

Laily is cooking the rice

Aux ord o – np
Vp/v – PCP
Adjective clause
The girl loving me is Juliet
m H/n m/Pcp – P v compl Girl Loving(adj) me

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8. Prepositional Phrase
Def: Phrase yang di awali oleh preposisi
Pola: prep + o of prep
N / pro/ np. . .
Example:
We are in the class
Prep o of prep
Prep phrase
9. Exclamatory Phrase
Def.: phrase yang di awali oleh exclamatory word
Exclamatory word : what, how (alangkah/betapa)
Pola: 1. What + np + s + v!
2. How + adj/adv + s + v!

Exclamatory phrase Exclamatory

sentence

Example:
He is handsome How handsome he is!
s lv adj excl. phrase

She runs fast How fast she runs!

Adj excl. phrase

You are a pity What a pity you are!

Np excl. Phrase

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PERBEDAAN GTP

1. The girl washing the car is Lely

N adj-pcp m of pcp
Pcp phrase / adj Girl

2. Washing the car is Abdul’s hobby

Gerund m of g
Gerund phrase / subject

3. Washing the car, she is tired

Pcp m of pcp s LV compl
Pcp. Phrase / Adv

4. The car washed by Lubad is broken

n adj – pcp m of pcp
Pcp phrase / Adj The
car

5. To wash the car needs much water

H/to inf m of to inf
To inf phrase / subject

6. They anticipate studying Grammar

s vt g m of g
Gerund phrase / Object

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KASUS “ENOUGH”

Enough: ADJ FORM M H

cukup Enough n
Adj Np

Example:
Enough money
M/adj H/n
Noun Phrase
Enough water
M/adj H/n
H M
ADV FORM ad/adv enough/adv
Example:
Cukup cantik Dengan cukup cepat
M/adv H/adj M/Adv H/Adv

Beaufitul enough fast enough

H/adj M/adv H/Adv M/Adv

adj phrase adv phrase

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KESIMPULAN

1. Noun phrase M H M
adj n adj

2. Adj Phrase M H M
Adv adj adv

3. Adv Phrase M H M
Adv adv adv
M H M
4. Verb Phrase Adv v adv

5. Gerund Phrase H M
Bentuk: Ving G m of Gerund
Kelas kata: Noun

6. To inf Phrase H M
Bentuk: to + V1 To inf m of to inf
Kelas kata: noun

7. Participle Phrase H M
Bentuk: ving – v3 Pcp m of pcp
Kelas kata: v1, adj, adv

8. Prep Phrase Prep + O of prep

N/np/pron . . .

9. Excl Phrase What Np + S + V!

How Adj/Adv + S + V!
Excl. Phrase
Excl. sentence

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PART OF SPEECH
Kelas kata dalam bahasa Inggris ada 8 golongan yaitu (PANCAVIP):
Part Of Example In
No Examples Parf Of Speech
Speech Sentence
She, ourselves, each other, that, Jack is the boy who
1 Pronouns
everyone, who, whom. . . loves Marry
The, a, this, my, Naswin’s, many, we only need
few, some, any, several, every, several times to
2 Adjectives
first, two, kind, handsome, big, practice our
old, warm, round, red, American. English
House, happiness, water, egg,
man, child, mouse, ox, fish, deer,
Naswin has two
3 Nouns books, dishes, branches,
wives
potatoes, stories, boys, knives,
wives.
FANBOYS, both, not only but
she is absent, for
4 Conjunctions also, either or, neither nor, while,
she is dizzy
when.
slowly, beautifully, fast, hard, late,
well, here, in, on, at, because of,
above, under, yesterday, right now, Abdul walks on the
5 Adverbs soon, just, always, seldom, not, water
exactly, actually, example, such as,
how, where, when, why, moreover.
Sleep, forgot, to study, given,
Azam drinks
6 Verbs drinks, eating, fried, will, have,
Baygon
been, does, make, feel, get, am. . .
Wow! That's
7 Interjection Oh! Wow! Yes!
great!
Beside, next to, in the front of,
Basir is interested
8 Prepositions after, for, with, in, of, at, for, care,
in Jamilah
up, on. . .

Hi, we need a big lamp and a broom here before Sunday

7 1 6 2 3 4 3 5 8 5

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PRONOUNS
Kata ganti
Def.: Kata yang digunakan untuk menggantikan Noun.
Example:
Lihat! Dede sedang nangis, Dia sedih

Look! Dede is crying, He is sad

Dede / He : Subject (Pronoun)

A. KINDS
a. Personal Pronoun – He, She, We
b. Reflexive Pronoun – Itself, Herself, Myself
c. Reciprocal Pronoun – Each other, One another
d. Demonstrative Pronoun – This, That
e. Indefinite Pronoun – Someone, Anybody, Everything, Noting
f. Interrogative Pronoun – Who, Whom, What
g. Relative Pronoun – Which, Who, Whom

a. PERSONAL PRONOUN
Def.: Kata yang digunakan untuk menggantikan Nama Orang / Benda.

Pronoun POSSESSIVE
Reflexive
Subj Pro Obj Pro Adjective Pronoun
I Me My book Mine Myself
Yourself/
You You Your ….. Yours
Yourselves
We Us Our ….. Ours Ourselves
They Them Their ….. Theirs Themselves
She Her Her ….. Hers Herself
He Him His ….. His Himself
It It Its ….. Its Itself

NOTE: Poss. Adj selalu di ikuti Noun.

POSS. PRON tidak di ikuti Noun.

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Example:
Bukumu mahal Your book is expensive
Bukuku murah Mine is expensive

Milik kita bagus Ours are good

b. REFLEXIVE PRONOUN
def. : Kata ganti yang merujuk pada diri sendiri (pantulan)

Fungsi:
1. Menekankan pada subject (makna “sendiri”)
Example:
Saya sendiri yang menjemput Nimas di stasiun.
I myself pick up Nimas at station
2. Bermakna sendirian (menggantikan “alone”)
*Melibatkan prep. By
Example:
Anggun pergi kerumah Abdul sendirian
Anggun goes to Abdul’s house by herself
Alone
3. Menjadi object jika subject dan Object sama
Example:
I love myself John buys himself a new car
I like myself Bonah hits herself

. . . . . .John himself buys himself a new car by himself. . . . .

c. RECIPROCAL PRONOUN
Def.: kata yang menunjukan adanya hubungan / interaksi antara 2 hal
/ lebih.
Makna : Saling
Kinds : a. Each other (untuk 2 orang)
b. One another (untuk lebih dari 2 orang)
Example: Azam and Ana love each other
The students help one another

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d. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
Def.: kata tunjuk yang digunakan sekaligus sebagai kata ganti.

Anggota: Tunggal This(ini) That (itu)

Jamak These(ini) Those(itu)
Example:
Ahmad mempunyai sebuah mobil Ahmad has a car

This is very expensive Ini sangat mahal

Demonstrative Pro

Mobil ini mahal THIS CAR is expensive

Demonstrative Adjective

e. INDEFINITE PRONOUN
Def.: kata ganti yang menyatakan jumlah yang tidak jelas.
Anggota:
One Body Thing
+, -, ? Some Someone Somebody Something
-, ? Any Anyone Anybody Anything
+, -, ? Every Everyone Everybody Everything
+, -, ? No No one Nobody Nothing

NOTE:
No one penulisanya dipisah
Indefinite Pronouns di anggap singular
Example:
Setiap orang mengenalku
Everone knows me
Tak seorangpun mencintainya
No one loves her

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f. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN
def.: Kata ganti yang digunakan untuk menanyakan benda
Anggota: Who, Whom, What

Example:
Ana always comes late
Who always comes late?

She finds a wallet

What does she find?

What is going on here?

Accident is happening here

g. RELATIVE PRONOUN
Def.: kata ganti yang digunakan sebagai conjunction dalam rangkaian
Adjective clause
Anggota: who (s), whom (o), which that (non person) ------ Yang

Example:
Orang yang kamu kenal adalah temanku
The man whom you know is my friend

Mr. Ramdhan menjumpai cewek yang saya ajar

Mr. Ramdhan meets a girl whom I teach

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ADJECTIVES

Def.: Kata yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan Noun

Example: Beautiful, handsome . . . .

KINDS:
A. Limiting Adjectives (LA) – Adjectives yang membatasi Noun
Example: a, an, some, many . . .

B. Descriptive Adjectives (DA) – Adjective yang menggambarkan Noun

Example: Ugly, cruel, kind, polite. . .

NOTE: Adjective + Noun – Membetuk pola – Np (Noun Phrase)

Pre – M H Post – M
 LA + DA N LA DA N

Noun phrase

Tiga Cewek Yang Galak 3 cruel girls  Np

LA H/n DA LA + DA + N

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A. LIMITING ADJECTIVES (LA)
Anggota:
1. Article – a, an, the
2. Demonstrative Adjective – that, this
3. Possessive Adjective – My, your
4. Indefinite Adjective – Few, little, several, some
5. Numeral Adjective – one, first
1. ARTICLE _KATA SANDANG_
Kinds:
a. Definite Article (Jelas)
Anggota: “THE” – Un, Cn _Sing / Pl _Makna umum “itu”
b. Indefinite Article (Tidak Jelas)
Anggota: “A, AN” – Cn _sing _makna “se”
NOTE: Proper noun tidak didahului Article
Cn Singular harus di dahului article / LA yang lain
A : di ikuti bunyi Konsonan
An : di ikuti bunyi vocal
(a, an) University (a, an, the) Book
(a, an) Umbrella (a, an, the) Books
(a, an) Hour (a, an, the) Water
(a, an) Expensive
2. Demonstrative Adjective (Kata tunjuk)
Kinds: Singular This(ini) That (itu) Un, Cn/sing
Plural These(ini) Those(itu) Cn/Pl

(This / these) books  Cn _Pl

(This / these) news  Un
(That / those) information  Un
(That / those) oil  Un
This / these (ini) Untuk benda yang dekat
That / those (itu) untuk benda yang jauh

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3. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE
Kind:
A. Possessive Adjective (Kepemilikan yang berasal dari pronoun)
Pronouns Possessive Adjective
I My ...
You Your …
We Our …
They Their … Cn, Un
She His …
He Her …
It Its …

Example:
Bukunya mereka Mobil-mobilku
H/n M/LA3 H/n M/LA3

Their book(s) My Cars

M/LA3 H/n M/LA3 H/n

Noun Phrase

B. Possessive Genitive (Kepemilikan yang berasal dari Benda)

BENDA HIDUP
a. Tidak berakhiran “S” + ‘s
Example:
Tasnya Aswan Aswan’s bag
H/n M/LA3 M/LA3 H/n

Ularnya Abdul Abdul’s snake

H/n M/LA3 M/LA3 H/n

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b. Berakhiran “S” (Murni) + ‘s / ‘
Example:
Burung-nya muis Muis’s bird
H/n M/LA3 Muis’ bird

c. Berakhiran “S” (Penanda Jamak) +’

Example:
Buku-nya Para siswa Students’ books
H/n M/LA3 M/LA3 H/n

d. Benda Mati
FORM:
N+N N of N
M H H M

Jendela-nya kelas ini

The class window The window of this class

M/LA3 H/n M/LA3 H/n

Jendela-nya kelas ini

H/n M/LA3

Boneka-nya adiknya tetangganya Lely

H M/LA3 M/LA3 M/LA3

Lely’s neighbor’s sister’s doll

M/LA3 M/LA3 M/LA3 H/n

Jendela (nya) kelas-nya Mr. Joko

H M/LA3 M/LA3

The window of Mr. Joko’s class

H/n M/LA3

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4. Indefinite Quantity menyatakan jumlah yang tidak jelas
BANYAK: MANY (Cn Pl)
MUCH (UN)
(Many / much) Water (Un)
(Many / much) Homework (Un)
(Many / much) Lice (Cn. Pl)
(Many / much) Police (Cn. Pl)
(Many / much) News (Un)

SEDIKIT: FEW (Cn. Pl)

LITTLE (Un)
(Few / little) deer (Cn. Sing/Pl)
(Few / little) teeth (Cn. Pl)
(Few / little) bikes (Cn. Pl)
(Few / little) money (Un)
(Few / little) petroleum (Bensin) (Un)

BEBERAPA Some +, -, ? Cn. Pl , Un

Any -, ? Cn. Pl , Un
Several +, -, ? Cn. Pl
I don’t have (some / any / several) books
I have (some / any / several) cheese
Nimas gets (some / any / several) presents

SETIAP: EVERY (Cn. Sing)

EACH
Example:
Every (Louse, lice)
Each (Man, men)
Every (Woman, women)
Each (Person, people)

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5. Numeral (Bilangan, Angka)
A. Ordinal Number (Bilangan bertingkat)
Example:
First 1st Third 3rd
Second 2 nd Fourth 4th
B. Cardinal Number (Bilangan pokok / biasa)
Example:
One 1 Cn. Sing
Two 2 Cn. Pl
Three 3 Cn. Pl
Etc.

Example:
Istri-nya Yuswo yang kedua Yuswo’s second wife
H/n M/LA3 M/LA5 M/LA3 M/LA5 H/n

B. DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE (DA)

KIND: Cha, Qu, SI, A, T, Sha, Co, Na
1. Character (Sifat) Humble, kind, cruel. Etc. . . .
2. Quality (Kualitas) Ugly, handsome, beautiful. Etc.
3. Size (ukuran) Slime, big, fat, thin, tall. Etc. . .
4. Age (Umur) Old, young, new, ancient, classic. Etc. . .
5. Temperature (Suhu) Cold, warm, hot. Etc. . .
6. Shape (Bentuk) Square, triangle, circle, round. Etc. . .
7. Color (Warna) Red, greenish, light blue, dark blue. Etc. .
.
8. Nationality (Kebangsaan) Javanese, American, Indonesian. Etc. . .

Pola: Np LA 1,2,3,4,5 + DA 1-8 + N

Pre-M H
Noun Phrase
Example:
Seorang gadis cantik yang baik hati membeli sebuah rokok yang
mahal
A kind beautiful girl buys an expensive cigarette.

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LIMITING ADJECTIVE

1. A / an (Cn. Sing)
2. The (Un, Cn)
3. This / that (Cn. Sing / Un)
4. These / those (Cn. Pl)
5. Many / few (Cn. Pl)
6. Much / little (Un)
7. Any / some (Cn. Pl / Un)
8. Several (Cn. Pl)
9. Every / each (Cn. Sing)
10. First, second (Cn. Un)
11. One (Cn. Sing)
12. 2, 3, 4 (Nc. Pl)

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NOUN

Def.: Kata yang digunakan untuk menamai benda.

NOUN CLASSIFICATION
1. Bedasarkan Wujud
2. Berdasarkan jumlah
3. Berdasarkan Penamaan

A. BERDASARKAN WUJUD
1. Concrete Noun / Nyata
Def: Kata benda yang dapat dideteksi oleh panca indra
Example: house, cake, book. . .

2. Abstract noun / Tidak nyata

Def: kata benda yang tidak dapat di deteksi oleh panca indra.
Example: Spirit, Happiness, sadness. . .

B. BERDASARKAN JUMLAH
Uncountable Noun Un (Benda yang tidak dapat di hitung)
Example: Water, Money, Air, Sand, Sugar, etc . . .

Countable Noun Cn (Benda yang dapat dihitung)

Example: Table, egg, car, etc. . .

COUNTABLE NOUN Di bagi Menjadi:

1. Singular (Tunggal) Egg, Pen, Card. Etc. . .
2. Plural (Jamak)

A. IRREGULAR (Tidak beraturan)

Man - Men Ox - oxen
Child - Children Fish -Fish / Fishes
Mouse - mice Deer -deer. Etc. . .

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B. REGULAR (Beraturan)
1. Noun berakhiran [konsonan, -e, -ee + s]
 Book - Books
 Tree - Tress
 Table - Tables

2. Noun berakhiran [-sh, -ch, -ss, -x, -o +es]

 Dish -Dishes
 Branch -Branches
 Class -Classes
 Box -Boxes
 Potato -Potatoes

3. Noun Berakhiran [Konsonan + y]

 Kons + y + ies
 Story -Stories
 Army -Armies

4. Noun yang berakhiran [Vocal + y + s]

 Boy -boys
 Key -Keys

5. Noun Berakhiran [f / fe f / fe + Ves]

 Knife -Knives
 Wife -Wives

NOTE: Hati – Hati dengan irregular Noun!

Studio 
Photo 

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NOUN _VERB AGREEMENT

NOUN BE (IS, AM, ARE) VERB

Un (sing) Is V s/es
Cn (sing) Is V s/es
Cn (Pl) Are V1

Example:
1. The (deer / deers) are cute
2. The (deer / deers) is mine
3. The police (is, are) on the street
4. The news (make, makes) me sad
5. The (music / musics) (is, are) melodius
6. A girl and boy (play / plays) badminton
7. The babies (sleep / sleeps) soundly

C. BERDASARKAN PENAMAAN
1. Common Noun (Benda yang bersifat umum)
Example: Boy, girl, fruit, country. . .
2. Proper noun / nama diri (Benda yang bersifat khusus “Di awali huruf
Kapital” tidak di awali: a, an, the.)
Example: Abdul, Chaca, Nimas, Indonesia, Bandung, Pare. . .
3. Material Noun (Benda yang berasal dari alam)
Example: Water, gold, sand, iron, etc. . .
4. Collective Noun (Kumpulan benda yang di anggap sebagai 1 kesatuan)
Example: Family, group, team, class. Etc. . .

NOTE:
American (Collective Noun) Singular
British (Collective Noun) Plural

Example: The family (is, are) happy is ->Toefl

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CONJUNCTION
Kata Penghubung

Def: Kata yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan hal-hal yang setara /

tidak setara.

Kinds
1. COUMPOUND CONJUNCTION
2. COMPLEX CONJUNCTION

Explanation!
1. COMPOUND CONJUNTION
Def: kata yang menghubungkan hal-hal yang setara.
Noun Conj Noun
Phrase Conj Phrase
Clause Conj Clause

KINDS:
1. COORDINATIVE CONJUNCTION
2. CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION

1. COORDINATIVE CONJUNCTION (1 Conjunction yang sendirian)

Anggota: FANBOYS
 FOR (Karena)
 AND (Dan)
 NOR (Pun. . . tidak) (and. . .not)
 BUT (Tetapi)
 OR (Atau)
 YET (Tetapi)
 SO (Sehingga)

NOTE: But, Or, And menghubungkan antara word, clause.

Yet, Not, For, So menghubungkan antara Clause
Yet, For, So penulisanya didahului koma

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Example:
a. Dia Tidak Masuk, Karena Dia Pusing
She is absent, FOR she is dizzy
MC MC
b. Faris Dan Sofyan Sedang Memancing
Faris AND Sofyan are fishing
N N
c. Aku Mencintaimu Tetapi Aku Membencimu
I love you BUT I hate you
MC MC
d. Kita Dapat Pergi Kesana Hari Minggu Atau Sabtu
We can go there on Sunday OR Saturday
N N
e. Dia Pintar Tetapi Nakal
He is clever BUT naughty
adj YET adj Tidak pake “YET” karena bukan
Clause
f. Aku Mencintaimu Tetapi Aku Membencimu
I love you, YET I hate you
MC MC karena clause “YET” di gunakan, tandai (,)
g. Dia Ramah Jadi Dia Punya Banyak Teman
She is friendly, SO she has many friends
MC MC
h. NOR (AND . . .NOT)
:S + Aux + Not + V NOR S + Aux+Not + V Susun balik
Nor + Aux + S + V Inversi
Mereka tidak tidur dan mereka tidak makan
They do not sleep AND they do NOT eat (and + not) : NOR

THEY DO NOT SLEEP NOR DO THEY EAT

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2. CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION
Def: Conjunction yang bentuknya berpasangan

Anggota:
 Both S1 And S2 (Keduanya)
Keduanya
 Not only S1 But also S2 (tidak hanya . . . tetapi juga . . . .)
Keduanya
 Either S1 Or S2 (Jika bukan . . . berarti. . . .) Salah
Satu
 Neither S1 Nor S2 (Baik . . . . maupun. . . . tidak. . . .) None

Aturan!
A. APABILA MENGHUBUNGKAN SUBJECT
Both. . . . and . . . . Selalu bertemu dengan V.pl (V untuk Sub Pl)
Selain both. . . . and. . . . Verbnya mengikuti Subject kedua

Example:
1. Tidak hanya Kia tetapi juga Agung memanjat pohon
Not only Kia but also Agung (Climb / Climbs) the tree
S1 S2

2. Both Ana and Azam (Play / plays) in the movie

S1 S2

3. Either Mr. Gungun or I (Repaire / repaires) the car

S1 S2

4. Neither Jey nor Eka (cut / cuts) the grass

S1 S2

5. Either Jamrud or Harun and Rosyid (meet / meets) Ana

S1 S2

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B. APABILA MENGHUBUNGKAN ANTAR CLAUSE
Khusus
NOT ONLY S + V BUT ALSO S+V
V + S (inversi)

NEITHER S+V NOR S+V

V+S V+S
Inversi
Example:
Betty tidak hanya menyanyi tetapi juga menangis
 Not only Betty sings but also she cries
 Not only does Betty sing but also she cries
V S

Dia tidak hanya baik tetapi juga tidak sombong

 Not only she is kind but also she is not arrogant
 Not only is she kind but also she is not arrogant
V S (inversi)

Muchlis tidak sedang merokok dan tidak sedang minum

 Muchlis is not only smoking and he is not drinking
 Muchlis is not smoking nor is he drinking Inversi
 Neither is Muchlis smoking nor is he drinking Inversi

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2. COMPLEX CONJUNCTION
Def: Conjunction yang menghubungkan hal yang tidak setara (SC dan SC)
Anggota: while, when, before, after. . . . (Selain compound conjunction)
Pola S+ V Complex conjunction S + V
Subordinative Coj

MC SC
Example:
SHE IS ABSENT, FOR SHE IS SICK
s lv s.cpl comp s lv c.pl

MC MC

SHE IS ABSENT BECAUSE SHE IS SICK

s lv s.cpl complex s lv c.pl

MC SC

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ADVERB
Def: kata yang berfungsi menjelaskan Adjective, Verb, Adv, Sentence.

KINDS:
1. BASE ON ITS MEANING (Berdasarkan maknanya)

A. ADVERB OF MANNER
Def: adv yang menyatakan Cara
 ADVERB Adj + “Ly” dengan
Slow + ly slowly
Beautiful + ly beautifully
Careful + ly carefully Etc. . .

 ADJ DAN ADV SAMA BENTUKNYA

Fast fast
Hard hard
Late late
(adj) (adv)

 ADJ DAN ADV BERBEDA

Good well
(adj) (adv)

POSISI: final (akhir)

Example:
1. She is (beautiful / beautifully) girl
2. She played (good / well)
3. He digs a (good / well) sumur (noun)
4. They run (fast / fastly)
5. She has (beautiful / beautifully) dolls

KESIMPULAN NOTE: tidak semua yang berakhiran ly adalah adverb

V Adv  Friendly (adj) ramah
Lv adj  Lovely (adj) yang disayangi
…n Adj

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B. ADVERB OF PLACE AND DIRECTION
Def: adverb yang menyatakan tempat dan arah
Form:
TERDIRI DARI 1 KATA Here, There, Overthere, In, . . .
Example: Please, come IN!
adv

TERDIRI LEBIH DARI 1 KATA

Form: Prep + O of Prep (pp)
n/np

PREP: In, On, At, Under, Above, Because Of . . .

Example: Abdel walks on the water
Prep O of prep
Pp/adv
POSISI: Final

C. ADVERB OF TIME
Def: adverb yang menyatakan time
POSISI: Initial, Middle, Final.
KINDS: Definite time (waktu jelas)
Yerterday, tomorrow, now, right now, today. . .
POSISI: initial, final

Example: Yesterday, she came

Indefinite time (waktu tidak jelas)
Soon, already, just. . .
Adverb of freq (menunjukan keseringan)
Always, seldom, sometimes, often . . .

Example: Qien always goes to Pare Always : adverd

She has already done
S V.aux adv V.ord

He will be a (success, successful, seccessully) man

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D. INTENSIFYING ADV(adv yang menegaskan pada suatu hal/adv penegas)
KIND:

a. ADV OF DEGREE (tingkatan)

Example: very, so, too, rather,. . . menjelaskan : Adj, Adv, Verb, sentence.

b. DISTINGUISHING ADV (emphasize) penekanan

Anggota: not, even, exactly, just . . . menjelaskan: Adj, adv, Verb, sentence,
Noun, Pron, Prep, Conj . . .

Example:
1. Laily is (very/so/too) fat
2. Nimas sings a very (melodious/melodiously) song“
Adv Adj noun
3. Bukan karna layli aku datang kemari
Not because of Laily, I come here
Adv prep

4. She just wants to help me

Adv v

5. Bahkan Eka mencintaiku

Even Eka loves me
Adv noun

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2. BASED ON ITS FUNCTION
KINDS:
a. Sentence adverb
b. Explanatory Adverb
c. Exclamatory Adverb
d. Introgative Adverb
e. Relative Adverb
f. Conjunctive Adverb

A. SENTENCE ADVERD
Def: Adverb yang menjelaskan keseluruhan kalimat.

ANGGOTA:
 Probably : mungkin
 Maybe : mungkin
 Fortunately : Untungnya
 Unfotunately : sayangnya, sialnya
 Actually : sebenarnya

Posisi : Initial (depan)

Middle : tengah
Final : akhir

Example:
Tadi malam, rumah agung kebakaran. Untungnya dia masih hidup

Last night agung’s house was burnt. Fortunately, he is still alive.

Initial/adv sent
He fortunately is still alive
Middle
He is still alive fortunately
Final
Sebenarnya, aku masih mencintainya
Actually, I still love her

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B. EXPLANATORY ADVERB
Def: Adv yang menjelaskan sesuastu berupa contoh / rincian.
Anggota:
 Namely
 Such as
Example gratia. . .
Posisi: sebelum sesuatu yang di jelaskan

Eg: Ada banyak cewek cantik disini, seperti: Nimas, anggun, ana, azizah . . . .
There are many beautiful girls here, (such as/example/ namely)
Expl. Adv

C. EXCLAMATORY ADVERB
Def: adverb yang menyatakan luapan emosi/perasaan (berasal excl,
phrase)
Anggota: HOW

NOTE: WHAT tidak termasuk dalam EXCL. ADV

Karena tidak dapat menjelaskan NOUN
Pola: WHAT + NP + S + V! HOW + ADJ/ADV + S + V!
Adv Adv

Eg: Laily runs fast How fast Laily runs!

S v adv adv adv

What a pity you are! BUKAN!

Adv Np

D. INTERROGATIVE ADVERB
Def: adv yang digunakan sebagai kata Tanya untuk menanyakan adv
Anggota: WHEN, WHERE, WHY, HOW.

Eg: Lely loved abdul last year

S v o adv
When did Lely love Abdul ?
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E. RELATIVE ADVERB
Def: adv yang di fungsikan sebagai conjunction dalam rangkaian Adjective
clause
Anggota:
 When Time
 Why Reason
 Where Place
 Which 
 That 

Eg: Rumah Dimana Kamu Tinggal Itu Besar

The house where you live is big
Adj n conj s v

Subject claus : adj clause

S: Noun lv s.cpl

F. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB
Def: adv yang sekaligus di fungsikan sebagai conjunction

Anggota: MOREOVER, LIKE WISE …..

POLA: S + V; CA, S + V
S + v. CA, S + V

Eg:
Dia itu sakit sehingga dia tidak masuk
She is sick, so she is absent
She is sick; hence, she is sick
She is sick. Hence, she is absent

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Contoh RELATIVE ADVERB
I understand the reason why you are late
V Adj N Conj S Lv S.cpl

Sc/adj clause
_ _________ ________________________________
S V O=N

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VERB
Def: kata yang digunakan untuk menyatakan aktifitas / kegiatan
Eg:
AKTIFITAS : Sleep, Eat, Study
KEADAAN : Forget, Love, Hate

Kinds:
A. BERDASARKAN BENTUKNYA
B. BERDASARKAN KEDUDUKANYA

A. BASED ON ITS FORM/BENTUK

1. INFINITIVE FORM “Present form”
 To inf (To + V1) : To Study, To Sleep
 Bare inf (V1) : Study, Sleep
 Additional inf (V1 es/s) : Studies, Sleeps

2. PAST FORM “V2”

 Regular ver (V1 + d/ed) : Studied, Walked
 Irregular (Oxford)
Go Went
Eat Ate
Drink Drank

3. PARTICIPLE FORM
 Present Participl (V1 + Ing) : Eating, Sitting
 Past participle (V3) : Gone, Eaten, Drunk

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EXAMPLE OF VERB BASED ON ITS FORM

Bare Past Past Present

To inf Add inf
inf tense participle participle
TO V-1 V-1 S/ES V-1 V-2 V-3 V-Ing
To draw Draws Draw Drew Drawn Drawing
To give Gives Give Gave Given Giving
To speak Speaks Speak Spoke Spoken Speaking Irregular
To sing Sings Sing Sang Sung Singing
To write Writes Write Wrote Written Writing
To like Likes Like Liked Liked Liking
To cry Cries Cry Cried Cried Crying
Regular
To play Plays Play Played Played Playing
To tie Ties Tie Tied Tied Tying
To do Does Do Did Done Doing
Is/am/ Was/
To be Be Been Being
are were Irregular
To have Has Have Had Had Having
To begin Begins Begin Began Begun Beginning

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B. BASED ON ITS POSITION/KEDUDUKAN “Posisi”

1. ORDINARY VERD
 Main verb : kata kejra utama
 Harus Ada Dalam Kalimat
 Jumlahnya 1

2. AUXILIARY VERB
 Kata Kerja Bantu
 Tidak harus ada dalam kalimat
 Jumlahnya bisa lebih dari 1
Eg:
Laily will have been studying English
S aux aux aux ORD
Verb

Ustadzah Ana will have been here

S aux aux ORD
Verb

Ustadzah Ana been here

V3 Was : V2
Is : V1 /V s/es

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1. ORDINARY VERB
A. TRANSITIVE VERD “v (t)”
Def: Verb yang membutuhkan OJECT
Kind:
1. MONOTRANSITIVE
Def: yang membutuhkan 1 Object
Eg: Azam drinks Baygon
S vt O

2. DISTRANSITIVE VERBS
Def: kata kerja yang membutuhkan 2 Object
Form: S + V + IO + DO
S + V + DO + TO/FOR + ID
Prep
NOTE:
IO : Indirect Object (object yang tidak langsung)
DO : Direct object (umumnya non-person)
(object yang langsung berhubungan dengan subject)

Eg:
Agung membelikan NELY seekor kucing
s v IO DO

Agung buys NELY a cat

s V-Dit IO DO

Agung buys a cat for NELY

s V-dit DO IO

CERTAIN VERB Ask Bring Buy Cost Get Give

Leave Lend Make Offer Owe Pass
Pay Play Promise Read Refuse Say
Sell Send Show Sing Take Teach
Tell Wish Write

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B. INTRANSITIVE VERB “v (i)” verb yang tidak membutuhkan OBJECT

Kinds:
1. COMPLETE PREDICATION
Def:“kata kerja yang sudah lengkap”
Form:
S + Vi + Adv
Eg: Zamrud tidur setiap malam Zamrud sleeps every night
s vi adv
2. INCOMPLETE PREDICATION
Def: kata kerja yang belum lengkap, sehingga butuh pelengkap
Form: S + Lv + Complement
Vord 3C (ANA) Adjective, Noun, Adverb

Lv: Linking Verbs

Def: verb yang menhubungkan antara Subject dan pelengkap
Eg:
I feel confused Adjective
s lv Subjective Complement

I am a student Np
s lv s.cpl

I am here Adverb
s lv s.cpl

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CERTAIN LINKING VERB
1. BERUPA “BE” Adjective, Noun, Adverb
 Is, am, are
 been, being
 Was, were
 be NOMINAL
2. NON – “BE”
Eg: Became
They GET happy Adj Remind Adj/N
s Lv s.cpl Turn
They GET much money Appear
s Vt O/Np Feel
Get
She BECAMES a lecture
s Lv O/Np Grow
Keep Verbal
He APPEAR sad Look
s Lv S.Cpl Adj
Prove
POLA KALIMAT: Seem
S + V + O + (Adv) Smell
Sound
1. S + Vt + O + (Adv)
Stay
2. S + Vi + O + (Adv)
Taste
3. S + Lv + O + S.Cpl + (Adv)

PERBEDAAN LINKING VERB DENGAN VERB

Eg:
I GET much money Np
s vt o GET: Mendapat

They GET happy Adj

s Lv S.Cpl GET: Menjadi

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2. AUXILIARY / KATA KERJA BANTU

Kind:
A. PRIMARY AUXILIARY
 Tidak mempunyai makna kamus (dalam kalimat) menujukan
karakter tense
 Apabila sendirian makna bisa menjadi Vord

Anggota
 BE : Is, Am, Are, Was, Were, Been, Being, Be.
 HAVE : Have, Has, Had, Have
 DO : Do, Does, Did, Do (-,?)
Eg:
I AM Eating bread I AM handsome
V-aux V-ord V-ord

I DO not Read it I DO it
V-aux V-ord V-ord

B. MODAL AUXILIARY
 Mempunyai makna kamus (dalam kalimat)
 Selamanya auxiliary
 Membentuk karakter tenses (Can, Will, Must, May, Should. . . .)
Eg:
Muis CAN Help Retno Muis Dapat membantu Retno
V-aux V-ord

C. EMPHASIZE AUXILIARY
 Memberikan penekanan
 Makna (sungguh-sunguh, benar-benar)
Anggota:
 Do, does Present
 Did Past
Eg: I DO love you “I did love you”
V-aux V-ord

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C. BASED ON ITS FUNCTION

1. Finite Verb (F)

Def: kata yang menempati posisi Verb (di fungsikan sebagai Verb)

2. Infinite Verb (I)

Def: kata kerja yang tidak menempati posisi verb (di fungsikan selain verb)
Pola kalimat: S + V + O + Adv
V V V V
Eg:
I F I I
He Helps me
S V O
Dringking oil IS Ridho’s hobby
S Lv s.cpl
I F
Reading a book, she SLEEPS
Adv s V
I F
They FORGET avoiding the problem
S V O
F I
Swimming IS nice
S lv s.cpl
I F
The Boy KISSED by Abdul CRIES
I F
Eka AVOIDS Meeting Ahmad
F I
KISSED, Alief RUNS fast
I F

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They will is sleep
They will be sleep
Faris will am with Nimas
Faris will be meeting Nimas

SYARAT FINITE VERB

1. TO INFINITIVE (TO + V1)
 Selalu infinitive
Eg: I want to know your hobby
I
2. VERB BARE INFINITIVE (V1)
a. Berdiri Sendiri
Eg: we PUNISH her
F
b. Terletak setelah modal
Form:
M + V1
Eg: Alief will love Sofyan
M V1
3. V (S/ES) SELALU FINITE
Eg: He DRINKS Oil
F
4. V2 SELALU FINITE
Eg: He ATE stone
F
5. V3
a. Terletak setelah “have”
Form: Have + V3
Eg: Dede and Eka Have DONE it
F

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b. Terletak setelah “BE”
Form:
Be + V3
Eg: Lubab Is KISSED by Pepi
F
6. V-ing
Terletak setelah “BE”
Form: Be + Ving
Eg: Ricky is LOOKING FOR knowledge
F

KESIMPULAN
1. Simple :O
2. Present : V1 /Vs (es)
3. Past : V2
4. Future : will / shall + V1
5. Perfect : Have + V3
6. Continuous : be + Ving
7. Passive : be + V3
Eg:
 Betty will has is read a book Betty will have been reading a book
 Harun has are bring a car Harun has been bringing a car

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INTERJECTION

Def: kata yang digunakan untuk meluapkan perasaan / emosi

(Penulisanya di akhiri tanda seru)
Eg:
 Damn it! : Sialan!
 What a pity : Kasihan!
 Oh God! : Oh tuhan!
 Alas! : Kesal!
 Bravo! : persetujuan!
 Hush! : Perhatian!
 Pshaw! : ketidaksabaran!
 Heigh-ho! : kejemuan!
 Fie!fie! : Celaan!
 Oh! : Help!
 Hurrah! : Well!

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PREPOSITION
Def: kata yang mengawali Prepositional Phrase (kata depan)
Pola: Pp
Prep + O. of prep
N, Pron, Np, G,Nc
Pp
Form:
a. Terdiri dari 1 kata (single word)
 In
 On
 At
 Above
 Under
 Etc. .
b. Terdiri lebih dari 1 kata
 Because Of
 Next To
 In Front Of
 In The Middle Of
 Etc. . .
Eg:
Laily Sits On The Stove
s v Prep O.Of Prep
Sent Pp /Adv

Nimas Is Happy Because Of Me

s lv s.cpl prep. . . O. of prep
Sent Pp /Adv

KIND OF PREP:
1. Free Prep (Tidak Terikat Dengan Kata Lain)
After, before, for. . . . etc
2. Bound prep (terikat dengan kata yang lain)
Together WITH interested IN
Adv prep adj prep

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KATA-KATA YANG DAPAT MENGIKAT PREP

1. NOUN + PREP
Attention TO
N Prep
Objection TO
N Prep Please! Attention to me!

2. ADJ + PREP
Angry With, afraid of, interested In. . . I’m afraid OF Rido
Adj prep
3. ADV + PREP Together WITH. . . .

4. VERB + PREP
A. TIDAK membetuk makna baru”
Look look at : melihat
Believe believe in : percaya
Live Live in : tinggal

B. Membentuk makna baru

a. Unspareable (Tidak Bisa Dipisah Oleh Object)
 Look for : mencari
 Take care : merawat

b. Sparable (Dapat Dipisah Oleh Object)

 Pick up : menjemput
 Take up : membawa
Eg:
 Ramdhan lives in Bandung  Ramdhan lives Bandung in
 Abdul looks for a wife 
S v o
 Abdul looks a wife for  Unsparable
 Ridho picks up Laily in the Jungle
S v o

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 Ridho picks Laily up in the jungle (v)
 Ridho picks her up in the jungle (v)
 Ridho picks up her in the jungle (x)

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